Zomwe banja la pinki (RosaceaeMulinso mitundu iwiri yazomera - Aronia (Aronia) ndi phulusa la kumapiri (Sorbus) Aronia ndi phulusa laphiri ndi abale pachiwonetsero cha mankhwala, koma pamtundu wamtunduwu ali ndi kusiyana kwachilengedwe. Ndikokwanira kuyang'ana momwe masamba amasinthira, momwe mbewu zimagwirira ntchito, malo ogawika, zofunikira zachilengedwe ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zamafuta kuti mumvetsetse kuti izi ndizomera zosiyanasiyana. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, mtundu wa epithet wa chokeberry umamasuliridwa ngati chipatso chakuda, chifukwa chake dzinalo lathunthu mu Chirasha - chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Mwa anthu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti chokeberry.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapena Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Aronia chokeberry amasokonezedwanso ndi "chokeberry Michurin" ndipo amatchedwanso chokeberry. Kuchokera pamawonekedwe, botolo la Michurin siliri chokeberry kwathunthu, koma limasiyana ndi ma chromosomes osiyana. Ndiye kuti, pamlingo wachilengedwe, izi ndizomera zosiyana zamtundu womwewo. Aronia Michurin (Aronia mitschurinii) lilinso osati phulusa lamapiri. Rowan, mwa mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe, ndi amtundu wosiyana kwambiri - Sorbus, wokhala ndi dzina lodziwika m'zomera wazomera - wamba (Sorbus aucuparia).
Kufotokozera kwamabokosi a chokeberry chokeberry
Choke mu Chigriki amatanthauza wothandizira, thandizo, chabwino. Aronia chokeberry - wothandizira woyamba wa munthu, kuyambira kale, dokotala wofunika kwambiri wowerengera ambiri matenda ake ambiri.
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chokeberry aronia amakula kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 2.0 m kutalika. Mitundu yolimbidwa imafika pamtunda wa 3-4 m - ichi ndi chitsamba chachikulu chokhala ndi nthambi, korona wake womwe umayamba kufalikira ndi zaka, kutalika mpaka 2-2,5 mamita m'mimba mwake.
Mizu ya chokeberry aronia ndi yopukutira, kukhazikika bwino, ndikukhala kumtunda kwa masentimita 40-60, kumafunikira kuthirira ndikusowa chinyezi. Zomwe zimayambira sizikula kuposa magawo akunja a korona. Mphukira zapachaka za utoto wofiirira, pamapeto pake zimakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni.
Masamba a Chokeberry ndi onyezimira, osavuta, peti. Malowa ndi otsatira. Tsamba limakhala lolimba, ovate yammbuyo, yayikulu, nthawi zina imakhala lalikulu masentimita (6-8x5-7 cm) yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa msewu ndi odulidwa. Pamwamba pa tsamba lakhola lakuthwa. Mtundu wa masamba a chokeberry ndiwobiliwira. Zitsamba zakuda ndi zofiirira zimawonekera bwino m'mbali mwa tsamba. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mtundu wa masamba umakhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana - lalanje, ofiira, ofiirira, omwe amapereka tchire kukongoletsa kowoneka bwino.
Maluwa a chokeberry amakhala awiriwiri, lalitali kukula, okhazikika. Corolla yoyera, pang'ono pang'ono. Muli maluwa okongola a 15-20, omwe maimidwe ofiirira amatsamira pazizindikiro, ndikupatsa duwa chidwi chosaneneka. Maluwa amatengedwa m'malonda ovuta mpaka 6 cm. Maluwa "chokeberry" amayamba m'mwezi wa Meyi - Juni ndipo amakhala sabata ziwiri.
Kuphatikizika kwa chokeberry chokeberry kumayamba mchaka cha 2 - 3. Zipatso zipsa mu August - theka loyamba la Seputembara. Zipatso ndi zakuda zakuda, zipatso zooneka ngati zipatso za apulosi zomwe zimamera. Pakuwala kwachilengedwa, zipatso zake ndizopaka, zokoma, pang'ono. Pali mbewu za masamba osiyanasiyanazo za88 pamutu pa mwana wosabadwayo.
Zipatso ndi maluwa a chokeberry chokeberry powoneka ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi maluwa ndi zipatso za phulusa la mapiri, chifukwa chake dzina lachiwiri lolakwika la chokeberry (chokeberry).
Chokeberry Aronia, kapena Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
Aronia chokeberry
East North America, kumene chokeberry chakuthengo chimamera mwachilengedwe, imadziwika kuti ndi komwe idachokera. Kugawidwa kwa chokeberry aronia kumakhala kotentha padziko lonse lapansi. Amakula bwino ku Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan. Ku Russian Federation, imamera tchire losiyana-siyana m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango komanso gawo lokhalokha la Europe. "Chokeberry" afalikira ku Central, m'madera a Volga, ku North Caucasus. Chikhalidwe cholimba nyengo yachisanu chimakula pafupifupi famu iliyonse m'chigawo cha Ural, West Siberian, Northwest, ngakhale ku Yakutia, ndi madera ena a ku Asia gawo la Russia. M'malo odziwika ndi kutentha kwa dzinja pamwambapa-35 ° C, chokeberry chokeberrychi chimapinda pansi nthawi yozizira, ndikuchiyika ndi nthambi kapena chipale chofewa.
Mtundu wa Aronia uli ndi mitundu 15, koma udayambitsidwa mchikhalidwecho ndipo udakhala ngati maziko olimitsa ndi kuyambitsa mitundu m'malo osiyanasiyana, imodzi yokha - Aronia aronia.
Mitundu yolimidwa ya "chokeberry" monga mankhwala opangira mankhwala amtengo wapatali imalimidwa m'mafakitale ambiri ku Altai. Madera ofunika amakhala ndi chikhalidwe ku Ukraine, Belarus, mayiko a Baltic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera chokongoletsera chokongoletsera malo okongola a mapaki, mabwalo, malo achisangalalo, mpanda wachilengedwe wamalo.
Aronia - zopangira mankhwala
Mu chokoberry aronia, masamba ndi zipatso zosaphika ndi zatsopano ndi zouma.
Zipatso zokhwima zimakhala ndi shuga okwana 10%, zopitilira 1% organic acid, mpaka 1% pectin mpaka 20% nkhani youma. Zipatso za chokeberry aronia kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 30% zimakwaniritsa zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu okhala ndi mavitamini (C, E, B1, B2, B6, B9, K, P, E, PP), macro- ndi michere , boron, fluorine. Zolemba za ayodini mu "chokeberry" ndizapamwamba kuposa jamu, rasipiberi, sitiroberi. Mokulira zipatso mumakhala anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, katekisimu. Chokeberry aronia imasiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yambiri, patsogolo pa mbewu monga blackcurrant ndi malalanje. Mu zipatso, oposa 4%, ndipo masamba mpaka 1.5% a flavonoids, kuphatikizapo rutin, quercetin, hesperidin. Kupanga kwa chipatso kumatsimikizira kufunika kwa chokeberry aronia, onse mankhwala komanso chikhalidwe.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapena Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Zothandiza pa "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia amapanga zipatso pafupifupi 7,5 makilogalamu. Kukolola isanayambe chisanu. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, komanso kukonzedwa mu madzi, vinyo, zakumwa, ma compotes. Kuyambira zipatso kukonzekera kupanikizana, kupanikizana, madzi, marmalade, marshmallow, zakudya. Zipatso zouma panja komanso zowuma pamtunda wa + 50 ... + 60 ° ะก. Zipatso zouma zimasungidwa m'matumba a pepala kwa zaka ziwiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala othandizira, masamba omwe amawotcha maluwa atayuma. Zipatso zatsopano za "chokeberry" pa zero zero zimasungidwa mpaka chaka chimodzi osataya kukoma kwawo ndi mikhalidwe yabwino.
Kuchokera zipatso zatsopano ndi zouma, mankhwala omwe amapanga ndi infusions amakonzedwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndi kuchepetsedwa chitetezo chokwanira, matenda a shuga, monga prophylactic for onology, matenda oopsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vasculitis, ndi kuchepa kwa Vitamini, komwe kuli kofunika kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic. Zipatso za chokeberry chokeberry zimachepetsa cholesterol, kusintha magwiridwe a endocrine ndi dongosolo la kupuma. Zipatso ndizabwino antiseptic. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala kuchokera ku zipatso ndi masamba a matenda a chiwindi, ndulu ya chikhodzodzo, mtima dongosolo, matenda oopsa.
Samalani! Simungagwiritse ntchito chokeberry chokeberry ngati chakudya komanso mankhwala pochepetsa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa matenda am'mimba, kuchuluka kwa magazi, kupindika, thrombophlebitis.
Kodi kukula chokeberry chokeberry
Zofunikira zachilengedwe
Aronia chokeberry safunika kwambiri pa zachilengedwe. Chikhalidwechi ndi cha nthawi yozizira komanso chamthunzi. Koma m'malo otetezedwa kwenikweni s kubereka zipatso ndipo mutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chikhalidwe chokongoletsera. Imalekerera chisanu mosavuta -30 ... -35 ° C ngakhale -40 ° C. Nthawi yakula, imapanga zokolola zochuluka mukamatsirira komanso kuunikira kwabwino. Kutengera zofunikira pa agrotechnical, tchire limakula mpaka 3 m ndipo limapanga mpaka 50 masamba a mibadwo yosiyana.
Kubzala "chokeberry"
Chokeberry chokeberry ndiye kuti alibe nthaka ndipo amakula bwino ndipo amakula ngakhale dothi lomwe latha. Sililekerera mchere komanso dothi lamiyala, kusefukira kwamizu. Imalekerera nthaka yokhala ndi asidi, koma dothi losalowerera ndendende kwambiri. Dothi la Acidic silimasinthidwa ndi phulusa kapena ufa wa dolomite, laimu ikhoza kukhala.
Kuti mubzale mbande za aroke chokeberry, muyenera kugula m'malo a akatswiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndikwabwino kubzala mbande m'dzinja kusanachitike nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena nthawi ya masika mvula itasungunuka (ngati nyengo yotentha imakhala yozizira kwambiri). Aronia aronia amatanthauza mbewu zoyambirira ndi zaka 1-3 mutabzala muyamba kubala zipatso.
Musanabzala, chokeberry chokeberry mbande amafupikitsa mizu 25-30 masentimita ndikudula tsinde kuti masamba 5,6. Mmera umasungidwa kwa maola angapo muzu kapena mu madzi.
Kukonzekera kwa maenje obzala kumachitika masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe mbande. Maenje okumbidwa amakumbidwa ndi kukula kwa 50x50x60 cm. Mtunda pakati pa maenjewo ndi 2-2.5 mamita Ngati kubwezeretsako ndiko kofunika kupanga mpanda kapena kukongoletsa, ndiye kuti kubzala kumatha kuyesedwa ndikutsitsidwa pambuyo pa mita 1-1,5.
Ngati dothi latha mu michere, ndiye kuti dothi lofunikalo limasakanizidwa ndi chidebe cha chinthu chachilengedwe (osati chatsopano), supuni 2-3 za nitrophosphate, supuni ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi supuni ziwiri za superphosphate zimawonjezeredwa. Pa dothi lachonde, mutha kudziunjikira ndowa ya humus komanso kuchokera kumanyowa am'maminolo - nitrophos. Ngati dothi ndilofinya, muyenera kupanga chidebe cha 0,5-1.0 cha peat kapena mchenga.
Aronia chokeberry amabzalidwa mofanananso ndi mbewu zina zomera zipatso. Mukabzala, pomwe tsamba la muzu limayang'aniridwa. Sizingathe kuzama, popeza njirayi imatsogolera pakupanga kwa mizu yambiri. Ngati mbewuyo sikudulidwa mwadongosolo, chitsamba chija chimakhala mthunzi ndi kutaya zipatso.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapena Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Samalira "chokeberry"
Kusamalira chokeberry aronia kumakhala kumasula nthaka, kuthilira, kuthira feteleza, kudulira ndikukhonzanso tchire, kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mu nthawi youma, yopanda masamba, kubzala chokoberry chokeberry kumadzilimbitsa pambuyo pa masiku 12-25 ndikuwumbika nthawi yomweyo kuti muchotse chinyezi. Ndi m'badwo, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, monga mizu yaumwini imalimba mpaka 2 - 3 metres ndipo imatha kudzipatsa tchire ndi chinyezi chofunikira.
Aronia chokeberry amadyetsedwa katatu pachaka. Mu kasupe, osakaniza manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame ndi mchere wa potaziyamu kapena phulusa zimakonzedwa ndikuyambitsa masamba asanatsegulidwe. Kachiwiri amadyetsedwa ndi madzi njira ya feteleza musanafike maluwa. Pakudyetsa gwiritsani ntchito phulusa (makapu 1-2), nitrophosphate (20-25 g), Kemir (20-30 g), feteleza ena okhala ndi ma macro- ndi ma microelements. Mukugwa, mutakolola (malingana ndi boma la mbewu), superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba, motero, pa 50 ndi 30 g / chitsamba.
Chapakatikati, asanaphuke, kudulira kwaukhondo kumachitika. Mphukira za Aronia chokeberry zimadulidwa pamtunda wa dothi. Mukadulira, mphukira zosafunikira zimawonongekanso, ndikusiya mphukira zisanu ndi 606, zabwino. Pakadutsa zaka 5-7, kudulira m'malo kumachitika. Kuti m'malo mwa mphukira yowonjezereka ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa chitsamba cha "aronia" 2-3 mphukira zazing'ono zatsala. Mphukirayo imapanga kukolola kwa zaka 5-7 ndipo ikhoza kuyikidwa m'malo mwake. Chitsamba chopangidwa moyenera chimakhala ndi masamba 40-45 a mibadwo yosiyana. Kukonzanso kwathunthu kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 10-12, malingana ndi chitsamba. Kukhazikika kwadongosolo kumatenga nthawi yayitali kutalika kwa chitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kubwezeretsa "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia ichulukana ndi mbewu ndi mbande. Masamba, ngati zitsamba zonse-zopukutira - zodula, zodulidwa, ana muzu, kugawa tchire, vaccinations.
Mbewu za Aronia chokeberry zimafesedwa mwachindunji m'dzinja m'nthaka, pomwe zimayambira nthawi yachisanu. Mbewu zachikale zimabzalidwa m'malo okhazikika chaka chamawa. Mukamafalitsa kudzera mmera, mbewu zimayenera kuyang'anitsidwa patadutsa miyezi 3 - 4. Kulima kwina ndi kusamalira mbande, monga mbewu zina.
Zomera kufalikira kwa chokeberry chokeberry tchire zimachitika chimodzimodzi ndi mbewu zina za shrub muzu.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapena Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Zosiyanasiyana za chokeberry chokeberry zokulira m'matumba
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi kubereketsa kuswana.
- Nero, Altai wamkulu-wokhala ndi zipatso, Wakuda, Grandiolia, Rubin, Estland, etc.
Mwa mitundu yachilendo ya chokeberry chokeberry, ambiri ndi awa:
- Chifinishi - Viking, Hakkia, Belder,
- Chipolishi - Kutno, Nova Ves, Dubrovice,
- Danish zosiyanasiyana Aron.
Ntchito yobereketsa imangopezeka kuti ipeze mitundu yosakanizidwa yozizira kwambiri, yololera kwambiri, yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu. Malinga ndi zizindikiro zakunja, mitundu ya "chokeberry" singathe kusiyanitsidwa. Kusiyana kumawonekera pokhapokha kukolola, zipatso zikakhala ndi kukoma. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosankhidwa pamalogi iyenera kugulidwa kokha mu malo odyera mwapadera, pomwe nthawi yomweyo mutha kupeza upangiri woyenera.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Chokeberry chokeberry amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Mu zaka zina, zotupa za nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete za phulusa zamapiri, njenjete za nyengo yozizira, sawclies, chitumbuwa cha mapiri, ndi hawthorn zimawonedwa. Ndi bwino kuthana ndi tizirombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo tina tina: dendrobacillin, bitoxibacillin, verticillin, bicol, boverin ndi ena. Mwa mankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchiza chokeberry chokeberry mu kasupe musanatsegule komanso mu yophukira masamba atagwa ndi 1-2% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena madzimadzi a Bordeaux.
Mwa matenda omwe ananyalanyaza chokoberry m'minda, mabakiteriya necrosis a mapesi, kuwotcha kwachuma, tsamba dzimbiri pamtunda wapafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri (apulo, peyala) zimatha kukhala, kawirikawiri - mawanga owonera. Kulimbana ndi matenda, komanso tizirombo, kumachitika bwino kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, pogwiritsa ntchito haupsin woyeserera, phytosporin, majir, glyocladine, trichodermin ndi ena. Zachidziwikire, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano pamndandanda zomwe zaperekedwa pachaka.
Zopangidwa mwachilengedwe zimathandizira tizirombo ndi matenda pokhapokha potsatira kwambiri malangizo. Kuchiza koyambirira kwam'mawa, mankhwala othandizira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pokhapokha maluwa atatseguka.
