Petunia ndi chomera chofala kwambiri, pa ziwembu zake komanso pamakonde. Maluwa ochulukirapo amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndipo amasangalatsa ndi kukongola kwake mpaka chisanu choyamba chachikulu.
Maluwa a Petunia, kubzala ndi kuwasamalira amawona kuti ndi ntchito yosavuta, chifukwa mbewu sizowoneka bwino. Koma pofuna kukulitsa bwino, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ena:
- mmera umakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa;
- amasankha dothi lamchenga kapena loamy;
- salola kusungunuka kwanthawi yayitali;
- pamafunika kudya pafupipafupi (nthawi 1 m'masiku 12 - 15).
Kubzala mbewu za petunia kwa mbande
Kubzala mbewu za petunia zoyambirira kumera kuyenera kuyamba pakati pa Okutobala. Chofunikira pakukula mbande ndizakupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Ngati mchipinda chomwe akukonzekera kukula petunia chigawochi sichikwanira, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zapadera.
Zomera zimayamba kuphuka m'masiku 65 - 92 mutabzala mbewu. Zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya petunia. Maluwa atakula, nthawi yambiri imafunika kuti duwa lithe.
Musanadzalemo nthanga za petunia, konzekerani:
- muli ziwiya zonyowa;
- nthaka;
- dongo lakukulitsidwa;
- sprayer ndi madzi;
- chovala (ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakongoletsedwa, mwachitsanzo, spanbond, kulola mbewu kuti ipume);
- mbewu zosankhidwa.
Pachigawo choyamba, timakonza zotengera mbande:
- pansi pa kapu, ndi mabowo okonzekeratu kukhetsa, kutsanulira dongo lokulitsidwa ndi kutalika pafupifupi 1 cm;
- timafalitsa ndi kupepuka dothi losakaniza. Mtunda wa 3 - 3.5 masentimita uyenera kutsalira m'mphepete mwa chidebe.
- timanyowetsa nthaka.
Kufika pakubzala kwa petunias. Popeza mbewu za chomera ndizochepa kwambiri, mukabzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu zosakaniza ndi mchenga. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbewu zomwe zili bwino bwino mu mphika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za petunia zobetchera, koma mtengo wake umakhala wokwera kwambiri kuposa wa wamba. Kuwaza nyemba za petunia ndi dothi sizikulimbikitsidwa. Ndikofunika kuwakanikiza mopepuka mpaka atakhudzana kwathunthu ndi nthaka.
Mutabzala petunia, mabokosi ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro. M'malo mwazinthu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito galasi kapena polyethylene. Poterepa, mbewuzo ziyenera kukakamizidwa kumka pamlengalenga.
Muzochitika zabwino (kutentha kwapakati pa 24ºº ndi chinyezi 98%), mbewu zimamera m'masiku 79.
Pali njira yosavuta, koma yodula kwambiri yopezera mbande zomera - kubzala petunias pamapiritsi a peat. Kuti muchite izi:
- magometi a peat omwe amathiridwa ndimadzi ofunda ndikudikirira kutupira ndi kuzirala kwake;
- ndi ma tweezers amaika mbewu za petunia pakabowo;
- madzi okwanira.
Zomera zimayikidwa mumiphika kapena m'nthaka limodzi ndi miyala. Zowonongeka pamizu zimathetsedwa kwathunthu. Poyambira wamaluwa, njira yolimitsira maluwa mbande ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Ampel petunia obzalidwa m'njira zofanana ndi chitsamba.
Kukula mbande za petunia
Mbewuzo zikamera ndi masamba oyamba azotuluka m'bokosi ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Thirani mbewuzo pang'onopang'ono ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa 18 ° C.
Pa gawo loyamba, petunia amakula pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, mizu ya mbewu imalimbitsidwa, ndipo zitatha izi zimayambira ndi masamba ake zimakulanso. Gawoli limatenga pafupifupi milungu 4 mpaka 5.
Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuwunika:
- chinyezi. Sichiyenera kukhala youma kapena kukhala ndi madzi.
- ntchito feteleza nthawi yake. Kwa petunias, feteleza zovuta kapena kukonzekera kokhala ndi potaziyamu kwambiri ndi koyenera.
- kuyatsa kokwanira. Masana, nyali ikuyenera kugwira ntchito yonse, ndipo usiku ndikofunikira kuyatsa, koma osazimitsa.
Pofuna kukula kwamaluwa olimba komanso ochulukitsa maluwa, pambuyo pakupanga masamba angapo, pamwamba pa duwa liyenera kukhomekedwa. Zomera zolimba zimasinthidwa kukhala zodyera zophatikiza, zowonjezereka ndikupitilira kusamalira mbande molingana ndi malamulo onse omwe ali pamwambawa.
Mwezi usanachitike kubzala kwa mitengo m'nthaka, mbewuzo zimazimitsidwa kwa masiku 10. Mu theka loyamba la nthawi, kutentha kwa masana pafupi ndi mbande kuyenera kukhala 18 ° C - 20 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku 16 ° C. M'masiku asanu otsatira, Zizindikiro izi zimachepetsedwa ndi 2ºº - 3ºะก. Pambuyo pochita izi, maluwa olimba sangasunthire mwachisawawa poyera.
Vidiyo: momwe mungabzalire mbande za petunia
Tikukula petunias pansi
Tiyeni tipitilize ku funso loti tingabzale bwanji bwino petulu pamalo okhazikika:
- kubzala chomera ndikabwino kwambiri nyengo yamvula kapena dzuwa litalowa;
- Ndikofunika kutchera mmera limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko kuchokera mumphika;
- dzenje la mmera liyenera kukhala losachepera 10 cm ndi mulifupi;
- mtunda pakati pa kubzala zimatengera mtundu wa duwa. Kwa petunias wokhala ndi maluwa akulu, ndikofunikira kuti azikhala ndi masentimita 23 - 25. Kwa petunias wokhala ndi maluwa ochepa, 18 cm - 20 cm ndikwanira.
- pambuyo pothira, maluwa amathiriridwa;
- kuti mupeze bwino mizu ya petunias, nthaka yozungulira chomera chovekeracho chitha kuphimbidwa ndi humus kapena peat. Malo oterako kwanthawi yayitali kuti akhalebe chinyezi komanso kuteteza maluwa kuti asazizidwe.
Chisamaliro cha Petunia
Kusamalira kwa Petunia kumakhala kuthirira mbewu, kudya nthawi ndi nthawi, kuchotsa maluwa.
Thirirani mbewu pokhapokha nthawi yowuma. M'pofunika kuchita izi mukadzalowa dzuwa. Mukathirira, madzi sayenera kuyenda. Ingolowetsani nthaka mozungulira mizu ya duwa.
Chovala chapamwamba choyamba chimachitika pakadutsa masiku 9 mpaka 11 chomera chija chikaikidwa kumalo osatha. Ndikofunika kuyamba kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Nitroammophosk angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kwa maluwa ambiri, pakapangidwa masamba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mwachitsanzo, superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu.
Petunia akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Manyowa ali ndi zonse zofunikira pomera. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wogula, ndikudzipangira nokha, moto kapena pachitofu.
Chofunikira pa kudyetsa koyenera kwa mbeu ndi chitsulo. Pakakhala chitsulo chokwanira, petunias amatha kudwala chlorosis. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera pamasamba: zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. "Ferovit" idzakulanditsani, pomwe mbewu zimapoperedwa nthawi 3-5 ndi gawo pakati pa kupopera kwa masiku awiri ndi atatu.
Maluwa owongoka ayenera kuchotsedwa pamtengowo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale masamba atsopano komanso nthawi yayitali yopanga maluwa. Kusangalatsa maluwa a petunia, kubzala ndi kuisamalira komwe kumachitika moyenera, kumakhala kochulukirapo ngati mupanga korona wokongola wa mbewuyo munthawi. Mwa izi, mphukira zazing'ono, kufunafuna kukula kwakukulu, kutsina. Njirayi imawonedwa ngati yolondola ngati kutsina kumachitika pambuyo pa masamba 4 - 5. Pambuyo pa opareshoni, mbewuzo zimatulutsa mphukira zochulukirapo, zofunikira popanga "chipewa" chokongola.
Kubzala moyenera ndikusamalira petunia kumabweretsa maluwa ataliatali komanso olemera. Kubzala mbewu za petunia mu kanema kumathandiza wamaluwa a novice kudziwa bwino njirayi.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu za mbande - werengani apa!
