Nthaka sili malo azomera zokha. Pamodzi ndi kaboni dayokisaidi, kuwala ndi madzi, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe sichimera mbewu zambiri. Makhalidwe a dothi, kapangidwe kake, acidity, madzi ndi kuperewera kwa mpweya, thanzi limathandiza kwambiri. Zolakwika pakusankha gawo lapansi ndizomwe zimadzetsa mavuto komanso ngozi zambiri. Njira yodalirika kwambiri yazomera zam'mimba ndizogulidwa, magawo omwe adapangidwa kale. Kusintha kwawo kosiyanasiyana masiku ano kumapangitsa chomera chilichonse kupezeka malo abwino okhala.
Dothi la zanyumba.
Mizu ya mbewu zamkati, kupatulapo mbewu zomwe zimamera pa hydroponics ndi epiphytes, ndi zina mwa zinthu zofunika pakukula kwatsopano. Mizu imatha kuyamwa zinthu izi mokhazikika, mulingo woyenera: osati chinyezi chokha, komanso kutengera kapangidwe kake komanso ngakhale acidity. Gawo laling'onolo limayambiranso malo okhala mbewu zamkati, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhudza chomeracho limodzi ndi kuyatsa ndi kutentha.
Katundu wa michere m'nthaka posachedwa, mphamvu zake zimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa ulimi wothirira pafupipafupi, ndipo mizu yazomera imangokhalira kusinthika, ndikukula pang'ono panjirayo. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, dothi liyenera kusintha. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumakulipilidwa ndikusiya - kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, komanso kusakhazikika kwa chilengedwe kumachisungidwa ndi wokhazikika kapena mothandizidwa, pakufalikira kumakula.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi lomwe mmerowo ungasangalale, wogwirizana ndi zosowa ndi zizolowezi - si ntchito yovuta. Zomera zamkati sizomera zamaluwa. Amakula m'magawo ocheperako, amazolowera komanso kukhazikika pokhazikika, samasintha bwino komanso amakhala opusa. Ndipo dothi wamba lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa m'munda kapena paki silingawathandize (kupatula zina).
Chifukwa chiyani magawo ogulidwa nthawi zonse amakhala njira yabwino yothetsera
Ochita maluwa odziwa zambiri, komanso omwe amakonda maluwa okonda maluwa, komanso ulimi wamaluwa, nthawi zambiri samakonda kugula magawo omwe adapangidwa kale, koma kuti muwapange nokha. Koma zoona zake ndizotheka kupanga dothi losakaniza bwino la mbeu pokhapokha pokhapokha, chifukwa muyenera kukhala ndi zida zokwanira - peat yapamwamba, tsamba, malo a sod, kompositi, humus, mchenga komanso chidziwitso komanso luso. Zowonadi, nthawi zambiri ngakhale kudziwa komwe kusakaniza magawo ndi momwe mungasinthire dothi kusakanikira sikokwanira. Ndipo, monga lamulo, gawo lililonse lokonzekera palokha la mbewu limakhala lotsika pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi machitidwe omwe amasakanizidwa ndi nthaka yabwino kwambiri.
Chovuta chachikulu chomwe chingapangidwe posankha dothi ndikuganiza kuti mbewu zitha kuzika mizu “panthaka” iliyonse. Dothi lomwe lasonkhana paki, dimba, dimba lakhitchini, ziribe kanthu kuti ndiwofunda bwanji komanso labwino kwambiri, sizomwe mbewu zam'nyumba zimafunikira. Kuti izi zitheke kukhala gawo lokhazikika, zofunikira zambiri zidzafunika. Palibe ngakhale imodzi mwa nyumba zolimba kwambiri za Spartan yomwe ingamve bwino mu "nthaka" yamtchire. Zomera zomwe mtundu wamtunduwu umaloledwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochulukirapo, zomwe zimamera m'munda komanso chipinda.
Mtundu uliwonse "wosavuta" wapansi uli ndi zoperewera zake. Dothi lomwe limasonkhanitsidwa mumzinda (ngakhale eco ndi arboretums wabwino kwambiri) limadetsedwa ndi zitsulo zolemera komanso poizoni. Malo olimidwa ndi mchere, nthaka yam m'nkhalango imachulukanso ngakhale m'munda wa munthu wina, ngakhale minda yawo itha kudwala matenda, bowa, tizirombo, udzu, kuphatikiza nthawi ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale peat yomwe mumasonkhanitsa posungira sichikhala nthawi zonse kuti ikhale peat yomweyi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazomera zophika.
Sterility, kusokonekera, zovuta, kuchuluka kwa mchere wambiri ndi kufunika kwa zakudya ndizofunikira zokwanira kuti musankhe bwino ndi dothi lopangidwa kale. Zachidziwikire, mudzawononga ndalama pazigawo zing'onozing'onozi. Ndipo nthawi zina zosakaniza zapadera zimakhala zotsika mtengo konse. Koma monga lamulo, ndalama zambiri kuposa kulipira chabe.
Okonzeka gawo lapansi la mbewu zamkati.
Ubwino wambiri wosakanikirana ndi dothi losakanikirana:
- Zapangidwa mwapadera kuti zizikhala ndi zapamwamba, zapadera, zolembedwa, zomwe popirira ndi zosowa zawo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mbewu zaminda;
- kapangidwe kawo ka mankhwala kamalamuliridwa mosamalitsa, kamakwaniritsa zofunikira za mbewu zomwe;
- mbewu zimatetezedwa ku microflora yoyipa ndi ma tizilombo;
- madzi ndi mpweya kupezekanso, kapangidwe kake, kachulukidwe, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kamalamulidwe;
- magawo otere ndi osabala, otetezedwa ku tizirombo ta dothi ndi spores matenda;
- kupezeka kwa zakudya, zowonjezera mchere zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zam'nyumba zam'madzi mu micro ndi micronutrients;
- magawo omwe ali osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, safunikira kukonzanso kowonjezera ndikusunga nthawi.
Mavuto amachitika ndi magawo omalizidwa.
Ngakhale kuti magawo ogulidwa sanakayikirepo phindu podzipangira nokha, mavuto mu mbewu zokulira, kusowa chisamaliro kapena "miscalculations" samaphatikizidwa.
Poyamba, kusankha kolakwika kwa mitundu yosakanikirana ndi dothi kapena kugula kwa magawo otsika mtengo a osadziwika kungakudabwitseni mopanda chidwi ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha makampani omwe mumawadziwa omwe amakhazikika mu dothi ndi feteleza omwe atsimikizira mtundu wa malonda awo. Pogula gawo lapansi lotsika mtengo, ngakhale mawonekedwe pa phukusi si chitsimikizo. Zowonadi, nthawi zina, mutatsegula paketi, mutha kupeza kuti, m'malo mophatikiza mwapamwamba, dothi limakhala la peat, dothi lamchenga kapena mchenga wokhala ndi zowonjezera zosadziwika. Kugula kokha m'masitolo apadera, m'masitolo akuluakulu, osati kumsika, kungakuthandizeni kukutetezani.
Kachiwiri, palibe gawo limodzi lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Ngati zolakwa zimapangidwa mukuthirira, ndiye kuti zosakaniza zamtundu wapamwamba zimatha kuthiridwa mchere, kuphatikiza, ndikusokera ndikutumphuka kwamkati.
Chachitatu, kusinthika kosayembekezereka, kapena kusakhalapo, kumayambitsa kufooka kwa nthaka ndikukula kwa mizu kotero kuti sizingatheke kuweruza mtundu uliwonse wa gawo lapansi pakapita nthawi. Kusakaniza kwina kulikonse kwa nthaka "kumagwira ntchito" nthawi yomwe idapatsidwira, mutangobzala kumalola kuti pasakhale feteleza kwa miyezi ingapo, komanso kwa zaka 1-2 kumangokhala feteleza wokhazikika pamagawo olimba.
Dothi lokonzeka kuti lizipeza mbewu zamkati mu phukusi.
Kapangidwe ndi acidity ndi magawo awiri omwe muyenera kuyang'anira ngakhale osakanizidwa dothi
Magawo ogulidwa ndi osiyana kwambiri mawonekedwe. Koma ndi maso, sizingatheke kudziwa ngati zomwe mapaketi a dothi amafanana ndi mafotokozedwe ake kuchokera kwa wopanga. Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika mtundu wa gawo lomwe lapezedwa, nthawi zonse amayang'ana kwambiri mawonekedwe omwe akuwoneka mosavuta (pakusapezeka kapena kukhalapo kwa kapangidwe kake).
Zomera zamkati, kaya ndi zamtundu wanji, nthaka yokhala ndi mawonekedwe otchulidwa imakondedwa - ndi zotumphuka, heterogeneity, komanso mawonekedwe ena oyipa. M'nthaka, mbewu sizikhala ndi vuto louma pansi ndikuumitsa nthaka yayitali, chinyezi chimasungidwa bwino ndikugawidwa, dothi silikhala lozolowereka komanso lophatikizana, limasunga mpweya ngakhale patadutsa zaka zingapo mutabadwa. Magawo omwe amawoneka kuti ndi ophatikizika kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi acidization, coker, yosasungika komanso yosagawa chinyezi.
Acidity acidity nthawi zonse imawonetsedwa ngakhale pamtundu wapadziko lonse pompaka. Kupatula apo, mbewu zamkati sizimataya zikhalidwe zawo ndipo sizili konse zofunikira mokhudzana ndi zofunikira za nthaka. Zachidziwikire, mbewu zambiri zamkati zimamva bwino m'malo osaloledwa, koma pali mbewu zomwe zimakula bwino ndikupanga dothi lokhala ndi zamchere pang'ono kapena zamchere, ndi mitundu yomwe imafunikira malo achilengedwe.
Mtengo wapakati wazomera zam'mimba umawonedwa kuti ndi pH ya 6.0. Dothi lokhala ndi pH ya 5.5 ndi kutsika limayikidwa pang'ono komanso acidic, ndipo pafupifupi 7.0 ndikukwera monga calcareous kapena alkaline.
Mabelu am'nyumba, calceolaria, ophiopogon, chlorophytum amakonda kukula mu nthaka yamchere.
Dothi louma pang'ono (pH pafupifupi 5.5) ndi mulingo woyenera wa acalifa, alocasia, gerbera, camellia, maluwa a calla, cordilina, cypress, dieffenbachia, wowawasa, ferns, pachyphytus, pittosporum, sanseviera, cestrum, cyclamen. Indoor rhododendrons, ceropegia, osasmia, euphorbia, hydrangea, bergerantus ndi ena amakonda nthaka ndi pH kuyambira 4.0 mpaka 5.0.
Potanthauzira kwa chomera chilichonse, kuphatikiza pa njira yoyenera yosinthira pafupipafupi, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe amafunikira nthaka kapena kapangidwe kazinthu zimasonyezedwa nthawi zonse. Mukamasankha gawo laling'onoting'ono la mbewu zamkati, ndibwino kuti musayime osankha "pokhapokha", koma onetsetsani nthaka yomwe ili yoyenera pachinyama chilichonse ndikusankha gawo limodzi payokha. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zambiri zosungidwa mchipinda zimafunikira mtundu wofanana - zaponseponse, zotayirira, zopatsa thanzi, zopanda kanthu. Chifukwa chake mitundu yambiri ya dothi yokhala ndi magawo abwino osakhazikika sidzafunika kugula, kungopeza dothi limodzi lokhalo pazoyambira zosakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana zapadera zamitundu yamitundu ya mbewu zofunikira mwapadera.
Gawo lapadera la ma orchid olima m'nyumba.
Mitundu yoyambirira yamitundu yonse ndi mitundu yapadera yapansipansi
Kusankha mtundu wa gawo lapansi si ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Opanga onse amawonetsa acidity ndi kapangidwe kake pa ma CD, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mndandanda wazomera kapena njira zogwiritsirira ntchito zomwe dothi losakanikirana ndiloyenera. Kufunsirana za dothi kumatha kupezeka kwa ogulitsa, koma ngati mulibe chitsimikizo, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala zambiri zopangidwa ndi wopanga.
Universal, kapena osakanikirana, osakanikirana dothi wogulitsa ndiofala kwambiri. Opanga osiyanasiyana amadzitcha mosiyana - kuchokera ku "nthaka" mpaka mayina amtundu. Dothi loterolo ndi loyenerera magulu osiyanasiyana a mbewu, limawerengedwa kuti "wapakati" mwa mawonekedwe ake. Zachikhalidwe chosazengereza komanso chosafunikira kwambiri mkati mwake chimakhazikika mosangalala.
Ma gawo apadera - zosakaniza za dothi zomwe zimapangidwa ndikusankhidwa mwachindunji mtundu winawake, mitundu kapena banja la mbewu. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ndi mawonekedwe awo osiyanitsira. Magawo apadera amasiyana pakapangidwe, kupepuka, kukongola, zina zowonjezera ngati makungwa a paini kapena sphagnum, mu acidity, digiri ya zakudya. Nthawi zonse amakhala bwino kuposa chilengedwe, chifukwa amakwaniritsa zosowa zonse zapakhomo. Mtundu wa gawo lapansi umasankhidwa molingana ndi malangizo pawokha pazomwe zimomera zomwezo.
Mitundu yapadera ya gawo lapansi ndi:
- zosakaniza za dothi zokongoletsera kapena zokongoletsera zokongoletsa;
- magawo a cacti ndi othandizira;
- magawo a mitengo ya kanjedza (nthawi zina - zosakaniza za dothi za yucca, dracaena);
- dothi la zipatso, jasmine, tubular;
- dothi lokulitsa maluwa a m'nyumba;
- dothi la violets.
Komanso, nthawi zambiri dothi losankhidwa mwapadera ndiloyenera mbewu zomwe zili zofanana ndi zomwe zimalembedwedwa mdzina. Chifukwa chake, dothi la violets ndi loyenera kwa onse a Gesnerievs, a dracaena kapena yucca - komanso hibiscus, arrowroot - chifukwa cha ferns ndi calathea, dimba - kwa Marens onse, gloxinia - kwa begonias ndi mosemphanitsa, azalea - a camellias, ndi maluwa - ma chrysanthemums , carnation ndi gerberas. Ma gawo apadera a cyclamens - nthaka yabwino kwambiri yolima primroses iliyonse. Koma dothi la orchid ndi dothi lapadera kwambiri kwa ma orchid okha.
Kwa wopanga aliyense, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe ake panthaka pazomera zomwe zimawoneka zofanana nthawi zambiri zimasiyana.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya dothi, zosakaniza ndi matope pobzala ndi kufalitsa mbewu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudula, komanso magawo osiyanasiyana ophatikizira, kuphatikiza dothi lochokera kokonati, amagulitsidwanso.
