Ambiri oyambira wamaluwa pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira amasiya nkhawa zawo ndikusiya mabedi mpaka masika popanda chidwi chachikulu. Komabe, ife omwe takhala tikusamalira nthaka kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, tikudziwa kuti nthawi yokolola chaka chamawa idalira kwambiri momwe dimba limalowera nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, musanalole kuti mupumule, muyenera kupanga zikhalidwe zingapo zaulimi zomwe zidzakhale maziko olimba ndi zipatso za masamba, komanso zovuta zochepa chaka chamawa.
Nambala 1. Ukhondo!
Lamulo lalikulu la zokolola zambiri ndi ndalama zochepa ogwira ntchito ndikulondola! Inde inde! Momwe timayendera bwino za mabedi athu mochenjera ndimomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Ambiri mwa adani a wolima samangopatsira mbewu nyengo, koma, otsalira pazinyalala za mbewu, mozizira bwino ndikuwononga mbewu zamwaka wotsatira.
Timayeretsa dimba la zinyalala zachomera.
Chifukwa chake, ngati zokolola za chaka chino zasonkhanitsidwa mwachidwi, zotsalira za mbewu zomwe zalimidwa, namsongole, ndi zinyalala zamphepo zimatha kudziunjikira m'mabedi. Pofika nthawi yozizira, ayenera kusungidwa mosamala ndikuyika mulu wa kompositi, ndipo zina mwa mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo kapena kuwotcha kwathunthu.
Nambala yalamulo 2. Kukumba kwa Autumn, ngati maziko akukonzekera kubzala kwa masika
Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo pamtunda, nthaka imagwiritsanso ntchito kukumba kwa yophukira. Pankhaniyi masiku ano, anthu ambiri olima mundawo akutsutsana, koma ngati mungayang'ane zabwino zomwe alimiwo ali nazo, zimapezeka kuti ndizothandiza kuposa zovulaza. Chifukwa chiyani?
Malo okumbidwa pansi amawomba bwino - Ichi ndi njira yabwino yopewera nyengo yachisanu momwemo fungal, virus, matenda ndi tizilombo tina. Imadzazidwa ndi mpweya. Imapeza mawonekedwe otayirira kwambiri. Chimagwira chisanu bwino. Ndi bwino odzipereka ndi kasupe chinyezi. Zina za udzu zomwe zinagwera panthawi yophukira zimagwera pansi mwakuya kuti sizingakwere. Ndipo nthawi yophukira, ndizosavuta kusamalira bedi lomwe limathandizidwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, zili kukumba kwa yophukira, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga feteleza wamkulu, laimu, dongo ndi zinthu zina zofunika kukonza nthaka. M'dzinja lokha pokhapokha pokhapokha patadutsa malo olima omwe angalimbe ndi nthaka.
Chifukwa chake, sizingatheke kusintha kukumba kwa nthawi yophukira, makamaka dothi lolemera ndi asidi, ndikuyika kukumba kwa kasupe, popeza ali ndi ntchito ndi maubwino osiyanasiyana. Ndi dothi lopepuka lokha njira yolimirayi ingasiyidwe mokomera ntchito ya masika, ndikubwezeretsa yophukira yophukira yophukira panthaka.
Kodi kukumba dothi mu kugwa?
Kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zazikulu pakukumba kwa yophukira, muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale:
- gawo loyamba ndikutsuka mabedi kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zimalimidwa;
- yachiwiri - kumasula kwa nthaka kuti ipangitse funde yatsopano ya udzu;
- chachitatu ndi chisanadze nyengo yozizira kukumba yokha.
Nthawi zambiri, kukumba kwa yophukira kumachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala (komwe nthawi yachisanu imayamba kale) mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala (komwe nthawi yophukira imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha). Chachikulu ndikuneneratu za nthawi yamvula isanayambe.
Dothi limatuluka pansi pa fosholo musamasule, koma siyani mumavala. Munthawi imeneyi, kumazizira bwino, kumakumana ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo m'malo omwe muli kotsikira kumakhala madzi osungunuka.
Kukumba kuya kumasankhidwa kutengera mtundu womwe wakumbidwa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala 20 cm, koma ambiri kuyambira 15 mpaka 35 cm.
M'mayiko omwe akufuna kuwonjezera chonde chonde kamodzi zaka zitatu, kuya kokumba kumakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-5 ndikutembenukira kwadongosolo komanso kuyambitsa feteleza.
Timakonza mabedi.
Pa dothi lobzalidwa bwino nthawi yophukira, dothi silinatembenuzidwenso.
Nambala 3. Chizindikiro
Zimachitika kuti mbewu zomwe zili pamabedi zidawonongeka kwambiri ndi matenda chifukwa chake dothi pambuyo pawo lifunika kuti litayilitsidwenso. Yankho labwino pano sikuti mukungokumba kwambiri ndi zotulutsira madziwo, komanso kufesa manyowa obiriwira (mwachitsanzo, mpiru yoyera), kufalitsa manyowa oswedwa pang'ono, kufalitsa phulusa, kulimbana ndi michere iliyonse yokonzekera, kuthira nthaka ndi madzi otentha. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kubzala mitengo ya marigold m'nthaka. Ngati palibe zakumwambazi zili pafupi - ikani udzu m'mundawo ndikuwutentha.
Palinso mankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito pochotsa dothi, koma muyenera kusamala nawo kwambiri: bulichi - yikani miyezi 6 musanabzalire mbewu pa 100-200 g pa lalikulu mita, Bordeaux madzi ndi 2% mkuwa sulfate - simumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri 1 mu zaka 5 chifukwa cha zamkuwa.
Lamulo 4. Umuna woloza
Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolimbikitsira mundawo ndi feteleza waukulu ndikukumba kwa yophukira. Nthawi imeneyi dothi limatha kulipidwa organic, phosphorous, potaziyamundipo ngati pakufunika kutero, kuyerekezera, kugwiritsa ntchito dongo kapena mchenga.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza zachilengedwe, ndowe ndi ng'ombe ndiye njira yabwino koposa. Umabalalika pamabedi ambiri 3 - 6 kg pa 1 sq. m, ndikuukumbira mosamala, ndikuwubzala m'nthaka tsiku lomwelo, mpaka akuya masentimita 15. Zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito manyowa zimawonedwa zaka 4 mpaka 7 (kutengera mtundu wa dothi), motero sikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito chaka chilichonse, koma ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito - Zaka 4. Kuphatikiza apo, si zikhalidwe zonse zomwe zimayankha bwino, chifukwa chake zimayambitsidwa pansi pazomwe zimayankhidwa kwambiri - mbatata, nkhaka, kabichi, tomato.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndiy kuphatikiza kwa organic kanthu ndi mchere feteleza. Koma apa ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti sizikupanga nzeru kuwonjezera nayitrogeni pansi pa nthawi yophukira, koma gulu la phosphorous-potaziyamu lokha. Potaziyamu sulfate ikhoza kukhala chisankho chabwino pano - ili ndi calcium, magnesium ndipo palibe chlorine, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka iliyonse. Kuti mupeze dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga woterera - kalimag. Mwa feteleza wa phosphate - superphosphate, mwala wa phosphate.
Timamanga mabedi ofunda.
Zopanda zovuta feteleza zolembedwa "Autumn" ndichabwino kwambiri pakuchedwa. Masiku ano zimatha kugulitsidwa osati kokha ndi malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito chikhalidwe china, komanso m'mapaketi olembedwa "kwa sitiroberi", "mphesa". Izi zimathandizira kusankha ndikusanthula kuwerenga.
Lamulo 5. Mabedi ofunda
Mwini wabwino sataya chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yosonkhanitsa zinyalala zam'munda, wamaluwa ambiri amapanga mabedi ofunda. Zinyalala zamasamba, masamba agwa, nthambi zodulidwa zikungopita kumakumba zokumba. M'nyengo yozizira, izi zonse zimayenda ndipo zimakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri chomera.
Lamulo 6. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lopanda kanthu
M'malo okhala ndi mphepo yayikulu, pamalo otsetsereka, ngakhale malo omwe akufuna kale kukonzanso, njira yabwino kwambiri yazomera ndi ikamatera siderates yozizira. Amatha kukhala akugwiririra, rye yozizira, vetch yozizira kapena oats. Kupatula kuti mizu yawo imasula dothi, ndipo masamba ambiri amakhala feteleza wabwino kwambiri, amabweretsa zokolola izi ndi zina: amateteza chipale chofewa pansi, kuteteza nthaka kuti isachokere komanso nyengo ikhale yotentha, komanso kuteteza masimba (mwachitsanzo, sitiroberi) ku masika a masika.
Werengani nkhani yathu mwatsatanetsatane: Kodi ndi siderata uti wofesa mchaka?
Mutha kubzala siderata m'magawo angapo: mu Ogasiti, kenako kubzala pambuyo pake kuyenera kubwerezedwa, kapena mu Seputembala. Ngati mbewuzo zidakhazikitsidwa ku deti lomaliza - zilibe kanthu - zimaphuka mu kasupe ndikukhalabe ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa ntchito yawo.
Lamulo 7. Kufika nyengo yozizira
Sichikhala chopanda pake kuganiza za malo obiriwira nthawi yachisanu chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu. Mbewu zobzalidwa kuphukira zimaphuka masabata awiri m'mbuyomu, zimapereka mbande zolimba, zosagwira matenda, sinthani nthawi yamalimwe ndikulola kufesanso. Nthawi zambiri, kaloti, beets, saladi, katsabola ndi parsley amafesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, adyo ndi anyezi amabzala.
Timagwira nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira kuyambiranso nyengo yachisanu kuposa nyengo yokhazikika ya thermometer m'chigawo cha 0 ° C ndikupitilizabe pansi oyamba kukhazikitsa mabedi okonzedwa kale.
Werengani zambiri zathu: Zomera za chisanu
Lamulo 8. Kutembenuza kwambewu.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, kuzungulira kwa mbewu. Mkhalidwe wa dothi, udzu wamundawo, kuchuluka kwa tizirombo, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya komanso matenda oyamba, komanso kufunika kopanga feteleza ena kumatengera momwe amaganiziridwira bwino. Chifukwa chake, ngati kulibe - ndi nthawi yophukira pomwe mabedi amakhala opanda kanthu, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, kunyamula cholembera, phunzirani zikhalidwe ndi kupanga mapulani osinthana.
Werengani za zinthu zomwe zimasinthira mbewu: Zoyambira zamasamba oyambira ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbewu ndi njira zisanu zokusinthirani mbewu munyumba yazilimwe.
