Gerbera ndi chomera cha herbaceous mu banja la Astrov chomwe chidabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South Africa. Wopezedwa ndi wasayansi wachi Dutch Jan Gronovius mu 1717. Anatchedwa Dokotala waku Germany Gerber. Zinatchuka kwambiri atatulukira za Robert Jameson zamtunduwu, zomwe tsopano amazitcha kutiulemu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa makumi asanu ndi awiri mwa mitundu yake, koma sigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi. Odziwika kwambiri ndi gerbera jameson ndi gerbera greenleaf.
Mitunduyi ndi maziko a mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana (makamaka 4 mpaka 15 cm) ndi mitundu (kupatula buluu) (pafupifupi mitundu yonse yomwe imakulidwa ndi gerbrera wosakanizidwa, wochokera ku mitundu ya Jameson ndi tsamba lobiriwira).
Rosalin ndi Lancaster ndi Pink Gerberas.
Alice, Sympathy, Mirage, Rudite - Orange Gerberas.
Tamara, Elegans, Gelios - Yellow Gerberas.
Kusintha kwa Gerbera ndi mtundu watsopano - umakula msanga ndipo kumatulutsa nthawi yayitali, unapangidwa makamaka kuti ukhale ngaphakathi. Akanena kuti gebrera wamkati, amatanthauza mitundu yamitundu yotsika.
Gerbera chipinda chisamaliro kunyumba
Kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chimodzimodzi, koma kusamalira ambiri kumakhala ndi zovuta zake, choncho muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasamalire gerbera. Maluwa amafunika kuyatsa kowala, koma kuwateteza ku dzuwa lowala. Chapakatikati, mbewu zimatha kusungidwa khonde lowoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi yotentha zibzalidwe poyera. Onjezerani zowunikira zowonjezera nyengo yachisanu.
Maluwa amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuyatsa. Ngakhale duwa limakhala losalala, zochulukirapo zimatha kusokoneza maluwa. Maluwa awa amafunika kukhala ndi maola opitilira maola 12 masana. Chifukwa chake maluwa ambiri oterewa amawonekera m'dzinja. Kudzera pakuyatsa kwanyumba, mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa nthawi yozizira. Chilimwe ndi nthawi yodekha - palibe impso zimapangidwa, misa yobiriwira ikupezeka.
Ngati gerbera sikhala pachimake, ndiye kuti mwapita patali kwambiri ndi feteleza kapena kuwabzala mumphika wokulirapo kuposa momwe mukufunira komanso mphamvu zonse za mbewu zofunika kuti maluwa azikula. Maluwa amakula bwino ndikukula kokha. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi 20-24 ° C.
Kusamalira chipinda cha gerbera mutamaliza maluwa kumangotulutsa ma inflorescence olowa pansi pamzu, apo ayi ayamba kuvunda ndikupangitsa matenda.
Momwe mungathiritsire gerbera mumphika
Kubwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South Africa, alendo otentha amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kuthirira gerbera mumphika ndi madzi ofunda okha - 20 ° ะก osati kutsika, apo ayi nthendayo ikatsatira. Onetsetsani kuti utsi umatulutsa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda. Kupitilira muyeso padziko lapansi kumavulazanso - masamba omwe ali pansipa ayamba kuvunda. Ngakhale munthaka yonyowa, nyongolotsi zoyipa zimayamba.
Momwe mungayikitsire kachilomboka mutagula
Mukamagula gerbera mumphika, kumbukirani kuti kusunthira pamtunda wobiriwira kupita ku nyumba kumakhala kovutitsa duwa, chifukwa chake dikirani kusintha. Ndikofunika kudikirira mpaka kusinthako kuchitika, nthawi zambiri kumatenga milungu ingapo.
Kuyika kwa Gerbera kumakhala ndi zake zake. Simungathe kuthana ndikusintha nthawi yamaluwa - izi zimagwetsa maluwa osiyanasiyana. Mukabwezeretsa, sankhani mphika 3cl wamkulu kuposa kale. Konzani dothi labwino. Timalimbikitsa kubzala m'nthaka: loboti ziwiri zamtunda, gawo la peat, kachigawo ka mchenga. Musagwiritse ntchito kompositi ndi humus - zimavulaza izi.
Ma feteleza a Gerbera amasiyana magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko
M'miyezi yoyambirira ya masika komanso nthawi yotentha, munthawi yakukula kwamasamba obiriwira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga nitrogen, koma kumbukirani kuti mukufuna yankho lofooka, ndiye kuti muyenera kulipiritsa ndi madzi ambiri kuposa momwe malangizo amanenera. Pa maluwa, feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kachiwiri - feteleza ayenera kuchepetsedwa mwamphamvu.
Monga mukuwonera, kusamalira gerbera kunyumba kumafuna chisamaliro ndi chidziwitso china.
Kufalitsa kwa Gerbera ndi mbewu kunyumba
Kuti tikule gerbera kuchokera kumbewu kunyumba, tifunika kuzifesa mumiphika ndi gawo lapansi la peat ndi mchenga mu Marichi ndikuphimba ndi galasi, musaiwale kupukusa tsiku ndi tsiku. Dziko lapansi liyenera kusunga chinyezi, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukhala m'chigawo cha 18 ° C.
Mbewu zikamera ndi masamba 2-3, zimayatsidwa, ndipo masambawo atasanduka 4-5, kenako pansi pansi pamiphika yayikulu. Koma mbewu sizikhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zochulukirapo.
Kufalikira kwa tsamba la Gerbera
Kuti muchite izi, dulani mbali ya tsinde ndi mfundo ndi tsamba ndikubzala m'nthaka yofunda (pafupifupi 25 ° C). Pakupita sabata limodzi, tsamba limazika mizu, liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndikugawanitsa nyembazo m'magulu ndikubzala. kuchita izi kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi.
Monga momwe zimafalira ndi gerbera ndi njere, mukamagwiritsa ntchito tsamba, zilembo zamitundu mitundu zimasowa.
Kufalitsa Gerbera pogawa chitsamba
Njira yodalirika ndiyo kuswana ndi kachilombo pakugawa tchire.
Chitsamba cha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi chimagawika magawo azidutswa ndi mizu, kenako nkubzala. Tchire limamera kwa nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndikuyamba kuphuka pafupifupi chaka mutabzala. Koma njirayi mwina imasunga machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Timalimbikitsa kuti azisamalira gerbera kunyumba.
Matenda a nyumba ndi Gerbera
Chifukwa masamba amasanduka achikasu kuchipinda cha gerbera
- Ngati kufalikira kwawonekera mukangogula, ndiye kuti mwina duwa limangosintha kumene, koma ngati chikasu sichinadutse sabata, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuganizira zina;
- Kuperewera kwa chinyontho, chomera sichitha;
- Kuthirira kwambiri panthawi yakula kumathandizanso kuti izi zitheke;
- Koma nthawi zambiri masamba amatembenukira chikaso chifukwa chosowa kapena kuwala kwakukulu. Ikani chomera chanu moyenera ndipo chilichonse chitha.
Ngati gerbera kufota masamba
- Mwambiri, mwaphwanya mulingo wamadzi chomera - pang'ono kapena madzi. Ngati masamba ayamba kuvunda, iduleni nthawi yomweyo.
Yankho lomweli lafunso "bwanji maluwa a gerbera afota?"
- Mfundo yonse ili mgonero wamadzi, madzi momwe duwa limafunira, ndipo lidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika masamba a gerbera amawuma.
- Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo izi: kuwala kolakwika kapena madzi;
- Vuto acidity. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhala m'dera kuyambira 4,7 mpaka 5.4 pH;
- Kudyetsa kolakwika kwa feteleza.
Nthawi zambiri matenda a maluwa amenewa, omwe amachititsa kuti masamba awume, ndi fusarium.
Kuchiritsa duwa, ndikofunikira kusintha nthaka ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, koma osagwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso, chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa malonda kungayambitse kufooka kwa nthaka m'nthaka.
Nthawi zambiri, kuyera kwamtundu wamadzi kumaonekera pamasamba a gerbera. Pangakhalenso zofotokozera zingapo za izi.
Marte mame - imatsimikizika ndikupukutira pepalalo. Ngati dothi loyera lasonkhanaumphuka, ndipo tsamba lakhala loyera - ndiye mame.
- Mankhwalawa amachitidwa motere, yankho la potaziyamu permanganate lakonzedwa: magalamu amodzi ndi theka pa malita khumi amadzi. Imagwira bwino kwambiri pamayambiriro a matendawa.
- Mullein kulowetsedwa - gawo limodzi m'magawo atatu amadzi. Ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawa amveke kwa masiku atatu. Kenako umasefedwa ndikuwazidwa pachomera masiku 7 aliwonse. Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito seramu yosavuta. Amadzipaka ndi madzi 1: 7 ndikusakanizidwa ndi supuni ya mkuwa wa sulfate.
Osa- imapangira zokutira kwa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati ulusi. Ngati singadulidwe mwachangu ndikutetezedwa, ndiye kuti mutha kutaya mbewu.
Zola zowola - Ichi ndi bowa womwe umapanga mtundu wofiirira wonyezimira. Cannon ndi chiyambi chabe, kenako chomera. Matendawa amafalikira mwachangu.
- Mankhwala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zili pamwambazi.
Ngati gerbera yobzyala panthaka, ndiye kuti imatha kudwala nseru. Musanavule munyumba, onetsetsani kuti mwawachiritsa ndi mankhwala.
