Kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo, cyclamen ya ku Persia imatisangalatsa ndi maluwa ake okongola osiyanasiyana - kuyambira oyera-oyera mpaka ofiira amdima, kudzera muutoto wonse wamitundu yayitali ndi yofiirira. Nthawi zambiri maluwa amenewa amanunkhira. Kodi mungakulitse bwanji maluwa okongola kunyumba?
Kugula Persian Cyclamen
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chomera chathanzi?
Nthawi zambiri timagula cyclamen yathu yoyamba sitolo. Ma Cyclamens pachimake kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo ndipo nthawi yabwino kukaona malo ogulitsa maluwa ndi kumapeto kwa Okutobala, kuyambira Novembala. Mwa mtundu wa masamba ndi maluwa oyamba, mudzatenga zomwe mukufuna.
Ngati ndinu woyamba kuyesa, yesani kusankha duwa labwino mukamagulaNdikofunika kuti chomeracho chisakhale chokongola komanso chathanzi. Sikovuta kutsimikizira izi mwakuwunika mosamala:
- Masamba azikhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi mtundu woyambirira wa siliva kapena kamvekedwe kakang'ono;
- Zoyenda molunjika ndizowongoka;
- Masamba ndi maluwa ndiakulu, mtunduwo ndi wokhutira, utoto ndi;
- Tuber iyenera protrude pamwamba pa nthaka.
Komwe mungayike cyclamen: chisamaliro chakunyumba
Ndikofunikira kupanga nyengo yakunyumba yofanana ndi yomwe ili yachilengedwe kwa cyclamen yaku Persia. Pokhapokha ngati amasamalidwa bwino, duwa lidzakutsegulirani muulemerero wake wonse.
Kutentha
Malo ake achilengedwe amakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 15 Celsius, kuyatsa kokwanira, koma kopanda dzuwa mwachindunji, ndi mpweya wonyowa.
Onetsetsani kuti duwa silouma kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwala kwambiri.Mpweya wotentha ukangolowa ma degree 20, mpweya ndi nthaka zikhala zouma, munthu wathu wokongola adzauma masamba ndi kugona tchuthi chatsopano komanso chonyowa chisanachitike.
Ikani mbewuyo kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chipinda chogona kapena chipinda china "chachete". Duwa sililekerera zipinda zokhala ndi madontho pafupipafupi kutentha, kusanja, mafungo amphamvu. Khitchini, hallway, chipinda chochezera chidzafooketsa cyclamen, ifota ndikutha.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Chinyezi pafupifupi 50% ndi chokwanira mkhalidwe wabwinobwino wa cyclamen. Sikovuta kupanga chinyezi chotere; ikani, ngati kuli kofunikira, kachigawo kakang'ono kamadzi pafupi ndi mphika. Simungathe kupopera mbewu.
Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chomera momwe nthaka imawuma. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala pamphepete mkati mwa mphikawo. Madzi sayenera kugwera pa tuber.
Ngati chinyezi chikufika pa tuber kuvunda kumachitika, chifukwa choti mmera ungafe.
Madzi owonjezera kuchokera poto amathiridwa nthawi yomweyo mutathirira. Kuthirira mu poto ndikosavuta potengera chitetezo cha tuber kukula, koma ndikuwoneka ndi chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimapangitsanso kuwola ndi kufa kwa mizu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kutsirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kudyetsa cyclamen ndi mankhwala aliwonse azomera zam'mimba. Muyenera kuwerenga malangizo mosamala ndikukonzekera yankho lofooka kuposa momwe analimbikitsira. Muyenera kudyetsa maluwa zosaposa 2 kawiri pamwezi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa) kwa cyclamen sikovomerezeka.
Kuchoka mu Epulo ndizosiyana: timadyetsa mbewuyi kamodzi kokha. Afunika kukonzekera nthawi yopuma.
Ndikofunika kuwona pafupipafupi umuna, mwinanso mutha kuwononga duwaMtengowo ukangosiya chinyezi chake ndikuyamba kumera masamba, uyenera kudyetsedwa, kuphatikiza kudyetsa ndi kuthirira.
Thirani
Kubzala koyamba kuyenera kuchitika maluwa atatha, masamba ambiri adzauma. Masamba owuma ndi ma peduncle amapotozedwa mosamala momwe amawonekera ndipo pofika nthawi yomwe adzagulitsidwa palibe ambiri omwe atsalira.
Sikuti ndikofunika kusinthira cyclamen mukangogula, apo ayi ataya maluwa. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira pokhapokha m'malo acidization kapena chinthu china chosasowa chomwe chikufuna kusintha gawo lapansi.
Kusankha kwa mphika
Miphika ya ceramic ndi yabwino kwa mbewu zamkati zambiri. Ndiwachilengedwe. Pulasitiki simadutsa mpweya ndi chinyezi. Kuipa uku kumalipidwa ndi kumasula nthaka.
Pansi pa mphikawo pamafunika kukhala ndi bowo kuti madzi okuya kwambiri. Miphika yakuya siyabwino, mizu ya cyclamen ili pansi pa dziko lapansi.
Mphika "wokula" suyenera. Iyenera kukhala yayitali masentimita awiri kapena atatu kuposa wakalewo: cyclamen sakonda zotengera zazitali kwambiri.
Dothi
Kwa cyclamen, dothi lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limagulidwa m'sitolo ndiloyenera. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kukonzekera nokha kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la humus, gawo limodzi la dimba ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga.
Munaganiza zokonzekera gawo lapansi? Onani kuchuluka kwake!Ngati mukukonza dothi nokha, musanabzala, mwachindunji mumiphika, muthire ndi madzi otentha pang'ono ndi potaziyamu permanganate.
Thirani gawo ndi gawo
Sikovuta kusamutsa cyclamen. Zabwino kuchita mbewu itangoyamba kugonakotero kuti imayamba nyengo yatsopano yazomera ndi maluwa okhala gawo latsopano.
- Thirani dongo kapena matumba osweka kuchokera m'miphika yodongo ndi njerwa zofiira mumphika;
- Finyani mbali ina panthaka;
- Chomera chimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika wakale ndikuyika chidebe chatsopano, pomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tuber limakhalabe pamwamba pa nthaka;
- Munthawi yotentha yotentha, cyclamen imapuma, chifukwa chake, sifunikira kuwala. Mphika akhoza kuyeretsa kuchokera pawindo m'malo owuma, otetezedwa. Pomwe ikumauma, dothi limanyowa pang'ono kuti madzi asatithere, koma safunika kuthirira kwathunthu.
- Cyclamen "ikadzuka", ikasunthira pawindo ndikuyambiranso kuthirira ndikudyetsa.
Musaope kusinthira maluwa. Chachikulu ndichakuti musankhe nthawi yoyenera ya iziNgati duwa lifunika kuti idzagwetsedwe pakukulidwa, simuyenera kuthilira madzi mukangodzaza, kuti musawononge mizu. Popeza tuber ili ndi madzi okwanira, cyclamen popanda vuto lililonse imatha masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi osamwetsa madzi.
Matenda: machitidwe ndi kusamalidwa
Ma cyclamens samadwala, koma kuphwanya mikhalidwe ya kumangidwa, makamaka chinyezi chowonjezera chophatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kotsika kwambiri, kumawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu cyclamen omwe amakula pawindo?
| Fusarium wilting (zowola kapena zowola pakati) | limachitika chifukwa cha kugundana kwa zotsalira za zomera zaudwala mu nthaka. Mycelium ya bowa imatseka mitsempha, yopanda zakudya minyewa imafa ndi kufa. Nthawi zambiri matenda zimangokhudza mbali imodzi yokha ya mbewuLachiwiri silikhala lopanda vuto lililonse. Pofuna kuchiza mbewu yodwala, ndikofunikira kuchiritsa masamba ndikugawa ndi fungicides monga Fundazole kapena Topsin |
| Zowola | matenda oopsa a bakiteriya. Masamba a mbewu amazimiririka ndikumapachika, tuber rots, kuyamba kufalitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Kukula kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti pakhale Bay komanso kutentha kwambiri. Chomera chamavuto zosatheka kuchiritsa, iyenera kuwonongedwa popewa matenda ena. |
| Gray zowola | zimapezeka kuti kuthirira kunachitika pakati pa chitsamba, ndipo malo okukula a tuber anali onyowa. Mankhwala, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kochepa, ngati kuwonongeka koopsa mbali zobvunda kumadulidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi maudzu owumitsa, monga colloidal sulfure ndi mpweya wophwanyika. |
| Zovunda | oyambitsidwa ndi bowa wamitundu yambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhudza ma cyclamens achinyamata. Masamba a zodwala amasintha, amakula, ndipo mizu kufa. Mutha kupulumutsa mbewuyo pothira gawo losalimba ndikuchiza ndi fungicides |
Kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera, ndikofunikira osati kungodziwa matendawa, koma kuichita munthawi yake.| Anthracnose | matenda makamaka okhudza ma peduncles. Amamasuka, kumadetsedwa, masamba amawuma osaphukira, nthawi zambiri amabweretsa masamba akukumana. Masamba odwala amayamba kuuma m'mbali ndikufa. Kuchiritsa Chotsani masamba ndi miyendo yoyenda ndi chomera ndi fungicides kawiri kapena katatu ndi gawo la masiku 10-14 |
| Sopo bowa | Nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyanjana ndi tizirombo timene timayamwa timaso ta shuga, ndipo imawoneka ngati zokutira zakuda. Sizowopsa pakokha, koma zimasokoneza njira ya photosynthesis, kufooketsa cyclamen. Ikawoneka, muyenera kupukuta masamba ndi sopo wamadzi ndikusamalira mbewuyo ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa, mwachitsanzo, yankho lofooka la mkuwa wamkuwa. |
Matenda ambiri oyamba ndi fungus amatuluka ndikulima cyclamens pansi, kachilombo ka zotsalira za matenda matenda, chifukwa chake, pozula, ndikofunikira kuthira gawo lapansi ndi madzi otentha.
Tizilombo
Kodi masamba anu a cyclamen amakhala otuwa komanso opindika? Onani mozama, awa mwina ndi majeremusi: ma cyclamen kapena akangaude, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba.
- Chingwe cha cyclamen ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingawoneke ndi diso lamaliseche. Ikadwala kwambiri, imapanga dothi longa mbali yolakwika ya masamba.
Zoyendetsa ndi masamba ali opindika ndi opindidwa, mbewuyo imafooka chifukwa tizirombo timayamwa madziwo. Chimodzimodzinso, kupatsira kachilombo ka kangaude kumaonekera, komwe, pakati pazinthu zina, kumaphimba masamba ndi filimu yonga intaneti.
Kuti tichotse nkhusu, mbewuyo iyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo, kuchotsedwa masamba owonongeka kwambiri, miyendo yakufa, ndikuthandizidwa ndi acaricides kawiri mpaka katatu ndi pakati pa mankhwala a masiku 7-10.
Zodwala ziyenera kukhazikitsidwakotero kuti majeremusi samasamukira ku mbewu zina mkati.
- Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapewa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kubala kwawoko kumakulimbikitsidwa ndi chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, ndipo onse akuluakulu ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimayamba kumera mwa tsamba, kuzidya kuchokera mkati, zimavulanso mbewu.
M'malo okhala mphutsi, tsamba limasunthika ndipo limafa pakapita nthawi, zinthu zomwezo zimachitika ndi maluwa. Madzi okoma omwe asiyidwa ndi achikulire akuluakulu amakhala gawo lapansi pakukula kwa bowa bowa, womwe zimafooketsa chomeracho.
Vuto ndi ma thrips ndikuti amaperekanso maziko othandizira bowaPakumera, mbewu zonse m'chipindacho zizichitira mankhwalawa, monga Fitoverm kapena Actellik. Nyambo zolimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ntchentche zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mapiko.
- Ma nsabwe za m'mimba ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadziwika kuti ndi tchuthi, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri tanyumba. Okhazikika komanso athanzi opepuka, amachulukana mwachangu, ndikuphimba masamba achichepere ndi matandala ndi chosanjikiza chokhazikika.
Monga timitengo, timasiyanitsa chomeracho ndi shuga ndipo limayamwa timadziti, kumabweretsa kutopa ndi imfa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chilichonse chimagwira polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba - ichi ndi mankhwala omwe alibe kukana kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Nthaka za Aphid ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndikumapukuta mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu ndi sopo wamadzi kapena yankho lochepera la mowa.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati cyclamen sikutulutsa
Ndi nitrogen yambiri mukudyetsa, mbewuyo imaphukira masamba ambiri ndipo sipanga maluwa. ndikofunikira kusankha feteleza wokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni.
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za cyclamen yopanda maluwa - yesani kuwunika tuber matendaKodi mbewuyo imafooka, koma palibe zizindikiro za matenda kapena majeremusi? Thirani cyclamen, pomwe yang'anirani tuber mosamala. Chotsani dera lowolalo ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Finyani malo odulidwa ndi makala okhazikika ndi owuma.
Kuswana
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amagulira mbewu zawo zomwe amakonda. Ili ndiye njira yosavuta. Komabe, mutha kufalitsa maluwa omwe mumakonda kunyumba. Pali njira ziwiri: kufesa mbewu ndikugawa tuber.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu za cyclamen zimacha m'mabokosi. Akamakula, amayenda molunjika kumtunda. Yakwana nthawi yoti muchotse kaye ndikumasula mbewu. Bzalani nthawi yomweyo.
Ndikofunikira kuphimba mbewu ndi galasi kapena filimu. Mphamvu yobiriwira imalimbikitsa kumera. Zomera zazing'ono zimayenda pansi, ndipo miyezi 6 mpaka 8, cyclamen ndiokonzeka kubzala pamalo okhazikika.
Gawoli la Tuber
The tuber imadulidwa m'magawo awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, maso ayenera kukhalabe theka lililonse. Chocheka chimakonkhedwa ndi makala ophatikizidwa, owuma. Chilichonse chimabzalidwa mumphika wosiyana..
Kugawanitsa kwa Tuber ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yofalitsira cyclamenMa cyclamen a ku Persia amawoneka odekha komanso otupa, koma, ngakhale amawoneka mopatsa chidwi, safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Ndikosavuta kukula kunyumba. Dzionere nokha.
