Chubushnik (Philadelphus) amatchedwanso jasmine wa m'munda. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa zitsamba za semi-deciduous komanso zowola, zomwe ndi oimira banja la hydrangea. Chitsamba ichi chimatchedwa jasmine, chifukwa maluwa a mbewu zoterewa amafanana kwambiri ndipo amawoneka ngati fungo labwino. Philadelphus Chubushnik adatchulidwa mchilatini polemekeza Mfumu ya Egypt Ptolemy Philadelphus. Amamutcha Chubushnik chifukwa choti kuchokera ku matabwa olimba mokwanira okhala ndi maziko ofewa, Chubuki ndi zonyamula pakamwa amapangidwira mapaipi opangira utsi. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewu zoterezi zimatha kupezeka ku Europe, North America, komanso ku East Asia. Mwachilengedwe, mitundu 50-70 ya marshmallow imapezeka, koma pachikhalidwe chake pali mitundu yambiri ya chitsamba chotere.
Ma Chubushnik
Chomera chimakhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yaying'ono, pomwe pali khungwa lotuwa, lomwe limakhala loonda. M'miyeso yaying'ono, monga lamulo, khungwa limakhala lofiirira ndipo limatulutsa kunja. Chitsamba choterocho chimakhala ndi matabwa olimba komanso pakati. Ma plates a masamba ali ndi kutalika masentimita 2-7, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amatengera mitunduyo ndipo amatha kukhala ovoid, elongated or wide ovoid. Kapangidwe ka inflemose inflorescence kumachitika kumapeto kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Maluwa ndi onunkhira ndipo amatha kukhala theka-pawiri, osavuta kapena awiri. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a pentahedral atatu. Mkati mwake muli njere zazing'ono kwambiri. Zomera zoterezi sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsamba ichi munthawi yofanana imatha kuchita mosiyana. Ngati, chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri nyengo yozizira, kunjenjemera kumawonongeka kwambiri, ndiye kuti sadzafa. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mbali yake yonse yomwe ili pamwamba pa nthaka. Chifukwa cha mizu yolimba bwino, mtengowo umakula mwachangu, ndipo udzasangalalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino.
Chubushnik ikamatera
Kudzala liti kunyoza
Podzala chitsambachi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo abwino okhala kutali ndi mitengo, zitsamba zazikulu ndi nyumba. Pamalo okhazikika, maluwa a mockworm amayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo zimayambira zimayamba kutalika. Idzamera bwino dothi lopangidwa ndi mchenga, humus ndi dothi lamasamba (2: 1: 3). Pakakhala kuti dothi losakumba bwino, dothi labwino likhale pansi pansi. Kubzala ndikulimbikitsidwa mu yophukira kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Seputembara mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Kubzala kumathanso kuchitika mchaka, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa masamba azisanachitike.
Momwe mungabzalire
Mtunda pakati pa tchire zobzalidwa uyenera kusiyidwa kutengera mitundu, ndipo phindu lake limatha kukhala 0,5 mpaka 1.5 metres. Zikachitika kuti mothandizidwa ndi chitsamba ichi, dothi lobiriwira lipangidwe, ndiye kuti kupendekera pakati pa tchire kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 0.5-0.7 metres. Kukula kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala 60x60x60. Pansi pake, mchenga wokwanira masentimita khumi ndi asanu wosakanizidwa ndi njerwa wosweka uyenera kupangidwa. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kuthira osakaniza ambiri osakanikirana ndi dothi labwino, kapangidwe kake kamanenedwa pamwambapa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonzekere dzenjelo pasadakhale, monga masiku 7 mpaka 15 musanabzale. Pambuyo poti dothi likhala mdzenjemo, mmera umayikidwa mmenemo kuti khosi la mizu limatulutsa ndi nthaka. Zitatha izi, dzenjelo liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi labwino. Madzala ubzalidwe, uyenera kuthiriridwa, pomwe malita 20-30 amadzi amatengedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Madziwo akamamizidwa, nthakayo imakhazikika, kenako muyenera kuthira dothi lofunikira pouma. Ngati mwabzala mwadzidzidzi mutabzala kolala muzu mobisalira pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuda nkhawa. Koma ngati kuli kuya, ndiye kuti kuvunda kungawonekere. Pambuyo masiku 1-2, muyenera kudzaza bwalo wokhala ndi thunthu pafupi ndi mulch (utuchi kapena peat), pomwe makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala atatu sentimita.
Kusamalidwa koyenera
Momwe mungasamalire zachipongwe
Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti kunyoza kuli kofunikira kuthirira ndi masamba ake. Zitsamba zotere sizimagwirizana ndi chilala, ndipo nthawi yayitali, masamba awo amakhala osawoneka bwino. Kamodzi pa sabata, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, muyenera kuthira malita 20-30 amadzi, ndipo pomwe chomera chimamasula, chidzafunika kuthirira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Mukathirira, ndiye kuti muyenera kumasula dothi lapamwamba ndikutulutsa udzu wonse nthawi imodzi. Kuti muchepetse kuthirira, kuthilira ndi kumasula, kasupe, thunthu lozungulira liyenera kuwazidwa ndi mulch. Kamodzi pachaka, akatswiri amalangiza kutsanulira ndowa imodzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse (1:10), ndipo ndi bwino ngati mungadyetse molemetsa m'chaka. Chomera chikazirala, ndiye kuti pamtunda wozungulira padzakhala kofunikira kuthira phulusa, ndikuthirira. Tchire litakhala ndi zaka 4, mutha kuyamba kumadyetsa feteleza, chifukwa, malita 5 amadzi, magalamu 15 a potaziyamu ndi urea, magalamu 30 a superphosphate amatengedwa kuthengo limodzi. Mbewuyo ikafota, magalamu 25 a superphosphate ndi magalamu 15 a potaziyamu sodium amawonjezeredwa pa mita imodzi ya nthaka. Ngati mukufuna, m'malo potaziyamu, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, mutha kuthira magalamu 100 mpaka 150 phulusa. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni pazovala zapamwamba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka chokha.
Kudulira
Kuti maluwa atchuke kwambiri chaka chilichonse, chitsamba chimayenera kudulidwa nthawi zonse. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti maluwa ambiri amangomera mphukira zamphamvu za chaka chatha, ndipo pazakale zimayambira maluwa ochepa. Chifukwa cha izi, shrub imakhala yowoneka bwino, yosasangalatsa. Pankhaniyi, chomera chomwe chinazimiririka, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zomwe panali maluwa, mpaka mphukira zamphamvu za chaka chino, zomwe zimakhala zotsika. Popita nthawi, izi mphukira amalimba ndi kukula, ndipo chaka chamawa maluwa ambiri amapanga. Mukugwa, kudulira kulinso mwaukhondo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zonse zomwe zidadulidwa, kudwala komanso zouma, ndipo muyenera kutenganso zina zomwe zimakulitsa korona. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito mphukira. Pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndikofunikira kudulira zitsamba zomwe zimakhala ndi zaka zopitilira 12. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudulira kokalamba kumachitika. Mitengo ingapo imasankhidwa, ndipo imadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 30, yotsalayo ndiyenera kudula kwathunthu. Vala wa m'munda amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza magawo, ndipo bwalo lozungulira limakonkhedwa ndi mulch (peat). Pofika nthawi yophukira, mphukira zazing'ono zabwino zidzaphukira masamba. Kudula koletsedwa panthawi yoyamwa.
Momwe mungasinthire
Chitsamba chowokeracho chimazika mizu msanga, makamaka ngati mungachiwokere, ndikutsatira malamulo onse. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti korona amayenera kudulidwa ndi kutsogolo kwathunthu, ndipo mkati mwa chaka chonse sichingathe maluwa. Pafupifupi theka la mwezi asanandidwe, dzenje liyenera kukonzedwa, popeza dothi liyenera kukhazikika. Tsiku lisanagulidwe, muyenera kuthira chitsamba bwino, ndipo pambuyo pa tsiku muyenera kudula ½ zitsamba zakale, pomwe mphukira zotsalira zimafunika kufupikitsidwa. Chitsamba chokumbidwa chija chimayikidwiratu. Pambuyo pofika, kuseketsa kumayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka. Kuyika kumatha kuchitika kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka theka lachiwiri la Okutobala kapena kasupe masamba asanatseguke. Panthawi imodzimodzi, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti nthawi yophukira ndikwabwino kwambiri kupititsa chitsamba, chifukwa mukatero simudzachita mwachangu.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Ma spider nthata, nyemba nsabwe, komanso masamba obiriwira obiriwira amatha kukhazikika pamtengowu. Rogor kapena Karbofos angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuti muwononge kangaude, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la Phosphamide (2%) ndi Celtan emulsion (3%). Kukonza kuyenera kubwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu pakadutsa masiku 7. Pukusani tchire ndi Chlorophos ndi ma weevil, komanso mphutsi zawo, zitha kufa ndi izi.
Zambiri za kukula m'matawuni ndi Siberia
Zomera zotere sizimadzipereka kwathunthu, motero zimatha kumera m'madambo ndi kum'mwera kwina, chifukwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuuma kwake kwa dzinja. Zilimidwe ku Siberia, ndibwino kusankha mitundu yapadera ya njenjete zosatha, zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Chomera choterocho chimadziwika ndi kugunda kwambiri kwa chisanu, chifukwa chake chimatha kupirira mpaka kutentha mpaka madigiri 35 popanda pogona. M'malo omwe chipale chofewa chimagwa, mitundu yolephera chisanu itha kubzalidwe.
Kuswana kwa Chubushnik
Chomera chimatha kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito njere, kudula, kugawa komanso kugawa chitsamba. Kukula mockingberry kuchokera ku njere ndikosavuta, koma njira iyi ya kubereka sikulimbikitsidwa pazomera zamitundu mitundu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbande zachikulire sizingatenge cholowa cha makolo.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Asanafesere mbewu, amayenera kuyikidwa mu stratation, yomwe imatenga milungu 8, pomwe kutentha kofunikira ndi madigiri 2-3. Mu Januwale, njere zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wothira komanso peat, ndikuthira mumtsuko ndikuyika mufiriji yamasamba. Mu Marichi, njere zimafesedwa m'mabokosi odzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi magawo awiri a peat, 1 mbali yamasamba, 1 gawo humus ndi ½ mbali yamchenga. Mchenga wowonda umatsanuliridwa pambewu zofesedwa, ndipo chotengera chimakutidwa ndi galasi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake imayenera kuthiridwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera. Akakhala ndi masamba angapo enieni a masamba, amathanso kuwaika panthaka. Poyamba, mbande zonga mbewu ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Kufalikira kwa masamba obiriwira
Green cuttings muzu kwathunthu chilichonse. Pochita kudula, kukulira mphukira zazikulu kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chifukwa cha izi mphukira siyabwino, yomwe imakhala yopanda pake ndipo nthawi yomweyo mtunda pakati pa impso ndi wokulirapo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu voids awa, zowola zimawoneka bwino. Muzu wabwino kwambiri komanso wachangu kwambiri ndi thunthu wobiriwira wokhala ndi chidendene (mphukira zapachaka ndi chidutswa cha mphukira ya chaka chatha). Kudula kwam'munsi kwa tsinde kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi wothandizira yemwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu. Kuwala kumachitika mchidebe chodzaza ndi dothi komanso mchenga, kuphatikiza ndi michere. Kubala kumachitika pansi masentimita akuya, kutsatira dongosolo la 40x10. Kuchokera pamwamba ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chipewa chopangidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi, ndikuyika chidebe pamalo pomwe pali kuwala. Zodula zimafunika kuti zizinyowa kuchokera ku sapota nthawi zambiri zokwanira.
Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono
Zigawo zimapangidwa mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimazika mizu mu 5-7 pena 10. Njira yobweretsayi imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pa kudulira kukalamba, ndipo chitsamba chizikonzedwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera pansi. Kuzungulira chitsamba, dothi liyenera kukumbidwa, feteleza ndikuthira. Mphukira wachinyamata wokhala ndi waya wofewa uyenera kukokedwa pafupi ndi impso yomwe ili kumapeto kwenikweni, kenako imayikidwa mu poyambira yaying'ono (kuya 15 mm), yoikika ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi ndizotheka kupeza zigawo zingapo nthawi imodzi, ngati mungakonze. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, azidulidwa kuchitsamba cha kholo ndi kukumba. Adzakhala ndi zaka zingapo.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Mphukira isanayambitse kasupe kapena masamba onse ochokera pachitsamba chokulirapo atagwa, kugwedezekaku kuyenera kukumbidwa. Kenako imagawika zidutswa zingapo ndipo posachedwa imabzalidwa m'maenje okonzeka, kuti asakhale ndi nthawi yowuma. Mukugawa chitsamba, nthambi zakale ziyenera kudulidwa, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimayenera kukumba.
Zisanu
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu ikafota, kudulira komanso ukhondo kumachitika. Chubushnik amadzala ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, ndipo pamwamba padothi limakonkhedwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza wa mulch (utuchi kapena peat).
Zisanu
Sikoyenera kuphimba chitsamba nthawi yachisanu. Ngati mphukira zina zawonongeka chifukwa cha chisanu champhamvu, ndiye kuti mutadulira, chitsamba chidzakulanso kuphukira. M'nyengo yozizira, simuyenera kusamalira chitsamba.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yoseketsa mmwamba
Wamaluwa amalima mitundu yochepa chabe ya marshmallow, komanso mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yomwe idawoneka chifukwa cha obereketsa.
Chubushnik wamba, kapena wotumbulika (Philadelphus pallidus)
Dziko lakwawo ndi Caucasus komanso kumwera kwa Western Europe. Mtunduwu, womwe umakula m'matawuni, umayamba kutulutsa choyambirira. Chitsamba choterocho chili ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 300, pomwe masamba ake okhazikika alibe. Kutalika kwa mapepala osavuta a oblong elliptical ndi pafupi masentimita 8. Malo owoneka bwino amakhala pamphepete, ndipo ndikuwotcha chapamwamba. Mbali yakutsogolo kwa tsamba ili ndi masamba obiriwira osakwanira, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndi yobiriwira mopepuka, pubescent. Maluwa onunkhira oyera oyera amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 3 cm. Ali m'gulu la inflorescence mu mawonekedwe amibrashi (maluwa 5-7). Mtengowo suthana ndi chisanu ndipo umatha kupirira kutentha mpaka madigiri 25. Pali mitundu yokongoletsera: yayikulu-maluwa, siliva-ulusi, wotsika, wagolide, terry, komanso ulesi. Mitundu yotchuka:
Chubushnik Namwali
Zosiyanazi zidawonekera mu 1909 ndipo wopanga wake ndi Lemoine. Tchire kutalika kwake limatha kuyambira 200 mpaka 300 cm. Imakhala ndi korona wamkulu, ndipo khungwa lomwe limatulutsa pa mphukira ndi lofiirira. Kutalika kwa masamba owongoleredwa ndi masentimita 7, ali owundana komanso wobiriwira wakuda, kutembenukira chikasu pakugwa. Mu Julayi, inflorescence imawoneka ngati mabulashi, ofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 14. Maluwa oyera amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5cm. Zoterezi zimatha kupitiliza kukongoletsa kwazaka makumi awiri.
Mcker Belle Etoile
Zosiyanasiyana izi, zomwe zimalekedwa ndi Lemoine, ndiye kunyada kwawo kwakukulu. Pakati patali, kutalika kwa chomera chotere sikokwanira kupitirira masentimita 100, koma ku France ndikokwezeka pang'ono (pafupifupi ma sentimita 150). Leaflets ndi ochepa komanso ali ndi nsonga yokoka. Fungo lamaluwa limafanana ndi zipatso zamtchire. Ndiwokhala ngati belu losalala, mkati mwapakati amakhala ndi malo akulu a carmine. Dawo lawo ndi mainchesi 4.
Chubushnik Bicolor
Maluwa amodzi amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5 sentimita. Amakula pamutu pa mphukira yotsogola ya axillary. Tchire la Fluffy limakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 200. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito yolimira malo.
Korona ”(Philadelphus coronarius)
Kutalika kwa mitundu yam'mwera yaku Europeyi ndi masentimita 300. Kuthengo, imatha kukumana ku Asia Minor, Caucasus ndi kumwera kwa Europe. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi makungwa osweka, wopakidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wachikasu chopepuka. Pa iwo pali masamba owala. Zovala zazing'ono zosakhwima zimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa malekezero a masamba oyandikana ndi petiolar. Mbali yawo yakutsogolo ilibe kanthu, ndipo mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi mitsempha. Maluwa onunkhira amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 5 sentimita ndi mtundu woyera woyera. Ali m'gulu la inflorescence okhala ndi mawonekedwe amibrashi ndipo ali kumapeto kwa mphukira (zidutswa za 5-7).Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Mpweya ndi utsi kugonjetsedwa. Amalephereranso kuzizira mpaka mphindi 25. Mitundu yotchuka:
Aureus
Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200 mpaka 300. Imakula msanga ndipo ili ndi korona woyambira, wopangidwa ndi masamba achikasu. M'nyengo yotentha, amasintha chikasu kubiriwira ndipo sasintha mtundu mpaka atagwa. Pali maluwa ambiri omwe amavuta kusiyanitsa ndi masamba. Komabe, maluwa amatha kuyerekezedwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri lochokera ku maluwa.
Ma Bowasi Amitundu kapena Variegatus
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. M'mphepete mwa masamba ake ndimasamba amtundu wa kirimu.
Umboni
Kutalika kwa tchire lolumikizana sikapitilira masentimita 200. Pali maluwa onunkhira amodzi amtundu wa kirimu. Patsamba lamasamba pali malo enaake a kirimu.
Lemuan Mock (Philadelphus x zakainei)
Ichi ndi chomera chosakanizidwa chopangidwa kudzera kudutsa chubushnik wamba komanso-wamba. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ku North America ndi Europe. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi nthambi zotumphuka ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. Kutalika kwa ma masamba ooneka ngati masamba a lanceolate kuli pafupifupi masentimita anayi. Maluwa okongola onunkhira oyera amasonkhanitsidwa zidutswa 3-7 mu inflemose inflorescence. Mitundu yotchuka:
Ermine Mantle (Manto d'Ermine)
Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitirira 100 cm. Pali maluwa okongola apawiri opaka utoto. Limamasamba kwambiri kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi.
Chubushnik Shneeshturm
Pa atsikana otsekereza, ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi mainchesi 2-2,5) maluwa onunkhira akutulutsa zoyera, omwe ali mbali yamaluwa amtundu wa maluwa, maluwa. Masamba akuluakulu amapaka utoto wobiriwira, pakugwa kwawo amasintha chikaso. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200.
Glacier
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Pa onyoza choterocho, maluwa oyera onunkhira oyera amaphuka m'magulu. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20.
Chithumwa
Ndi m'modzi mwa otonza kwambiri. Pa chitsamba cha mamita awiri pali maluwa akuluakulu, oyera, oyera, oyera chipale chofewa omwe samununkhiza bwino. Ali m'gulu la inflorescence (kuyambira 9 maluwa kapena kuposa). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gawo lotsika la mbewuyi limawululidwa, ndipo kuti nthawi zonse lizioneka lokongola, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudzala chitsamba chamtsogolo pamaso pake.
Chubushnik Blizzard
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi khungu loyera ndipo ali gawo la inflorescence (zidutswa 7-9). Maluwa ochulukirapo amatha masiku 20.
Wamaluwa amalimanso nthabwala monga: Gordon, wowonda, wosakhazikika, wocheperako, Waku Caucasus, Shrenka, wotambalala, wa imvi, wopanda fungo, krpunotsvetkovy.
