Goryanka, kapena epimedium yolingana ndi maluwa

Epimedium, kapena Goryanka, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wabwino kudzaza dothi pansi pa mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi chomera. Chikhalidwe cha pansi pamtunda chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba ochititsa chidwi ku West chimadziwika chifukwa cha maluwa ake: kukhudza komanso kupatsa chidwi, kuwunika kopanda kanthu kumawoneka ngati masomphenya okongola. Ndili kwa maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe epimedium adalandira dzina laulere "maluwa a elves." Kukula mwachangu, kuthekera kwadzaza dothi munthawi yochepa kwambiri - osati maluso onse a mbewuyi.

Maonekedwe okongola a bwalo losakhala wamba

Epimedium amadziwika bwino pansi pa dzina la Goryanka. Ku Europe, izi zimangotchedwa - "duwa la elves." Maluwa osalemera, amanjenjemera, maluwa osakhwima kwenikweni amapanga mabodza okongola ndipo mu mphamvu zawo zamatsenga ndi chinsinsi chitha kufananizidwa ndi aquilegia.

Goryanka, kapena Epimedium barlique 'Orangekönigin' (Epimedium x warleyense). © Herbert Frei

Ma epimedium ndi masamba a herbaceous omwe amapanga masamba owoneka bwino komanso okongola kwambiri pamasamba azitali zazitali mpaka theka la mita. Ma epimedium ena amakhala onyezimira, ena ndiwowoneka bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe amtambo kapena makatani amachira mwachindunji zimatengera kuwuma kwa masamba. Mphukira, yomwe imaphukira mozungulira, imayamba kufalikira, ndikutulutsa masamba atsopano ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono imafa.

Epimediums imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 50 ya zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira, ngakhale masamba owoneka ndi masamba nthawi zambiri amabiriwira. Wokongola, wapawiri kapena wapatatu pini, wamkulu mokwanira, wokhala ndi pakati kapena masamba owumbidwa ndi mivi amasiyana pakhungu, pamtunda wakuda ndi mitundu yosadziwika. M'malo ena amtundu wa goryanka, masamba amakhala owala bwino komanso obiriwira, ndipo ena amakhala ndi zokongoletsa zofiirira kapena za lalanje m'mphepete mwa tsamba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala okongola. Mitundu yobiriwira nthawi yonse yozizira imakongoletsa minda ndi mtengo wapamwamba, m'malo mwa masamba nyengo yotsatira, Meyi; dontho wamba limachoka itayamba chisanu.

Goryanka, kapena Epimedium red (Epimedium x rubrum). © Herbert Frei

Kutulutsa kwa Epimedium mu Meyimukakhala pa masamba owoneka bwino maluwa okongola amawoneka amanyazi. Kufika mainchesi awiri, siali ngati mbewu zina zamunda. Epimedium imakakamizidwa ndi mawonekedwe oyambilira a maluwa kupita kumanda omwe adakonzedwa mizere iwiri, pomwe "miyala" yaying'onoyo idagwa ndikatsegulidwa, ndipo yamkati ikupezeka modutsa, poyambira kutsindika mawonekedwe a corolla yogawanika kapena yonse komanso yokongola. Mu ma epimedium ambiri, ma petals amakongoletsedwa ndi spurs. Kapangidwe kameneka kamangogogomezeredwa ndi maulendo obisika omwe amachititsa kuti maluwa ena osawoneka bwino, owala maluwa angapo akuwuluka mlengalenga, kapena akungoyang'ana mwamanyazi masamba achichepere a zolengedwa zachabe chidwi.

Utoto wa utoto wa Goryanka umaphatikiza kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi yosazolowereka yamitundu yoyera, yofiirira, yofiirira ndi yachikaso.

Ma epimediamu sataya kukongoletsa kwawo kwazaka zambiri. Mitundu ina imakonda kufa pakatikati pa makatani ndipo pazizindikiro zoyambirira za njirayi ndi bwino kudzipatula ndikuziyala, koma zambiri zimamera m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa 10.

Mitundu ya goryanka

Ma epimediamu akadali ambiri, koma amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kapangidwe ka minda ndi mbewu. Awa ndi azikhalidwe zamitundu yonse komanso "zomvera" kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupanga zozizwitsa komanso zokutira modabwitsa.

Goryanka, kapena Epimedium Grandiflorum wamkulu (wotchedwa Epimedium grandiflorum). © JardinsLeeds

Masiku ano pakupanga kwapakati pakatikati, zopweteka zamtunduwu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:

wotchuka kwambiri epimedium lalikulu-maluwa wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira mtima ooneka ngati chisanu omwe amapanga chomera mpaka 30 cm, maluwa akulu opambana mu inflorescence mpaka 15 ma PC;
Chimodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri nthawi yotentha Epimedium Perralderi, ndikupanga chivundikiro chowala kwambiri pafupifupi 30 cm kutalika kwa masamba atatu, kusintha mtundu kuchokera ku mkuwa kukhala wobiriwira wakuda, wokongoletsedwa ndi m'mphepete mwa WAvy komanso m'malire akulu, achikasu ndi ofiira, maluwa osonkhana burashi;
nkhondo za epimedium, ndikupanga ma jekete okwera mpaka 50 masentimita ndipo masamba amatuluka mu nthawi yophukira komanso ma inflorescence osakhazikika;
haibridi epimedium cantabrian wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira otayirira, malaya amtundu wa 60 cm komanso opanda kulemera kwake okhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera pinki, koma ambiri maluwa;
kusiyanasiyana ndi m'mphepete mwam'mphepete mwa masamba ndi masamba a masamba ndi maluwa ofiira jamu downy;
Cirrus goryanka - theka-mita osachedwa ndi masamba okongola a zipatso za masamba ena owoneka bwino komanso okongola kwambiri, koma maonekedwe owoneka bwino a inflorescence wokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino;
m'munsi pang'ono, 35 mpaka 40 cm kutalika red epimedium maluwa okongola a pinki okongoletsedwa ndi mikwaso yoyera komanso masamba okongola kwambiri aofiirira, omwe amapanga chivundikiro chobiriwira chobiriwira;
haibridi kakulidwe kakang'ono goryanka utoto wamitundu yambiri wokhala ndi masamba owala amaso owoneka ndi utoto wokhala ndi utoto wokongola kwambiri m'm masamba achichepere;
osapitilira 30 cm Bitter Mountain Evergreen Colchis Masamba ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, amasintha mtundu mu kugwa kwa mkuwa ndi zitsulo, ndi maluwa achikasu ofanana ndi ma orchid (amapanga mawonekedwe apakati);
amapanga makapeti okongola modabwitsa modabwitsa epimedium Kore mpaka 20cm kutalika ndi maluwa okongola, oyera oyera ofiirira;
wodabwitsika, wofika mpaka 20 cm wamtali komanso wolekerera chilala goryanka chisanu yokhala ndi masamba amkuwa a bronze, mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira komanso malaya otuwa otumbululuka, omwe maluwa ake akuluakulu amatenga timaburashi tating'ono;
yemweyo m'munsi koma pang'onopang'ono kukula Epimedium ndiwokongola wokhala ndi mitengo ya katiriji, mkuwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono masamba obiriwira, okhala ngati maluwa oyera kapena ofiirira omwe amatulutsa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (amafunika malo owala kapena mthunzi pang'ono);

Goryanka pinnatifolia, kapena Epimedium pinnate (Epimedium pinnatum). © Ruth Hartnup

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobiriwira nthawi zonse:

epuledium wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri "Sulfurum" wokhala ndi masamba owoneka modabwitsa, pomwe mitsempha yobiriwira imawala kwambiri, kenako utoto wolemerawu umaphimba mbale zonse ndikupereka mphamvu yayikulu pamtunda wowala;
epimedium Perralderi "Frohnleiten" ndi inflorescences wachikaso ndi glossy, masamba owala;
chachikulu maluwa epimedium "Lilafey" ndi Lilacinum ndi maluwa a lilac okhala ndi masamba osalala;
goryanka wamkulu "maluwa wotchedwa" Mfumukazi " ndi maluwa okongola a pinki omwe amawoneka akuwala;
epimedium yayikulu-yotuwa "White Queen"amene maluwa ake akulu amaoneka ngati abwino komanso abwino;
kalasi Goryanka wa Varly "Orange Konigin" wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka minda:

monga chivundikiro komanso malo okhala pansi pa zitsamba ndi mitengo, makamaka zazikulu;
m'mabedi amaluwa achilengedwe ndi masifadi;
kukongoletsa madera okhala mthunzi ndi mbali za kumpoto kwa mapiri ndi mapiri a mapiri;
ngati woyimbira dothi pometa kapena "cholumikizira" pakupanga zokongoletsera;
kuti mawonekedwe azikhala pamiyendo ndi zotchinga kuchokera pansi.

Goryanka, kapena Young's Epimedium 'Niveum' (Epimedium x youngianum). © Kristine Paulus

Omwe amagawana bwino kwambiri goryanka amakhala: primrose, fern, hosta, medunica, tiarella, mbewu zazing'ono za bulb, aquilegia.

Zofunikira zofunika ndi ma epimedium

Epimediums ndi amodzi odalirika komanso osasamala kwambiri m'munda. Amasinthasintha mosavuta pamagetsi osiyanasiyana, komabe mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhudza maluwa komanso kukopa kwake. Zowawa zimaphukira koposa zonse mu penumbra, koma nthawi yomweyo masamba achikhalidwe samataya kukongola konse, ngakhale makulidwe ake pachikuto, komanso kuthekanso kusintha mitundu kuyambira nyengo mpaka nyengo mumthunzi wokulirapo ndi dzuwa lowala. Amakonda malo oyandikana ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndipo amawaza dothi pansi pawo.

Koma kusankha kwa mawonekedwe a dothi kumafunikira kulipiridwa kwambiri. Ma epimedium amawonetsetsa chinyezi chochulukirapo, kuthilira madzi, kotero kuti sangabzalidwe m'malo omwe mumapezeka madzi apansi panthaka yambiri. Chomera ichi chimakhala choyenera kumera aliyense chonyowa, chatsopano, chopangidwa bwino, chodalilika komanso chokwanira chokwanira ndi dothi lamchenga kapena dongo komanso mawonekedwe okwanira a manyowa kapena zinthu zina. Acidity ya nthaka sayenera kulowerera.

Goryanka amabzalidwe kotero kuti nthambuyo imayikidwa masentimita 5 kuchokera pamzere wa dothi. Mtunda woyenera kwambiri pakati pa mbande ndi 35-40 cm.

Kusamalira Epimedium

Kwambiri, kuwawa kumakonda kuwala pang'ono koma chinyezi chadothi chokhazikika. Pakati pawo pali mitundu yolekerera chilala, koma ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa kukongoletsa kwambiri komanso maluwa ambiri, ndibwino kupatsa mbewu madzi kuthilira nthawi yachilala.

Ma epimediamu safuna kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri. Dothi la mulch nthawi yachisanu lithepetsa njira zake - kudya kamodzi ndi feteleza wachilengedwe kapena wa michere (nitrophosic) kumayambiriro kwamasika. Epimedium imatha kukhala gwero la feteleza pamitengo ndi zitsamba zozungulira. Akamwalira, masamba a epimedium amakhala gwero labwino lazakudya ndipo amatenga gawo la mulch wamba wa mbeu iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yonse ya epimedium yabwino komanso yobiriwira itha kugwira ntchito iyi.

Samalani kwambiri pokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Goryanka saopa chisanu, koma samva bwino kwambiri nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale. Pofuna kuwateteza ku kutentha kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa zina, zokwanira mulch mizu pansi pa masamba, ndikupanga tinthu totetemera kompositia. M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, makamaka ngati mwapeza epimedium yomwe sinasinthidwe kukhala m'dera lanu, osati mitundu yobiriwira yokha yobiriwira, komanso muziphimba ndi masamba owuma. Chotsani pogona ndi masamba mutangokhalira chipale chofewa.

Kuwawa konsekonse kumatsanulira masamba awo kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, koma njirayi ndiyosachedwa ndipo ikuchedwa kutuluka masamba. Ndiye chifukwa chake nyengo yozizira yobiriwira, ndibwino kuchotsa masamba pamanja nyengo yachisanu, ndikulimbikitsa maluwa komanso kukula kwamphamvu. Zomera zokulitsa dothi, ngakhale zingaoneke zokongola bwanji, ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisasungunuke. Koma zosanjikiza siziyenera kuchotsedwa mpaka kuzizimuka kwa chisanu champhamvu usiku.

Epimediums safuna kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda: amatenga matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi aminda komanso ngakhale tizilombo. Mdani wawo yekhayo ndi waulesi yemwe amatha kudya masamba ang'onoang'ono. Ngati zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa, samalani - sankhani misampha, sonkhanitsani pamanja, gwiritsani ntchito mulching ndi udzu.

Kubzala ndi kubala epimedium

Epimediums amakula msanga ndikukula bwino, amayamba kupanga mabatani owuma kuchokera chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Ndipo kuti mupeze mbewu zatsopano, zitha kudzipatula osati kokha chifukwa cha kukalamba, komanso pazosowa pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Epimedium imafalitsidwa ndi zigawo za rhizome. Goryanka amagawidwa mu Ogasiti kapena kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, kulekanitsa zigawo za rhizomes ndi impso zosachepera 2-3. Kuti muteteze, epimedium yogawa iyenera kuyikika nthawi yomweyo ndi kompositi ndi masamba owuma.

Chomerachi sichimafalikira ndi njere, koma zimafunikira stratation. Poyamba, mbewu zimapirira masabata atatu pamtunda wa madigiri 15-20, ndiye - mwezi umodzi pa madigiri 2-5. Epimedium sichingayambitse vuto kumera, koma imaphuka pambuyo pake, pakatha zaka 3-4. Mbande zimabzalidwa patali pafupifupi 40 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.