Alimi a mphesa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi choti masamba okongola obiriwira nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuuma, kenako nkugwa. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwakuthwa mu nyengo nyengo, chifukwa mphesa zimatha kusokonezeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chitsamba chimodzi chodwala chitha kupatsirana ndikuwonongeratu munda wonse wamphesa, ndikofunikira kuyamba chithandizo nthawi yake.
Zifukwa zouma kwa masamba a mphesa
Musanapitilize ndi chithandizo cha chitsamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chomwe masamba a mpesawo akuuma komanso chomwe chidayambitsa mawonekedwe a matenda pofuna kupewa kutenganso vutoli. Mbewu zomwe zakula kumpoto ndizovuta kutengera matenda. Izi ndichifukwa choti aziphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu. Chinyezi chambiri komanso mpweya wocheperako zimapangitsa pansi pa pobisipo malo abwino opangira bowa.
Kusatetezeka kwa mphesa kumakhudzidwanso ndi kuwala kosakwanira, kutentha ndi chinyezi kapena dothi losankhidwa bwino.
Ngati masamba ayamba kukhazikika kenako nkuwuma, izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Mphesa ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kapena kupanga manyowa.
Matenda a mphesa, mankhwala awo
Kuuma kwa masamba a mpesa kumawonetsa kuti shrub ili ndi kachilombo kapena kachilombo. Pakati matenda matenda chitsamba, wamba ndi owopsa:
- Mildew. Tsamba limakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu ndi zokutira zoyera paphesi. Chithandizo: kupopera mankhwala a Bordeaux pakati pa mapangidwe a masamba ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa matendawa - "Rodomil Gold" (bola kuti mwezi wopitilira musanatolole). Kupewa: kufesa pakati pa tchire la katsabola.
- Oidium. Pakakhala chilala, masamba amtundu woyamba amawonekera pamasamba, ndiye kuti amawuma kwathunthu, ndipo zipatsozo zimasweka ndikuvunda. Chithandizo: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la sulufa. Kupewa: onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino ukuyenda bwino pakati pa chitsamba ndi pakati pa mbewu, kupatulira ndikuchotsa namsongole nthawi zonse.
- Gray zowola. M'malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri, masambawo amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wofiyira, womwe umatengedwa ndi mphepo kupita ku tchire loyandikana. Zipatso zimakhala zofiirira ndi zowola. Chithandizo ndi kupewa: kudula ndi kutentha masamba odwala, ndi kuwaza chitsamba ndi yankho la 0,5 tsp. soda pa lita imodzi yamadzi.
- Cercocosporosis. Kunja kwa masamba kumakutidwa ndi zolembera za azitona, ndikusintha masango. Zipatso zimakhala ndi lilac tint komanso kutha. Chithandizo: bvarulani ndikuotcha zidutswa zodwala, sansani chitsamba ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux.
- Rubella. M'nyengo yotentha, madontho ofiira amawonekera pamasamba, pamapeto pake tsamba lonse limasanduka lofiira. Chithandizo: mankhwala ndi Quadris, Fundazole.
- Alternariosis. M'mbali mwa masamba amauma, ndipo masamba akufa adapangika pakati. Pakagwa mvula, nkhungu imawonekera pa pepalalo. Chithandizo: chithandizo ndi fungicides Skor, Kolfugo wapamwamba.
