Obereketsa amapereka mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa chotchuka ku Russia. Zina mwazofunikira ndi ma Shokoladnitsa yamatchuwo, mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana, mphamvu zake ndi mawonekedwe ake zithandizira wosamalira mundawo kudziwa za chikhalidwe ndikupanga kusankha mbewu zoyenera kumera payokha.
Zosankha zingapo zapakhomo zidapezeka ndi akatswiri a All-Russian Research Institute for the Selection of Fru Crops zochokera ku Cherbotrebny Cherny Cherny ndi Lyubskaya. Polenga mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya Shokoladnitsa yomwe ili pachithunzichi, olemba gulu la asayansi adawona cholinga chodzapeza zipatso zosagwira chisanu ndi mitengo yaying'ono yayikulu komanso yaying'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zakucha pa iwo ziyenera kukhala zokongola ndikukhala ndi mchere wabwino.
Ntchito ya Oryol obereketsa A.F. Kolesnikova, M.V. Mikheeva ndi T.A. Trofimov idamalizidwa, ndipo mu 1996 mitundu yatsopano idawonjezedwa bwino ku State Record, komanso idalimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku Central dera la Russia.
Zizindikiro zakunja ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yamatcheri a Chokoleti
Mitengo yamtengo wachikulire ya mitundu ya Shokoladnitsa imakhala ndi kutalika kosaposa mamita 2.5. Korona, wooneka ngati piramidi wotembenukira mozungulira, ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndi kukula. Chifukwa cha izi, ngakhale nthambi zokulira pansi pamtengo zambiri sizimagwera nthaka, zomwe:
- amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kufalikira kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungal;
- amachepetsa kupezeka kwa zipatso ndi masamba a tizirombo ta chitumbuwa;
- imathandizira kukolola zipatso zakupsa.
Nthambi zamtengo ndi zotumphukira za mtengo zimakutidwa ndi bulawuni, nthawi zina imvi. Mphukira zazing'ono, osati zokhala ndi lign zimakhala ndi mtundu wa greenish. Masamba amatuluka kolimba, wopindika bwino mpaka nthambi za impso mpaka 4 mm kutalika. Pepala lamasamba a Shokoladnitsa yamatcheri ali ndi mawonekedwe pafupi ndi chowulungika, cholunjikitsidwa kumunsi ndi kumapeto. Mphepete ndizosemphana. Pamasamba, mtsempha wapakati umawoneka bwino, ndikusintha kukhala phesi lolimba 1.5-2 cm kutalika kwake ndi utoto wowoneka bwino pabowo. Gawo lamunsi la pepalalo ndi lopepuka kuposa kutsogolo kwake.
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mitundu ya zipatso za Shokoladnitsa, mitengo imaphukira pamodzi kuyambira pa Meyi 15 mpaka Meyi 18. Maluwa amakula kuposa masiku onse. Mu inflorescence imodzi, monga lamulo, pamakhala maluwa atatu pamitengo italiitali yobiriwira mpaka 35 35 mm. Danga la corolla ndi 15-18 mm. Ziphuphu ndizoyera, zokhala momasuka mozungulira ovary yam'tsogolo.
Maluwa amachezeredwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa mungu.
Wamaluwa amene akufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri ayenera kudziwa kuti mitundu ya zipatso za Shokoladnitsa imadziyambitsa yokha, kutanthauza kuti, mapangidwe a ovary amapezeka ngakhale pali mtengo umodzi wokha wazipatso pamalowo.
Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino, koma wamaluwa odziwa bwino amakonda kusewera motetezeka ndipo samangoleketsa kusankha kwawo kwa Msungwana Wokhayo. Monga pollinator wowonjezera wa mbewuyo, yamatcheri amitundu Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Studentkaya, Turgenevskaya obzalidwa pafupi. Mitundu iyi imayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi eni eni ziwembu, ndipo idzapereka zokolola zambiri ku Nyumba ya Chocolate.
Pakakhala nyengo yabwino, kukolola pakatikati kumayambira sabata yachiwiri ya Julayi. Mitengo ya zaka zinayi imalowa mu nthawi ya zipatso; nthawi yayitali kwambiri yazomera zobala ndi zaka 15 - 15.
Kuwala kwamitundu yamitundu ya Shokoladnitsa, monga pachithunzichi, ali ndi mawonekedwe pafupi mozungulira komanso mawonekedwe a maroon, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda. Mabulosi apakati ali ndi kutalika kwa 16,5-17 mm, m'lifupi mwake 19 mm, ndipo makulidwe 17 mm. Kulemera kumachokera ku 3.5 mpaka 4 magalamu. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, wofiirira wakuda, wabuluu. Makumi asanu ndi atatu okha mwa kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwayo amakhala atatsamira kumbuyo kwa zamkati, fupa lozungulira la mtundu wachikasu.
Mukamafotokoza za Shokoladnitsa yamatcheri, zimawonetsedwa kuti zipatso zokhwima zimasonkhana mpaka 12,4% shuga ndipo zimakhala ndi asidi 1.6% zokha. Izi zimapatsa zipatsozi zabwino, pafupi ndi kutsekemera kokoma, kuvoteledwa ndi akatswiri olipiritsa pa 3,8-4 point. Panthawi yolima minda yamafakitale, yamatchera a Shokoladnitsa osiyanasiyana pa mahekitala amtundu wa zipatso 77-97.
Mlimi atha kutenga pafupifupi makilogalamu 15 a mavitamini kuchokera kumtengo umodzi mosamalitsa komanso malo abwino obzala.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira yamatcheri
Amatcheri ndi zipatso zina zamwala sakonda asidi wambiri, wambiri wandiweyani, akuchulukitsa chinyezi chambiri. Mtundu wa chitumbuwa cha Shokoladnitsa, malinga ndi malongosoledwe ndikuupeza kale luso lakukula, sichoncho. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala, sankhani malo okwezeka:
- ndi dothi louma, lomwe michere ya michere ndi michere imayikidwa musanadzalemo mbewu, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imaphatikizidwa;
- kutetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira, koma dzuwa lotseguka kwathunthu;
- ndi pansi panthaka yopanda pafupi ndi mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera pamwamba.
Kuti athandizire kukulitsa ndi kusamalira chitumbuwa cha Shokoladnitsa, kubzala kumachitika mu Epulo, masamba asanatseguke, kapena mu Seputembala, pakadali kotentha ndipo mtengowo umakhala ndi nthawi yoti uzolowere malo ena atsopano. Pakubzala, mbande za chaka chimodzi ndizoyenera kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 1.5 metres, yokhala ndi mizu mpaka 20-30 cm ndi tsinde lignified ndi makulidwe osachepera 10-15 mm.
Kubala ndi muyezo. Maenje okhala ndi mainchesi ndi kuya pafupifupi masentimita 70 amakonzekera mitengo yaying'ono.Dothi limasakanizika ndi feteleza wa potashi, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Ngati organics imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndibwino kuti muthe feteleza wabwino wowola yemwe sangathe kuwotcha mizu yamatcheri.
Mukamizidwa mu dzenje, ndikofunikira kuti musazitse khosi lamizu. Thandizo lodalirika limaperekedwa kwa mmera uliwonse. Pambuyo pobwezeretsanso, dothi limapangidwanso, kuthiriridwa ndikuwazidwa manyowa.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwambiri ndi kukulitsa korona wamatcheri, mitundu ya Chocolate, monga chithunzi, iyenera kudulidwa. Ndikosavuta kuchita izi mchaka, masamba asanafike. Kudulira kumakhala ndi masamba akale, ofooka ofunikira ndi matenda komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo.
Chidwi chimaperekedwa makamaka ku matenda omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a moniliosis ndi cococycosis, omwe chitumbuwa chamtunduwu sichitha chitetezo chokwanira.
Pazifukwa zomwezo, kudulira kumaphatikizidwa ndi chithandizo chabzala ndi zokhudza zonse fungicides kapena Bordeaux fluid. Kupopera mankhwalawa mobwerezabwereza ndi mankhwala kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la maluwa.
Kusamalira chokoleti kumaphatikizapo kuthirira mitengo ndikuwadyetsa. Ngakhale mbewuzo zimatchulidwa kuti ndizolekerera chilala, nthawi yamaluwa ndi kucha kwa zipatso, chinyezi kwa yamatcheri ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mukathirira, mtengo umodzi umayenera kukhala ndi zidebe zosachepera 3-5 zamadzi otentha osamalidwa bwino.
Mukugwa, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amawonjezeredwa pansi pa korona wamitengo yazipatso, kasupe wamatchuthi amafunikira "chakudya" kuti chikule mwachangu, chifukwa chake amadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Ngati kubzala ndi kusamalira ma Shokoladnitsa yamatcheri amachitika molondola, chaka choyamba cha moyo mbewuzo zimachulukirachulukira, ndipo mchaka chachinayi amayamba kubala zipatso.
