Ginger ndi chomera chamuyaya mpaka 1-2 m. Pa tsinde lolunjika pali masamba a lanceolate atali. Rhizome ndi chinthu chosungidwa mobisa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zidutswa za kanjedza, chomwe chimakutidwa pamwamba ndi khungwa loonda lakuda, lomwe pansi pake pali mnofu wakhungu wopepuka wachikasu wopanda fungo labwinobwino. Mizu yodumphayo yamtundu wamtunduwu imatsika kuchokera pamenepo, ndipo pamtunda pamwamba. Kwawo kwa ginger ndi South Asia, koma masiku ano amafalitsidwa kwambiri ku Asia ndi Europe, komwe amakulira m'malo otentha m'malo otentha, komanso m'malo obiriwira ndi m'malo obisalamo malo ozizira.
Ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger weniweni, kapena ginger wamba (Zīngiber officinale) ndi mtundu wamtundu wa banja la ginger wa ginger (Zingiberaceae). Mu Russian, ginger yekha amatchedwa.
Ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger wodwala, kapena ginger weniweni, kapena ginger wamba (Zingiber officinale). © Daniel KellyZosangalatsa pa ginger
Omasuliridwa m'Chirasha kuchokera ku Sanskrit, ginger amatanthauza "muzu wokhala ndi nyanga" kapena, mwa tanthauzo lina, "mankhwala ponseponse". Ndipo zowonadi, zimagwira ntchito kuchokera kumatenda zana. Izi aphrodisiac zachilengedwe zimayambitsa chilakolako chogonana, chomwe Wachinayi amalumikiza ginger ndi liwu "masculinity."
Amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene amamwa chakumwa cha ginger amakhala wolimba mtima, wolimba mtima, komanso wosankha. Anthu oterewa sazindikira mantha, mantha komanso kukhumudwa. Zovala zophika mu mafuta a ginger zimabweretsa bwino kwa mwini pazinthu zonse zachuma ndi chuma.
Mankhwala zikuchokera mankhwala a ginger
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala a rhizome ndi komwe kumatsimikizira machiritso ake. Vutoli limakhala ndi 3% ya ginger wofunikira mafuta, omwe amapereka fungo labwino, gawo lalikulu la macro- ndi ma microelements. Mwa amino acid, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, ndi ena amaphatikizidwa ndi kupangidwa kwamankhwala. Ginger amakhala wodziwika ndi mavitamini apamwamba a B, A, C. Ginger amapereka kukoma koyaka kwa ginger. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ginger cingiberen, camphene, bisabolene, citral ndi zina kuphatikiza ndi amino acid ndi zinthu zina zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zochizira. Ginger wa ginger amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ngati prophylactic komanso matenda osiyanasiyana a anti-yotupa ndi bactericidal, choleretic, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, pochiza matenda am'mimba, chiwindi. Ku East Asia, asing'anga achikhalidwe amalimbikitsa mankhwala a ginger kuti akumbukire. Amawaona kuti ndi njira yachilengedwe yopititsira patsogolo unyamata.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ginger pophika
Ginger wa ginger amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo limodzi kapena chinthu chimodzi chazakudya zozizira komanso zotentha. Zochizira decoctions, infusions. Pogwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera popanga zipatso zotsekemera, moŵa (ginger wodala), wowonjezeredwa ku confectionery, konzekerani sosefa nyama mbale. Tiyi ya ginger payokha monga njira yochizira chimfine ndi chakumwa chopatsa mphamvu pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kutopa. Kuti mukhale ndi chomera chofunikira kunyumba ndizofunikira.
Ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger wodwala, kapena ginger weniweni, kapena ginger wamba (Zingiber officinale). © H. ZellZinsinsi za kukula ginger
Chifukwa chake, ginger imamera paliponse, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe chimodzi - kupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha, chinyezi chokwanira, mthunzi wocheperako (cheza chakumapeto chimayambitsa mbewu), popanda kukoka ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Ku Russia, ginger samalimidwa ponseponse. M'maluwa aluso kum'mwera kwina, ginger amamera pamabedi ang'onoang'ono ngati chomera pachaka. Ku Russia, nthawi zambiri imamera m'malo obiriwira, masamba, komanso ngati chomera - m'nyumba ndi m'miphika yamaluwa. Magawo onse a ginger amakhala ndi fungo labwino la ndimu. Ganizirani zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mulime mbewu yofunikayi.
Kulima ginger pamalo poyera
Kuti mupeze mphukira yathunthu, mbewu ya ginger iyenera kukhala m'nthaka kwa miyezi 8 mpaka 10. Popeza nthawi yayitali yokukula, chikhalidwe, ndibwino kukula kudzera mu mbande.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi kwa mbande za ginger
Ginger amakonda mpweya wonyowa ndipo salekerera kuthirira kwambiri. Kwa mbande, osakaniza dothi amakonzedwa kuchokera ku humus, humus, mchenga ndi dothi labwino dothi, 1: 1: 1: 1. Humus zopangidwa ndi wokonzeka kugula zitha kugulidwa pasitolo. Osakaniza ayenera kusakanikirana bwino, kufalikira m'mikapu kapena m'miphika yayitali yokwanira 25 cm, moisten.
Pakutha kwa mwezi wa February, ma ginger wochotsa mu ginger amayikidwa mu zotengera zokhazikitsidwa ndi impso. Anabzala ma rhizomes 3-4 masentimita owazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza ndikumwetsa madzi ambiri. Kumbukirani! Madzimadzi amafunikira. Pambuyo masiku 15-20, mphukira zazing'ono za ginger zimawonekera.
Kumera kwa ginger. © Patrick TAMKukonzekeretsa tchire kuti mubzale
Ma Rhizomes obzala atha kugulidwa ku malo ogulitsa kapena masamba ogulitsa. Zomera zobzala ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono (zofunika) komanso zatsopano. Chipilala chaching'ono chimakutidwa ndi khungwa losalala la golide woyera, ali ndi maso (monga mbatata). Osagula ma rhizomes owonongeka, makwinya, aulesi, owuma pang'ono. Sadzakhala ndi moyo ndipo sadzapanga mphukira.
Asanabzalire mbande, nthambizizi imanyowa kwa maola 12-20 m'madzi otentha. Impso nthawi imeneyi zimayamba kutupa. Dulani zodzalazo mu lobes kuti aliyense akhale ndi masamba 2-3. Maula amachitika bwino kwambiri pakumapepuka kwa njira za nthambuyo. Zilonda zapamtunda ziyenera kutetezedwa ku zowola ndi zowononga bowa. Itha kuthandizidwa ndi biofungicide, owazidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena makala ophwanyika.
Kukonzekera mabedi chifukwa chodzala mbande za ginger
Kuti zinthu zikuyendere bwino, ginger amayenera nthaka yopepuka ya acidity yokhala ndi michere yambiri. M'dzinja, nthaka imamasulidwa ndi masentimita 25-30 kuti ipange kama wofewa. Atakumba, amabweretsa zidebe ziwiri za humus ndi chidebe chamchenga. m lalikulu. Ngati dothi latha mu michere, onjezani 50-80 g / sq. m nitrofoski. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera kapena lokwinya, ndikofunikira kuti ngalandeyo ikhale ndi miyala yosalala ndi mchenga kapena tchipisi tanthete tambiri (imayambitsa nthaka yosalowererapo) ndi zinyalala zodulidwa bwino potengulira mundawo.
Kubzala Mbande za Ginger
Nthaka zamphukira zokhala ndi mphukira zamasamba zibzalidwe kosatha mu Epulo-Meyi. Kuteteza ku nyengo zosakhazikika (ngakhale kum'mwera), malo obisalamo amaphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro kwakanthawi kuchokera mufilimu kapena zinthu zina zophimba. Asanabzala, dothi liyenera kupukutidwa mokwanira. Njira yofikira ndi yachilendo. Kuzama kwa mzerewo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Mzere umatha kukonkhedwa ndi humus kapena humus okhwima. Kufalikira kumera Delenki pambuyo pa masentimita 30 ndikuwaza ndi dothi.
Ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger wodwala, kapena ginger weniweni, kapena ginger wamba (Zingiber officinale). © DalgialChisamaliro Kubzala Ginger
Pakatha masiku 30 mpaka 40, mphukira zazing'ono zimawonekera pansi. Kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira kumakhala kotakataka ndipo mbewu zimafunikira chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka ndi m'mlengalenga. Zomera za ginger zimapoperedwa katatu pa sabata kuchokera pa madzi okwanira ndi mauna osaloledwa ndipo musalole kuti dothi lithe kulowa pansi. Patatha tsiku limodzi kuthirira, nthaka imamasulidwa kuti mpweya wabwino uzitha kumera. Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi bwino kuchitidwa m'mawa tisanadye 9 ndipo mukatha kudya chakudya pasanadutse maola 15-16 masana kuti madontho amadzi asakhale ngati mandala komanso osawotcha masamba a mbewu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pomanga mphuno yake ngati chosungira, ginger amathandizira feteleza. Amadyetsa kamodzi masabata 1.5-2.0, kuyambira gawo la misa mbande. Kuvala kwapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, kusinthana ndi mullein ndi zitosi za mbalame pa dilution ya 1: 10 ndi 1: 15, motero. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, potaziyamu sulfate pamlingo wa 50-60 g pa sq. m lalikulu. Potaziyamu panthawiyi amathandizira kukula kwa ma rhizomes.
Kututa
Ngati ginger wakula pachikhalidwe cha pachaka, ndiye poyambira chikaso ndi masamba akugwa, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa. Pambuyo pa masabata 1.0-1.5 (musamayike dothi), ma rhizomes okhala ndi mizu amakumbidwa mosamala, kuti asawononge mbewu. Amatsukidwa dothi ndi mizu yowonjezera, kutsukidwa ndi litsiro, louma pang'ono padzuwa kapena m'malo owuma, opuma.
Ma Rhizomes amasungidwa m'matumba a bafuta m'malo owuma kapena m'chipinda chamasamba cha firiji. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi + 2 ° C. Muzu mutha kuzizira. Mpweya wokhwima m'gawolo uyenera kukhala wowala wachikasu.
Ngati ginger wakula ngati dimba lokongoletsa, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira muzu umasiyidwa m'nthaka. Pakabzala masika, ma rhizomes amasungidwa pansi pansi pa firiji.
Mawonedwe wamba a mbewu ya ginger wamba. © Eric ToensmeierKulima ginger pakati pa msewu wapakati komanso kumpoto kwa Russia
Pakati komanso kumpoto kwa Russia, ndikofunikira kuti mukukula ginger kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma genizutic mu malo otenthetsera moto ndikupanga kuyatsa kwofunikira, kutentha, chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya.
Malo otetezedwa ayenera kukonzedwa mosamala. Nthaka zosakaniza kubzala muzu wa mazuzitsi zimakonzedwa chimodzimodzi monga kubzala mizu pa mbande. Ntchito zonse zokonzekera dothi lotetezedwa ziyenera kumaliza kumapeto kwa February. Nthaka yatenthedwa kuti + 12 ... + 15 ° С, mpweya mpaka + 25 ... + 30 ° С. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala m'nthaka nthawi zonse ndiye gawo loyambirira la Marichi.
Asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, Delenki iyenera kunyowa m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi. Amathandizidwa ndi muzu ndikuwokedwa m'mabowo osiyana malinga ndi pulani ya 25-30 masentimita motsatana ndi pakati pa mizere 40 cm 40. Kusamalira kumakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba, kulima (onani kulima panthaka).
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zomwe zimapezekanso munkhokwe ndizosiyana kukula ndi mbewu yomwe yabzalidwa munthaka yabwino pamunda. Koma ginger wa ginger wokhala ndi zokolola zazing'ono amakhalabe ndi zothandiza zake komanso kuchiritsa.
Ginger wa mankhwala, kapena ginger wodwala, kapena ginger weniweni, kapena ginger wamba (Zingiber officinale). © Geoffrey HabermanKukula Ginger Wanyumba
Nthawi zambiri ku Russia, ginger, ngakhale kumwera, amakula ngati chomera chamnyumba chokongoletsera komanso mankhwala. Kubzala ma rhizomes pansi pa nyumba panyumba kumachitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma Delenki obzalidwa nthawi yachisanu amakula bwino ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Tikamakula m'nyumba, makulidwe azopezeka ndi zotengera zina zakakonzedwera mbewu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Miphika, makontena, machubu ndi mabokosi ayenera kukhala ndi mulu waukulu, popeza mizu yokhala ndi mizu yolumikizana ili pamalo apansi panthaka. Kutalika kwa zotengera pakulima pachaka kumakhala kokwanira 20-30 cm, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri - masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Matanki amaikidwa pallet yodzaza ndi miyala. Ngati ndi kotheka, poto imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Pansi pa mphikawo, mabowo angapo amapangidwa kuti achotse chinyezi chochulukirapo pakuthirira ndi kuchuluka kwake pakuuma nthaka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Dothi limakonzedwa kuchokera ku humus kapena vermicompost, mchenga ndi nthaka yabwino. Sakanizani kuchuluka kofanana ndikudzaza thanki. Delenki yokonzekerayi imayikidwa m'dothi losanjikizana ndi dothi, ndikukulitsa ndi masentimita ochepa. Patatha masiku 15-20 achinyamata akuwonekera. Thandizo linanso, monga wowonjezera kutentha.
Chomera chokongoletsera choyambirira sichidazidulidwa kwa zaka 2-3, ndipo pambuyo pake njirayi imachitika chaka chilichonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi kufalikira, ginger amapangidwa ndikugawa nthiti. Mukayika, makamaka ndikugawika kwa ma rhizomes, samalani zonse zaukhondo kuchokera polowera mabakiteriya azitsamba ndi bowa zomwe zimayambitsa mizu. Ndikulima zaka zambiri kunyumba, mbewu za ginger zimatha kutalika kwa 1.0-1,5 m kutalika. Masamba a ginger amatuluka bwino m'malo otukuka ndi malalanje achikasu, nthawi zina amakhala ofiira kapena ofiira otuwa. Ku Russia, maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri. Ndi chikasu cha m'mlengalenga wophuka, chomera chimapuma. Munthawi imeneyi, nthambizizi zimakumba ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholinga chake ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi nyumba, kapena gawo la mizu limasungidwa kuti liberekane masika. Olima ena amaluwa wamaluwa nthawi yomweyo amasintha mbewu, ndikulekanitsa gawo la mbewu.
