Medvedka ndi miyeso yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa mbewu zamasamba

Medvedka, kapena kabichi wamunda ndi imodzi mwaziphuphu zoyipitsitsa za mbewu zamunda. Vutoli lafalikira kwambiri ku gawo lonse la Europe la Russian Federation, Caucasus ndi CIS. Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zamasamba (makamaka mbande), mavwende ndi mbewu zaukadaulo (mbatata) zimawonongeka ndi polyphage iyi. Pansi pazachilengedwe, chimbalangondo chimakhala m'malo otentha, panthaka zopanda pake zomwe zimakhala ndi michere. Pamadothi olimidwa, amakonda milu ya ndowe ndi kompositi, mabedi a dzuwa ndi mbewu zamasamba.

Common Bear (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). © David GENOUD

Kufotokozera kwa chimbalangondo

Chimbalangondo ndi cha mtundu wa orthoptera. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda ndipo umasinthira kupita pamimba mumtundu wa azitona. Kutalika kwa kachiromboka ndi masharubu ndi cerci (mafayilo amitundu) kumbuyo kwa m'mimba kumafika 8-10 cm.Maso akulu ndi zida zamkamwa zodonthekera zili pa cephalothorax. Mbali zakutsogolo zamanja zimasinthidwa ndikufanana ndi zokumba zozungulira (monga mole). Kumbuyo kuli mapiko olimba komanso ofewa, omwe nyengo yotentha imathandizira kuuluka kuchokera malo kupita kumalo.

Malo okhala ndi kubereka

Akuluakulu amapitilira "pogona", omwe amakhala kunja kwa dothi lozizira (1.0-2.0 m) kapena ndowe ndi manyowa. Tizilombo timatulutsa hibernation pomwe dothi lomwe lili m'mwambamwamba limafikira + 8- + 10ºС. Zokolola zochuluka za zakudya zogwira ntchito ndikuberekera nyengo yachisanu ikamagona zimawonedwa pakatentha nyengo ya + 12- + 15ºС. Malo ofikira kwambiri ndi manyowa, humus, kompositi. Munthawi imodzimodziyo, yaikaziyo imanyamula ndi kumanga nyumba yadothi yopanda 10-30 cm kuchokera pansi. Chapakatikati pa 10-15 masentimita, kulima kumatha kuwononga zisa za chimbalangondo.

Chapakatikati, musanayambe ntchito, ndikofunikira kupenda bwino mabedi am'munda.

Chala ndi mazira a chimbalangondo wamba. © naturgucker

Komwe kuli chisa cha chimbalangondo ndikosavuta kudziwa ndi "chopumpacho" chomwe chikuchokera pansi patsambalo. Kuzungulira "mabampu" namsongole wamasamba "amatchetedwa" ndi 20-30 masentimita kuti pakhale kuwala kwadzuwa kwambiri ku chisa. Ngati dothi lonyowa, njira zopita ku chisa zimawoneka bwino, pomwe mazira mpaka 400 amakhala okhwima. Mazira a chimbalangondo ndi amtundu wachikasu, ocheperako pang'ono kuposa nandolo. Kutengera nyengo, kutukusira kwa embryonic kumatenga masiku 10-25. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi, mphutsi (ma nymphs) za chimbalangondo, zowala, zofiirira zokhala ndi mapiko, zimachoka pachisa ndikuyamba kudyetsa mwachangu. Kukumbukiranso ntchentche zachikasu zakuda. Zakudya za mphutsi ndizochulukirapo: humus, earthworms, tizilombo nthaka, zomera (makamaka mbande zanthete). Munthawi yakula ndi chitukuko, zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimatha kuwononga mpaka 50% ya mitengo ndi mbewu. Pakutukuka kwawo, achinyamata (nymphs) amapita molt 5 mpaka 10 asanafike munthu wamkulu. Nthawi yolumikizana ndikukula imatenga chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri, kutengera chilengedwe. Monga zimbalangondo zachikulire, mphutsi zazing'ono sizitha kuyimilira kuzizira ndikuzama kulowa kwa mita 1-2 nyengo yachisanu, ngati mulibe manyowa, milu ya kompositi ndi malo ena ofunda pafupi. Pambuyo pa molt wachisanu, zazikazi zimakhwima pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kubereka.

Njira zothanirana ndi chimbalangondo

Njira zopewera

Bizinesi yonse

• Pafamu yeniyeni, malo amafunika kusunga ndi manyowa ndi manyowa. Ngati manyowa atayika pamalo osokonezeka, zinyalala za chakudya zimabalalika, ndiye kuti chimbalangondo (ndi tizirombo tina ndi matenda) tachipangira nyengo yabwino yozizira ndi kubereka.
• Manyowa ndi manyowa ndizoyenera kubweretsa m'nthaka mutatha kukhwima. Ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwa manyowa kwatsopano kukuyembekezeredwa, ndiye kuti imatengedwa kupita kumunda mutakolola ndikuyika mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono mapagetsi. Poterepa, mundawo wakumbidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Asanakukuta, miluyo ndi yotopetsa, ana amisala akuluakulu onyamula kuzizira amasankhidwa, manyowa amwazikana mozungulira malowo ndikukumba mpaka 25-30 cm.
• Chimbalangondo ndi "gourmet" ndipo sichimalola fungo loipa lomwe limadza chifukwa cha chakudya. Kuphatikizira sikumaloleza kununkhira kwa mizu yamakoma a alder ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame. Nthawi zambiri, mbozi amayesera kuti asaphwanye malire a chiwembu, koma "fungo" losasangalatsa limapangitsa kuti lichoke m'deralo momwe mungathere. Ma allergen omwewo kwa iye ndi marigolds ndi calendula. Mabedi a mbatata, biringanya, ndi tomato wobzalidwa ndi mbewuzi samayendera ndi zimbalangondo nthawi yakula; amapita kumadera ena.

Mphutsi zazing'ono zimbalangondo. © Rimantas Vilius

Achikachik

• Kusamalira dimba moyenera kumapereka chikhazikitso choyenera chaukadaulo wachilengedwe - kusungidwa kwa miyambo. Ndiko kugawa koyenera kwa mbewu zomwe zimathandiza kuchita ntchito zonse zosamalira mbeu munthawi yake, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo m'dera limodzi.
• Kugawikanso zinyalala zanyengo ikadzakololedwa, kukumba kwakuya (kum'mwera zigawo ndikwabwino ndikotulukamo), chithandizo chapamwamba kwambiri cha masika otentha komanso chosakhalitsa chimayambitsa kufa kwa 70-90% ya nthaka ndi tizirombo tomera. Kuchepetsa kwambiri (masentimita 12 mpaka 15) kutalikirana kwa mizere kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, chifukwa sikuwononga mizu yaying'ono yazomera zobzalidwa, koma kuwononga kulumikizana kwapansi panthaka ya chimbalangondo ndikuwononga mazira ndi mphutsi.
• Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidified, ndikumayambitsa phulusa lambiri mu mzere m'miyeso yoyambira pobzala mbewu ndipo njira zimakhumudwitsa tizilombo. Yang'anani! Pa dothi losalowerera ndale zamchere, kuwonjezera phulusa palibwino. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa dothi kumalepheretsa mbewu zingapo zamasamba.
• Kuthana ndi ulimi wothirira kumapereka mbewu zabwino pamipangidwe, zimakulitsa kulimbana ndi tizirombo. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwawo.
• Njira zonse zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitika molingana ndi kuzungulira kwa tizilombo, kuphatikizapo chimbalangondo. Chitetezo choyambirira kapena kuchepetsedwa sichingapereke tanthauzo. Anthu akuluakulu atha kufa, koma mbadwo wachichepere (anthu 300-400 pachisa chilichonse) udzasefukira m'mundamo.

Njira zoyeserera zolimbana ndi chimbalangondo

M'malo achinsinsi, njira zoyendetsera zimbalangondo zimaperekedwa koyenera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha thanzi la achikulire ndi ana, ziweto, mbalame ndi anthu ena okhala m'malo ochepa a malowa. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa tsamba la tizirombo ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuyamba ndi njira zodzitetezera. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pokonzekera nthawi ya epiphytotic ndi chimbalangondo cha mibadwo yonse (3-5 sq.m pa mita lalikulu).

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumapangidwa pamaziko a microflora yamoyo, yogwira ntchito yomwe singavulaze thanzi la mabanja komanso nyama zamagazi ofunda. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumagawika m'magulu awiri: kuthana ndi kuthana ndi tizirombo m'munda.

Common Bear (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). © Jérémie Lapèze

Kuchokera pachangu changa

Ndakhala ndikuchita kanyumba ka chilimwe kwa zaka zopitilira 25. M'munda wamaluwa, ndikuwona kutuluka kwachikhalidwe, ndimakhala ndi mndandanda waukulu wamasamba ndi mbewu zina zaka zambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, adapanga njira zake zogwirira ntchito ndi chimbalangondo, kuchuluka kwake komwe kulibe kanthu m'munda.

Mwa zotchinga, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Otmed. Chipangizo chabwino kwambiri kwachilembo chozikidwa pa zowonjezera ndi zotulutsira tsabola wa cayenne, chitsamba chowawa, mkaka wamakaka, mafuta a adyo, phula ndi mafuta otulutsa. Ndisanabzala mbande, ndimanunkhira madzi onunkhira mu 5 l yamadzi, ndikuviika muzu wa mbewu ndikubzala chikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mulch dothi ndi udzu kapena zinthu zina zopepuka zomwe zimapanga malo abwino kuzungulira mbewu. Kuyambira kununkhira komanso kunzizira, zimbalangondo sizikuyandikira maphunzirowa. Koma mankhwalawa amangosokoneza tizilombo 1 nyengo.

Zachilengedwe Boverin ali ndi mphamvu yayitali, yomwe maziko ake ndi mankhwala a Boveria. Ndimalimbikitsa tizilombo ndi zotsalira za mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndikuwonjezera spoonful ku ma mink ochepa omwe amapita ku chipinda-chogona. Tizilombo tosunthika timatuluka. Ngati ndilibe nthawi yosonkhanitsa, amadyedwa ndi mbalame, amphaka, ma hedgehogs, abuluzi, kachilomboka pansi, nyerere, matanga. Kuchokera ku mankhwalawa, ziweto sizimafa, koma zimatha kudwala. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusonkhetsa chimbalangondo.

Kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Rembek. Kapangidwe kake ka anthu ndi magazi ena okondweretsa kulibe vuto. Kuchita moyenera kumangokhala masiku 25-30, chifukwa nthawi yakula muyenera kubwereza njirayi, makamaka ndikubzala mochedwa komanso mobwerezabwereza. Ndimakonkha dothi lozungulira chomera chobikidwacho ndikukonzekera (kwenikweni mbewu zingapo). Mukamagwiritsanso ntchito, ndimachita zinthu mosiyana ndi momwe: Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mzere wozama masentimita 5, ndikuthira pang'ono, kuwaza kukonzekera mpaka pansi ndikuphimba ndi dothi losafunikira (osaposa masentimita). Kukhazikitsa nyambo kumawononga chimbalangondo cha mibadwo yonse.

Posachedwa, zatsopano zopanga zachilengedwe "Kurkliai" zawonekera. Bioadditiveyi ndi yosangalatsa chilengedwe; ikafikiridwa m'nthaka, imawononga bwino chimbalangondo ndi mphuthu zake popanda kuwononga chilengedwe.

Chisa chokhala ndi mphutsi za chimbalangondo. © Nigel Spring

Mankhwala

Ngati zimbalangondo zidasefukira m'mundawo ndipo njira zachilengedwe sizibweretsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka, njira zoyenera kuchitapo kanthu ziyenera kuchitidwa. Makampani opanga mankhwala amapereka mndandanda waukulu wa mankhwala omwe amapha chimbalangondo. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala Thunder, Prestige, Medvetox-U, Phenaxin +, Karbofos, Aktara, Aldrin ndi ena. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo, omwe nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pakayikidwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo, koma mathero ake ndi amodzi - kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa tizirombo timafa mkati mwa masiku kapena masabata.

Chifukwa chake, kuti muteteze tsabola wa Bulgaria, tomato, biringanya, kabichi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Aktara, komwe anthu azaka zonse amafa mkati mwa maola 1.5-2.0. Njira yothandizira pokonza mbewu imakonzedwa pamlingo wa 1.5 g / 1 l yamadzi ofunda.

Kwa mbatata, komanso tomato ndi kabichi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Medvetoks-U", yomwe imapanga mizere yopangidwa pakati pa mizere pakati pa masentimita 3-5. Kuyambira pamwambapa, mzere umakutidwa ndi dothi laling'ono ndikunyowa bwino (popanda kusefukira).

Kuyimitsidwa "Kutchuka" kuli ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Mankhwala amasamalira mizu ya mbande iliyonse. Mizu yodzala musanabzalidwe m'nthaka imatha kupirira kwa maola atatu mu njira (10 ml / 1 l yamadzi) kutchuka.

Fungo lokopa la phenoxin + limakondedwa kwambiri ndi akazi. Amayesetsa kupangitsa chisa kukhala pafupi ndi chakudya chokoma. Tadya mankhwalawa, tizirombo timwalira. Phenoxin + amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mizere kapena kupsinjika mu manyowa, humus, kompositi. Ma granules ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi. Ngati sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pazolinga zawo, pang'onopang'ono amasungunuka m'nthaka osavulaza.

Common Bear (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). © Andrew Chingwe

Kuphika nyambo zakupha

Ndimagwiritsa ntchito nyambo za poizoni kamodzi pazaka 4-5, kenako ndimatembenukira ku njira zodzitetezera zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa (onani gawo "kuchokera pachangu changa"). Ndimakonza nyambo ya mankhwala motere. Ndikuphika 2 kg ya tirigu mpaka theka yophika, ozizira, kuwonjezera ma fanizo kapena ma ampoules a 1-2 "BI-58", ndikuwonjezera supuni 2-3 (makamaka zonunkhira zopangidwa ndi ena) onenepa. Sakanizani bwino. M'munda, nditatha 50 cm, ndimapanga mizere ya 3-5 cm mozama modutsa. Ndimafalitsa nyambo mosamala mumiyala ndi magolovesi ndikuwaphimba ndi dothi masentimita 2-3. Ngati ngalirozi ziuma, inyowetsani ndi kamtsinje kochepa kuchokera mumtsinje wothirira. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndimachita opareshoni iyi, ndidatola theka la malita asanu a nyama zazikulu. Chaka chino - zidutswa zochepa.

Kumbukirani! Ma kemikali onse ndi oopsa. Musaiwale kutenga zodzitetezera (zovala, magolovu, zogoba, mutu, kupuma kapena kuvala kwamtundu wambiri) mukamagwira ntchito. Pambuyo pogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, muyenera kusamba ndikusintha kukhala zovala zatsopano.

Common Bear (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa). © Laurent Schwebel

Njira zachikhalidwe zolimbirana chimbalangondo

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha njira zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zachikhalidwe cha anthu zimaperekedwa patsamba ndi m'mabuku. Si onse omwe amagwira ntchito, ena samapereka chifukwa chilichonse. Ngati mukusowa chochita, muyenera kuyang'ana "machitidwe" a chimbalangondo. Amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa mowa. Chifukwa chake:

• thanki yokhala ndi moŵa wowawasa pachiwembucho ndi msampha wabwino,
• Botolo la magalasi awiri ndi awiri lokhala ndi khosi lalikulu, lopaka mafuta kuchokera mkati (m'dera lotseguka khosi) ndi uchi, lidzakopa chimbalangondo ndi fungo labwino. Mutha kuthira kupanikizana pang'ono pansi. Ikani chidebe ndi dothi, ndikuphimbe ndi udzu wochepa wa udzu ndi plywood yokhotakhota. Kugwera pansi pa chimbudzi, chimbalangondo sichitha kutuluka.

Samalola kununkhira kwa mitundu ina ya zitsamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Wobzala pakati pa mbewu (mbatata, phwetekere, biringanya), calendula, marigold, chrysanthemums, kuwopsyeza chimbalangondo, komanso kukula kwa mizu.

Kuphimba kubzala masamba, ngati mukupeza chimbalangondo, dzazani madzi sopo wokonzedwa kuchokera ku sopo ochapira kapena kuchapira zovala. Chingwe, chimbalangondo chaching'ono chimakwawa pansi. Ndi zopereka munthawi yake, zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga.

Mutha kuwaza ndowe zowuma mumayendedwe. Zimbalangondo sizilekerera fungo lake, zimachoka.