Feteleza otchuka

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa, akamagwiritsa feteleza m'nthaka, amafuna, choyambirira, kuti awonjezere zokolola za mbewu inayake. Zowonjezera, kuwonjezera pa izi, amalandiranso chitetezo chomera komanso kukonza dothi, ndiko kuti, mosakayikira maubwino ena. Koma zovuta zoterezi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati feteleza ataphatikizidwa molondola, milingo yake imawerengedwa molondola, nthawi ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito feteleza m'nthaka zimasankhidwa molondola. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za feteleza wotchuka kwambiri yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga ziweto, mawonekedwe ndi njira zogwirira ntchito.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere.

Mitengo ya feteleza ndichinsinsi chakuchita bwino

Musaganize kuti feteleza wochulukirapo atawonjezedwa m'nthaka ya m'mundawo, mbewuzo zimakhala bwino, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa sodium nitrate kapena zopanda vuto, zooneka ngati laimu, kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa calcium m'nthaka ndikupangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magnesium . Ndikusowa kwa magnesium komanso calcium yambiri munthaka, masamba amatha kuyamba kutaya masamba, zipatso zimatha kusintha mtundu, discolor, mawanga amdima nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pakatikati pa zipatso, zamkati mwake, ndipo minofu imafa.

Zachidziwikire, kusowa kwa chakudya m'dothi kumakhudzanso mbewu, zomerazi zikufa ndi njala, chitetezo chawo chimafooka, zimatha kulekerera chilala, kulimba nthawi yachisanu, nthawi zambiri zimadwala komanso zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.

Nthawi zambiri pakalesa feteleza wina aliyense dzina lake, kapangidwe ka feteleza, komanso kuti ndi uti (chinthu) chomwe chiri chachikulu komanso zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zina, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa. Pali buku la ma CD molingana ndi momwe mungawerengere momwe angawerengere ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake, feteleza wina aliyense wam'madzi amasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwake kwachilengedwe kusungunuka m'madzi kapena kudziunjikira chinyezi. Dziwani kuti kukhathamira kwa mapangidwe a hygroscopicity, ndiye kuti, ngati feteleza akugwira ntchito bwino akamalandira chinyezi nthawi yosungirako, ma granules (omwe nthawi zambiri michere ya mineral imangokhala ma granules) amapunthwa mwachangu, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti ataya katundu wawo.

Kodi ndizotheka kuyendetsa zinthu pokhapokha ngati zinthu za organic?

Nthawi zambiri, kuchokera kwa olima masamba omwe mumatha kumva kuti pakukula kwathunthu ndikukula zipatso zamasamba, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito "organic" chokha, koma feteleza wa mineral ndiovomerezeka mwina osagwiritsa ntchito konse, kapena muyezo waukulu.

Mwa feteleza wachilengedwe m'mundamo, manyowa a ng'ombe (slush, speakerer, manyowa owola), zitosi za nkhuku (kuchepetsedwa 15, komanso nthawi 20), komanso zomwe zimayankhulidwa zomwe zimapezeka pompesa feteleza wobiriwira (maudzu, maula, ndi zina zambiri) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. ) Komabe, kodi zinthu ngati izi zokha ndi zomwe zingakwanire mbewu zamasamba? Feteleza wamtundu wanji? Mosakayikira, feteleza wachilengedwe wophatikizidwa, wokhala ndi zowonjezera zitatuzo, pafupifupi zinthu zonse za patebulopo, komabe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mu organic nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa. Ndiye kuti, ndi nkhani yosankha mulingo woyenera wa zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe ndizambiri kapena zomwe sizotheka kuzichita nthawi zonse.

Werengani nkhani zathu: Feteleza zachilengedwe: mitundu, mafayilo, zolakwika.

Kodi feteleza wa mcherewe umakhala ndi chiyani?

Ponena za feteleza wa mchere, ndizosavuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kuphatikiza, feteleza awa amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimafotokozedwa mosamalitsa, nthawi zambiri kapangidwe kake kamakhala koyambira ndipo kamakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zoyambira ndi zinthu zina zosafunika.

Amasiyanitsidwa ndi feteleza wamafuta amtundu wosavuta komanso zovuta. Feteleza za mtundu woyamba siziyenera kukhala ndi chinthu chimodzi, palinso zowonjezera (zochulukirapo) zomwe zimagwira ntchito zothandiza. Feteleza za mtundu wachiwiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ziwiri kapena zingapo zazikuluzikulu zochulukirapo komanso zingapo zowonjezera.

Zophatikiza michere zimakhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimadziwika bwino: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kuphatikiza, zinthu izi nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa, kenako feteleza amatchedwa zovuta. Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Feteleza wa Nitrogen

Zopangira feteleza, zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu lomwe ndi nayitrogeni, zimatha kukhala mu nitrate, mwachitsanzo, calcium calcium, nitrate ya ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate fomu ammonium nitrate, komanso m'njira yofanana ndi urea yodziwika ndi aliyense.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu, kupatula kukhalapo kwa chinthu chachikulu - mitundu ina imadziwika mosiyana ndi dothi. Nthaka imalandira mitundu ya ammonium ndi ammonia mwachangu momwe mungathere, feteleza wa fomu ya nitrate nawonso amatengeka, koma amathanso kuchotsedwa mu dothi mwachangu, komwe sikumakhala bwino kwa mbewu.

Kuti musankhe feteleza woyenera, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa dothi lanu. Mwachitsanzo, dothi la sod-podzolic, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala acidic, "limakonda" mitundu ya nitrate yomwe imakhala ndi zamchere, koma mayiko omwe mayankho ake poyambirira amakhala osaphatikizika kapena osagwirizana nawo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito amide kapena ammonium, yomwe imatha kuwapangitsa kukhala ochepa.

Werengani nkhani zathu mwatsatanetsatane: feteleza wa Nitrogen.

Feteleza wagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri wa nayitrogeni:

Ammonium nitrate

Mu malo oyamba, inde, ammonium nitrate, okhala ndi 26% (otsika m'masukulu) mpaka 34.4% (masukulu apamwamba) a nayitrogeni mu ammonia ndi mawonekedwe a nitrate. Nthawi zambiri ammonium nitrate imakhala ngati ufa; imayambitsidwa mchaka nthawi zambiri pansi pokumba dothi ndi fosholo zonse.

Feteleza wachilengedwe uyu ndiwofunikira bwino pamakoma munthaka komanso momasuka, koma chachiwiri chitha kungomwazika pamtunda. Feteleza uyu amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masamba azomera zamasamba kuti athandize kukula pantchito..

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti asanakagone pabedi, ayenera kusakanikirana ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu, nthawi zambiri 1: 2, kwa 250 g ya ammonia silitra, 0,5 kg ya laimu kapena ufa umafunika. Beetroot ndi mbatata zimayankha bwino fetelezayu, koma amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba ena. Zokhudza kusakaniza, ndizovomerezeka kusakaniza ndi potaziyamu sulfate, phosphoric ufa, urea ndi potaziyamu nitrate.

Urea

Urea, kapena urea, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mundamo osachepera, ili ndi 46% nayitrogeni, ili mu mawonekedwe a ammonia. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamtunduwu pa dothi lililonse, ndipo mwa njira yosungunuka yomwe fetelezayu ndiwothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa mukamauma youma (makhiristo), gawo lalikulu la nayitrogeni limatsukidwa. Kumbukirani kuti urea ikhoza asidi nthaka.chifukwa chake, 50 g wa urea ayenera kukhala 40 g wa laimu. Zoposa 15 g za urea siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pa mita imodzi ya mabedi, apo ayi mbewu zamasamba zimagwiritsa ntchito michere yambiri pakupanga kwamasamba osokoneza bongo kuti zisawononge mbewu.

Ntchito yovomerezeka ya urea ndi calcium calcium, manyowa a ng'ombe ndi potaziyamu.

Werengani nkhani yathu yatsatanetsatane: Zambiri za urea mwatsatanetsatane. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Phosphate feteleza

Pali zosankha zingapo za feteleza wa phosphoric mineral, mwachitsanzo, madzi osungunuka, ndiye kuti, amatengeka msanga ndi mbewu, mwachitsanzo, superphosphate yosavuta kapena iwiri; osakwanira m'madzi, koma sungunuka mu asidi ofooka ngati citric acid - mwachitsanzo, ufa wam'mafupa ndi sungunuka kokha mu ma asidi amphamvu - mwachitsanzo phosphorite ufa.

Werengani nkhani zathu: Zambiri za feteleza wa phosphorous mwatsatanetsatane.

Feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wa phosphate

Superphosphate

Superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ili ndi pafupifupi 14 - 20% ya phosphorous oxide yotengedwa ndi zomera, komanso mawonekedwe a sulfure ndi gypsum. Ubwino wa superphosphate umaphatikizaponso kuti samapindika konse ndipo amasungunuka mosavuta.

Feteleza wa mchereyu amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri zamasamba, kuyambitsa kwake kumayankha bwino: tomato, nkhaka, mbatata, biringanya, anyezi, kaloti, kabichi yoyera ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana zobiriwira.

Ndikotheka kuchulukitsa dothi ndi feteleza wachilengedweyu mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira mukakumba pansi, komanso kuwonjezera panthaka, mwachitsanzo, mukadzala mbande. Kwa mbande za mbewu zamasamba pa masikweya mita imodzi, zosaposa 28 g za superphosphate zimafunikira, ndipo nthawi yakula pachitsamba chilichonse kapena mita lalikulu (mbewu zobiriwira) zimangokhala 3.5-4 g. Dziwani kuti pakapita nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate kumatha kupatutsa nthaka p mbali ndi acidic.

Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: Superphosphate - zopindulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito.

Superphosphate pawiri

Superphosphate ndi iwiri, komanso ndiyofala kwambiri, imatha kukhala ndi 48 mpaka 48% ya phosphorous oxide yotengedwa ndi mbeu komanso zovuta za gypsum. Pa zabwino za feteleza, ziyenera kudziwidwa: zimasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndipo zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali osakwatira.

M'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, onetsetsani kuti mukuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa phosphoric acid pamaapangidwe ake, chifukwa chake, 20 g pa lalikulu mita yokwanira mbande, ndi 2 g yokha yomwe imafunikira chitsamba cha mbewu zazikulu zamasamba kapena mita imodzi ya munda wobiriwira.

Feteleza wa Potashi

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti feteleza wambiri wa potash amakhala ndi chlorine, chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa feteleza wa masamba azomera sikovomerezeka.

Zofunika! Komabe, musanyalanyaze feteleza onse wa potashi, chifukwa choopa kuvulaza masamba, kumbukirani kuti gawo lamkango la mkango likufuna kwambiri feteleza wotere, makamaka masamba monga beetroot, kaloti ndi mbatata zimafuna potaziyamu yambiri kuti chitukuke chonse.

Werengani nkhani zathu: Zambiri za feteleza wa potashi mwatsatanetsatane.

Fertilizer Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Masiku Ano

Potaziyamu sulfate

Nthawi zambiri potaziyamu sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa, momwe 50% yogwira ntchito; ngakhale pakasungidwa nthawi yayitali, sipondaponda konse, palibe chlorine choyipa pamaudindo ake, feteleza amasungunuka bwino, wamaluwa amaonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedweyu kuloledwa kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo, komanso mkati mwake. Ntchito yovomerezeka yophatikiza ndi feteleza ambiri kupatula nayitrogeni.

Phulusa

Feteleza wachiwiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phulusa. Mwambiri, phulusa ndi feteleza weniweni wa multicomplex, lili ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndi calcium, palinso ma magnesium, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina, palibe nitrogen yekha.

Kuipa kwa phulusa lamatabwa ndikuti pakhoza kukhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri m'mapangidwe ake, ndipo zochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, phulusa kuchokera pakuwotcha linden kapena birch lili ndi 900% potaziyamu, koma phulusa la coniferous lili ndi calcium 20-40%, ndi potaziyamu pali zochepa kwambiri, kuphatikiza apo, phulusa lotereli limatha kufalitsa nthaka ya dimba pakapita nthawi.

Ponena za phulusa lathunthu, mawu ake oyamba amalondola monga feteleza wamkulu komanso ngati chowonjezera. Makamaka zowoneka bwino ndizovuta zakugwiritsira ntchito phulusa la nkhuni pa sing'anga pakapangidwe komanso dothi lolemera, nthawi iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yophukira kapena masika, ndipo phulusa limathanso kuthandizidwa mukabzala.

Tomato, nkhaka, kabichi yoyera, mbatata, beets tebulo, anyezi ndi kaloti zimayankha bwino kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni.

Werengani zinthu zathu: Wood phulusa - feteleza wachilengedwe.

Multicomponent feteleza

Tifika pa mitundu yambiri ya michere yama mineral yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa, ndiko kuti, mkati mwake momwe muli zigawo zingapo zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: feteleza wophatikiza wama mineral.

Zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri feteleza wa mchere

Nitroammofoska

Pamwamba mndandanda wa nayitroammophosk, mu mpaka 16 - 17% ya nayitrogeni, pafupifupi 24% ya phosphorous, pang'ono pang'ono kuposa potaziyamu 16 - 28%. Nitroammophoska samasungunuka m'madzi, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale ngati dothi ndilopepuka, ndibwino - kumayambiriro kwa nyengo komanso mosemphanitsa, komanso nyengo yayitali.

Bwino pa feteleza wopanda mchereyu amayankha tomato, mbatata, beets tebulo, nkhaka, mochepera - mbewu zina zamasamba. Nthawi zambiri, 16-18 g wa feteleza uyu amadyera pa lalikulu mita.

Ammofoska

Ammophoska ali m'malo wachiwiri ndi nitrogen 12%, phosphorous 15, potaziyamu 15%, sulfure 14%, komanso calcium ndi magnesium. Ammophoska amalemeretsa nthaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, kutalika kwake ndi kumapeto. Ammofoska ndioyenera nthaka zamtundu zambiri, ndizofunikira makamaka pamtunda wa saline.

Yankho labwino kwambiri ku tomato wa ammophosque, nkhaka, anyezi, kaloti, ofooka pang'ono - masamba ena.

Diammofoska

Diammofoska, kuchokera ku umuna wa michere yambiri yama michere yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, imaphatikizapo, kutengera zolembedwa ndi wopanga (9-25-25 kapena 10-26-26), nayitrogeni 9 kapena 10% mu mawonekedwe ammonium, 25 kapena 26% phosphorous oxide ndi 25 kapena 26% potaziyamu. Fetelezayu mulibe chlorine, chifukwa chake mutha kumawadyetsa masamba nthawi yayitali.

Feteleza wa mchereyu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe alimi omwe amadzaza dothi momasuka ndi zina zotero feteleza uyu wokhala ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni zomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe zimapezeka munthaka, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino. Chokhacho chofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino: mukamagwiritsa ntchito dachas, komwe kuthirira sikumachitika kawirikawiri, kapena pamtunda wouma kwambiri, feteleza uyu ayenera kukonza mu dothi, koma pamadothi okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, m'malo mwake, amwazani pansi.

Tawafotokozera feteleza amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku onse. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena ndemanga, tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu.