Ma primroses osasiyanitsidwa amafananizidwa ndi kukongola ndi chiyambi ndi maluwa osatha a ma hyacinths - inflorescence "zokhotakhota" izi pamphamvu, ngakhale sizikhala zazikulu patimagulu tonse tabwino pakukakamiza komanso m'magulu. Zomera zambiri zimatha kusilira kuchuluka kwa nthano za duwa la hyacinth, chifukwa chikhalidwechi chidatchedwa mwana wa Tsar Sparta, ndipo, ngati si Agiriki akale, adadziwika kuti adalemba nthano zabwino kwambiri! Kufotokozera kwamaluwa amitundu yayikulu kwambiri, komanso malingaliro mwatsatanetsatane kuti alime, mudzalandira izi.
Nthano ya hyacinth ndi momwe maluwa amaonekera (ndi chithunzi)
Kale m'mbuyomu, anthu amasilira pang'onopang'ono inflorescence ya hyacinth, yopeka nthano za izi. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, "hyacinth" amatanthauza "duwa lamvula". Achi Greek adamuwonanso ngati duwa lachisoni pokumbukira Hyacinth. Mwana wamwamuna wachichepere wa mfumu ya Spartan Hyacinth adaphimbidwa ndi kukongola ndi kupusa kwa milungu ya Olimpiki. Mnyamatayo adathandizidwa ndi Apollo ndi Zefaniya - mulungu wa kumwera. Nthawi zambiri amatsika ku Olympus kupita kwa mnyamata wokongola ndikumakhala naye, ndikusangalala kosaka kapena masewera. Nthawi ina Apollo ndi Hyacinth atayamba kuponya chimbale. Chigoba cha mkuwa chinawulukira mokulira, koma sizinatheke kudziwa wopambana - Hyacinth sanali wotsika kuposa Mulungu. Mwa mphamvu zomaliza Apollo adaponya diski pansi pamitambo. Zefaniya, akuwopa kugonja kwa mnzake, adawomba kwambiri kotero kuti disc idasunthira ndikuwombera mosadziwika bwino kwa Hyacinth kumaso. Chilondacho chidapha. Imfa ya mnyamatayo idakhumudwitsa Apollo, ndipo adasandutsa madontho a magazi ake kukhala maluwa okongola. Mu Greece wakale, mudalinso mpambo wachipembedzo cha Hyacinth, chomwe pambuyo pake chinali inu
wokhala ndi chiphunzitso cha Apollo. Hyacinth amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kufa komanso kubadwanso.
Poyamba, kufotokozera kwathunthu kwamomwe maluwa amtundu wa hyacinth amaonekera ngati chomera chamtundu wa kakombo. Maluwa onunkhira amafanana ndi mabelu asanu ndi amitundu 6. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence, momwe mumatha kukhala maluwa 12 mpaka 45. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa awiri.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzi cha maluwa, ma salacinth amabwera osiyanasiyana - abuluu, lilac, pinki, ofiira, oyera, achikaso ndi lalanje:
Chipangizocho chimakhala chopanda masamba, chilili, ndipo kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 45 cm. Masamba otambalala otambalala 25-30 masentimita amatengedwa mu rosette yoyambira. Babu yopanga imakhala ndi masikelo osungirako okwanira 15-20, okhala moyandikana kwambiri. Zapezeka pamtengo wofupikitsidwa - pansi. Kunja, babuwo amaphimbidwa ndi mamba obisala. Pali ubale wotsimikizika pakati pa mtundu wa maluwa ndi mababu. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa amtambo, abuluu ndi maluwa a violet nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mababu okhala ndi mamba akunja ofiira. M'maluwa oyera otuwa, mababu okhala ndi mamba opepuka amiyala, okhala ndi maluwa oyera ofiira, okhala ndimaso amdima. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa achikasu zimakhala ndi mabulosi otuwa, ndipo ma pinki amakhala ndi lilac.
Zofala kwambiri ndizowonekera za Dutch hyacinth chakummawa. Amadziwika ndi inflorescence wandiweyani wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuyambira yoyera mpaka ya utoto kwambiri. Peduncle 25-30 masentimita okwanira.Yoyenera kubzala kwa magulu pamabedi a maluwa kapena mumbale.
Ma hybrids aku Dutch amadziwika ndi mtundu komanso maluwa.
Gulu la ma hyacinths aku Roma nawonso amadziwika. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, owoneka bwino, oyera, ofiira kapena abuluu atakhala pampando pang'ono (15 cm). Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphunzitsira.
Mitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imatulutsa maulendo angapo, maluwawo amakhala otayirira ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu woyera, wapinki kapena wamtambo. Ndizoyenera kubzala komanso kubzala kutchire. Ma hyacinth amitundu ingapo, onga achi Roma, amatulutsa zipatso pamaso pa azungu achi Dutch.
Gulu lotsiriza ndi ma hyacinths, kapena ma calellas. Choyimiriridwa ndi mitundu yaying'ono (12-15 cm kutalika) zamitundu yotchuka ya ma hybrids aku Dutch, monga Delft Blue, Jan Bos, Lady Derby, Mzinda wa Harlem, Lord Balfour.
Mitundu yotchuka ya buluu ndi lilac hyacinths
Mitundu yamtambo yamtundu wa hyacinths:
Bismarck Maluwa ndi ofiirira komanso amtambo wamtali wautali, wamkulu - mpaka 4 cm, pamtunda wautali (mpaka 2,5 cm). Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi wotakata modabwitsa, masentimita 12 kutalika ndi 9 masentimita 9. inflorescence ndi maluwa 20-25. Mtundu umodzi wodziwika bwino wa hyacinths uli ndi ma cetonos mpaka 25 cm. Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri malo otseguka. Maluwa oyambira. Ndizoyenera kuphukira koyambirira.
Buluu wa Delft. Maluwa ndi amtambo, akulu - mpaka 4 cm. The inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, lonse ndi kutalika kwa 10-12 masentimita ndi mainchesi mpaka 9 cm. Mu inflorescence wa maluwa 25-37. Kutalika kwa mapesi amtunduwu amtundu wa 25c. Amalimbikitsidwa kutulutsa malo, kudula, kukakamiza.
Ostara. Maluwa ndi a buluu omwe amavala kamtambo kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa phesi ndi 20 cm cm. inflorescence ndi wandiweyani 12 cm komanso 5 cm.
Onani chithunzicho momwe ma hyacinth a buluu amawonekera:
Lilac mitundu yama hyacinths:
"Amethyst." Maluwa ndi a lilac, m'mphepete amakongoletsedwa kwambiri, akulu, mpaka 4 cm. Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi wandiweyani mpaka 15cm komanso kutalika kwa 8 cm, wokhala ndi maluwa 25-30. Peduncle kutalika mpaka 24 cm. Zabwino kwambiri kubzala ndi kudula, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakubowoleza kwapakati.
"Lord Balfour." Maluwa a Lilac okhala ndi lilac yakuda yotchulidwa mozungulira bwino, m'mphepete mwa maluwa ndi amtambo wakuda. Kutalika kwamaluwa kumakhala mpaka 4 cm. inflorescence ndi cylindrical 12 cm kutalika ndi mpaka 7 masentimita, muli maluwa 20. Peduncle mpaka masentimita 24. Maluwa oyambira. Pagulu la mitundu ya lilac imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Oyenera malo otseguka, kudula komanso kukakamiza koyambirira.
Mitundu yoyera ndi yapinki ya maluwa oyera (okhala ndi chithunzi)
Mitundu yoyera ya ma hyacinths:
Kusintha Maluwa amakhala oyera matalala ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka 4 masentimita, ma petals amatseguka, lonse. Inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa 20-25, cylindrical, mpaka 12 cm kutalika mpaka 7 cm. Peduncle mpaka 25 cm. Maluwa oyambira. Chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri zamitundu yonse: imagwiritsidwa ntchito potseguka, kumizidwa kwa zipatso ndikungodula.
Carnegie Maluwa ndi oyera, mpaka mainchesi 4, omwe amatulutsidwa m'makulidwe amiyala yaying'ono, 10 cm kutalika ndi 5 cm. Chiwerengero cha maluwa mu inflorescence ndi 20-25. Kutalika kwa peduncle mpaka 22 cm. Maluwa apakatikati. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za kulima kwakunja, kudula ndikukakamiza.
Apa mutha kuwona zithunzi za ma hyacinths oyera omwe amadziwika ndi kukongola kwake kwapadera:
Mitundu yapinki ya hyacinths:
"Anna Marie." Maluwa ake ndi pinki ndipo amakhala ndi mtambo wamdima wautali. Inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa 30-30. Peduncle kutalika mpaka 25 cm. Duwa la pinki la hyacinth limavomerezedwa kuti limangidwe kukongoletsa maluwa mu nthaka ndi kuphukira koyambirira.
"Dona Derby." Maluwa ndi opepuka pinki, matte, okhala ndi mzere wamdima, masentimita 3-4.
Tchera khutu ku chithunzi - mawonekedwe apinki a pinki mu inflorescence a maluwa 23-25, ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical:
Bzalani kutalika 11 masentimita ndi awiri masentimita 5. Peduncle mpaka 22 cm. Nthawi yayitali maluwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potseguka, kudula ndi kukakamiza.
"Pearl Pinki." Maluwa ake ndi pinki kwambiri ndi mtambo wakuda kwambiri. Inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa 20 mpaka 22. Peduncle mpaka 23 cm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo, kudula ndi kuphukira koyambirira.
Mitundu yofiira, yachikasu ndi lalanje ya hyacinths
Mitundu yofiira ya ma hyacinths:
"La Victoire." Maluwa ndi pinki rasipiberi, wowala. Kutalika kwa muvi wamaluwa kumakhala mpaka 25 cm. Chimalimbikitsidwa pakuphukira koyambirira, kubzala ndi kudula.
"Ian Bos." Maluwa okhala ndi masentimita ofika mpaka 3 cm, mtundu wowala wa fuchsin, wowala m'mphepete, wokhala ndi pharynx yoyera. Mu inflorescence wa maluwa 25-30. Imakhala yotakata, yaying'ono, yozungulira komanso yotalika mpaka 10cm komanso mainchesi 5.5 cm. Peduncle 16-18 masentimita okwera. Maonekedwe a inflorescence yachiwiri ndichikhalidwe, chomwe chimakulitsa kutalika kwa maluwa. Zabwino kwambiri kuphukira koyambirira.
Mitundu ya chikasu ndi lalanje:
"Mfumukazi ya Gypsy." Maluwa ndi a lalanje, omwe amatengedwa mumitundu yowala (kuchokera 20 maluwa 25) a mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Peduncle mpaka masentimita 22. Maluwa apakatikati. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakulima kwakunja ndi kutulutsa kunenepa.
Mzinda wa Harlem.Maluwa ndi achikasu achikasu, chakumapeto kwa maluwa - zonona zonona. The inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, cylindrical mawonekedwe, muli 20-25 maluwa. Peduncle 25-27 masentimita okwera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukongoletsa maluwa pansi, kukakamiza ndi kudula.
Pansipa pali zithunzi za mitundu ya hyacinth nthawi zambiri zomwe zimabzalidwa mu ziwembu zanu:
Ma hyacinths omwe akukula poyera: Kubzala ndi chisamaliro
Kubzala ma hyacinths pamalo otseguka, ngakhale madera okhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi madzi osambira osankhidwa amasankhidwa, chifukwa ngakhale kukokoloka pang'ono kwamadzi kumatha kudzetsa matenda ndi kufa kwa mababu. Izi ndizomera zoyambirira maluwa, choncho zibzalidwe pakati pa mitengo ndi zitsamba. Kupanga malo abwino okulira ma hyacinths kum'mwera zigawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kutipatsa mthunzi pang'ono masana, chifukwa dzuwa lowala limaphuka ndipo mitundu ina imatha kutuluka.
Pakulima ma hyacinths panthaka, nthaka yolima yamchenga yopanda humus, yopanda tsankho, ndiyabwino kwambiri. Nthaka zothina zimakonzedwa ndikuwonjezeranso humus ndi mchenga, ndipo dothi la acidic limamangidwa ku laimu. Asanabzala maluwa a hyacinth, dothi limayamba kukonzekera m'miyezi 1.5-2. Chidebe cha humus, 100 g phulusa, 60 g ya superphosphate ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu sulfate imayambitsidwa pa 1 m2, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza (25-30 g). Kenako nthaka imakumbidwa mpaka 30-30 cm.
Alimi ambiri olima maluwa amakula masentimita 1520 cm komanso 1-1.2 m mulifupi, zomwe zimateteza mababu kuti asawonongeke nyengo yamvula. Masentimita 20 aliwonse, osunthika umapangidwa ndikuzama masentimita 20, mchenga wowuma ndi phulusa umathiridwa pansi kuti utulutse ngalande ndikuteteza pansi kuti singavunde. Mababu akuluakulu amasunthidwa kudutsa masentimita 12 mpaka 15 akuya masentimita 15 mpaka 20 ndipo amakutidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga, phulusa ndi nthaka. Mababu ang'onoang'ono ndi khanda lobzalidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 5-6 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake mpaka akuya masentimita 5-8. Mutabzala, zitunda zimaphikidwa.
Mababu obzalidwa nthawi ya kugwa, kutentha kwa nthaka kukafika 8-9 ° C. Kutentha kwa dothi ndi chinyezi chokwanira ndikofunikira pakuzika mizu. Mababu nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa munjira yapakati kumapeto kwa Seputembala, komanso kum'mwera kwambiri kwa Okutobala. Mutabzala ma hyacinths mukasamalira mababu panthaka patatha masabata awiri ndi atatu, mbewuzo zikazika mizu, mutha kupatsanso chovala chamadzimadzi pamwamba 20 feteleza (20 g / m2). Ndi isanayambike chisanu, minda yodzala ndi masamba kapena masamba a spruce okhala ndi masentimita 10-15. Matalala akadzagwa, zitunda zidakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Mukamakula maluwa a hyacinth, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha malo obzala chaka chilichonse. Ma hyacinths amabwerera kumalo awo oyambira zaka 5-6.
Momwe mungasamalire ma hyacinths: kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthilira
Ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yoti muphunzire kusamalira maluwa okhala ndi ma hyacinths nthawi yakula. Palibe chovuta: muyenera kuchotsa pogona nthawi yomweyo chisanu chisungunuke, kumasula nthawi zonse, udzu, zomerazi zodwala, madzi ndi manyowa. Ngakhale ma hyacinth amachokera kumaiko ofunda, ndizosadabwitsa kuti amalimbana ndi kuzizira nthawi ya masika. Kuchokera pa chisanu iwo amatuluka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kale ndi masamba. Amatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -10 ° C. Zomera sizikhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mukukula, ma hyacinths amadyetsedwa katatu: woyamba kuthira feteleza ndi nayitrogeni ndikofunikira - 15 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi pa 1 m2. Imachitika pomwe mbewuzo zikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba ndi nthawi yamaluwa pamlingo wa 20-25 g wa feteleza wovuta pa 1 m2. Zomera zimayankha bwino kudyetsa kulowetsedwa kwa mbalame ndowe kapena enzymatic zitsamba slurry. Kachitatu ma hyacinths amadyetsedwa kumapeto kwa maluwa - superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sodium 20-25 g pa 1 m2. Nayitrogeni sanaphatikizidwe mukuvala kwachitatu kwapamwamba. Pamodzi ndi superphosphate, phulusa lamatabwa lingathe kuwonjezeredwa.
Popeza ma hyacinths ndi amodzi omwe amakhala ndi mchere wololera mchere, olima maluwa ena sangathe kuvala gawo limodzi lokhathamira: 70-80 g ya feteleza wathunthu pa 1 m2. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nitroammophoska yokhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Mukamayang'anira momwe mungasamalire ma hyacinths, musaiwale kuthirira. Mu nyengo youma, kuthilira kumakhala kofunikira pambuyo pa masiku atatu. Ma hyacinths amafunidwa kwambiri pokana chinyezi nthawi ya maluwa. Kutsirira kumapitilira kumapeto kwa maluwa - mpaka chikasu masamba.
Kubalana Bulacinth chochuluka (ndi kanema)
Kukumba mababu a hyacinths kuyenera kukhala chaka chilichonse, chifukwa pakuyika inflorescence chaka chamawa, kutentha kwina kumafunikira. Ngati mababu atasiyidwa munthaka, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa masamba adzakhala ochepa, obiriwira, osakhazikika. Kummwera kwa Russia, kufukula kumachitika mkati mwa Juni, mkanjira yapakati - theka lachiwiri la Julayi, pomwe masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma, koma sanapatsane ndi babu. Mababu okimbidwa amawuma kwa masiku awiri a 2 mumtsinje panja. Kenako amagwedeza nthaka ndikuwasambitsa, ndikutsuka mizu, zotsalira zamasamba ndi zopondera matayala, ndikuchotsa odwala ndi ovulala. Asanabzala, mababu amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C.
Njira yayikulu yofalitsira ma hyacinths, monga mababu ambiri, ndiwosakhomera (wa mababu a ana), ndipo kufalitsa mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kubereka. Koma zokwanira kubala kwachilengedwe mu hyacinths ndizochepa. Pakulima kamodzi, ana akulu akulu nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuchokera ku babu yayikulu (kutengera mitundu), ndipo mababu okhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 5 cm samakhala mwana konse. Izi zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa chikhalidwe cha hyacinths pachikhalidwe.
Mababu amafalitsa ma hyacinths mu kugwa, ndipo mutazika mizu, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa panthaka.
Kalelo m'zaka za zana la XVIII. Alimi a maluwa achi Dutch adawona kuti mababu omwe ali ndi donut yowonongeka ndi mbewa amapanga mababu ambiri aakazi. Kuyambira pamenepo, kudula pansi (pang'ono, kenako kwadzaza) kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo kufalitsa kwa ma hyacinths.
Pali njira zambiri zothandizira kufalitsa ma hyacinths: kudula kwapadera ndi kudula kwamkati kwa pansi, kudula kwathunthu pansi, kudzipatula kwa impso yayikulu, kupeza ana kuchokera mamba amodzi ngakhale masamba masamba, kutentha mababu.
Kanema "Kufalikira kwa Hyacinth" kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe mungapangire bwino kuyika kwa bulb:
