Salinization wa dothi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo mdera lanu. Ngakhale mitengo kapena tchire la nthaka yotereyi ndizovuta kutola, ndipo mitengo yokhazikika ndi maluwa. Zowona, izi sizowona kwathunthu: pakati pa mitengo yazomera therere palinso Spartans omwe saopa kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere ndi chilengedwe chowonongeka. Kusankhidwa bwino kwa mitundu yazomera kumapangitsa kuti dimba lizikhala lolima ngakhale m'malo ovuta.
Maluwa pabedi pamalopo ndi dothi lamchereMavuto a dothi lamchere ndi kuwononga kwawo
Mchere wa dothi, komanso mpweya wodetsedwa, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, umawerengedwa kuti ndi zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimasokoneza malo komanso zimabweretsa zovuta pakusankhidwa kwa mbewu. Kukhazikika kwa mchere m'nthaka sikungawoneke popanda maphunziro apadera, kumawoneka pokhapokha pazomera ndi kutukuka kwawo.
M'minda yamtundu, vuto la mchere ndi lodziwika pokhapokha malo omwe amasungidwa m'misasa yamchere, yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyanja kapena nyanja yamchere. Salinization ndi vuto la kuyendetsa molakwika kwa icing kapena kuyandikira kwa dimba m'mbali mwa njira, misewu, misewu yapagulu - chilichonse chomwe mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi icing nthawi yachisanu. Salinization amathanso kuchitika pamene madzi osafunikira okhala ndi mchere wambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Dothi lililonse, kuchuluka kwa mchere sungunuka womwe umaposa 0,1%, amaonedwa ngati mchere.
Kukhazikika kwa mchere m'nthaka kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu, kusokoneza komanso kudodometsa, kuyanika ndi kuwonongeka kwa zokongoletsa pazomera zambiri zomwe zimalimidwa kwa ife, koma osati zonse. Mitengo yaminda yamaluwa ndi yotakata osati kukula kwake, kalembedwe, mtundu wa masamba, mawonekedwe a maluwa, zokonda zowunikira, komanso mwa mawonekedwe a nthaka. Pamodzi ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonzeka ndi kapangidwe ka dothi lamtunda, pali mbewu zomwe sizikuyenda bwino m'nthaka, ndipo koposa - zokonzeka kupirira pazovuta za ambiri ampikisano. Kusankha bwino kwamasamba kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi malo oyenera kutengapo gawo ngakhale malo ovuta kwambiri. Ndipo salinization dothi si choncho.
Kusankha mbewu zomwe zitha kulolera mchere wamtunda m'nthaka, nthawi zonse zimayang'ana kwambiri tchire ndi mitengo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mipanda ndi malo otetezera ozungulira mbali ya malowo. Koma sikofunikira kuti muzingokhala ndi zimphona, komanso kusiya mapulani opanga maluwa opendekeka a maluwa kapena mabedi a maluwa, nyimbo zokongola komanso zosangalatsa. Palibe amene waletsa kalembedwe ka mundawo, mtundu wake, mawonekedwe ake, kuphatikiza malo amchere. Ndipo ntchito yotsegulira malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri ingathandize kuthana ndi masamba a herbaceous osankhidwa bwino.
Ngakhale tsankho, ndi udzu wobiriwira, osati wobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena zitsamba wamba zamitengo ndi mitengo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito bwino mchere. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:
- Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, ikafika nthawi yolimbana ndi zojambula chipale chofewa ndi ma ching'onoting'ono, udzu wobiriwira udayamba kufa, kuyanika, magawo apamwamba pamtunda, ndipo ikudza nthawi yopumula kwathunthu.
- Kuti mcherewo ufe mwakuya pansi pamizu yazomera zanyengo, ndikwanira kupukuta madzi osungunuka bwino (kapena kasupe ndikokwanira kuchita kuthirira kwambiri).
- Zomera zoterezi ndizosavuta kubwezeretsa ndikusintha masimba ngati mitundu yomwe idasankhidwa kale ikula bwino ndipo sizichita malinga ndikuyembekezera.
Maluwa pabedi pamalopo ndi dothi lamchereKusankha njira zowonera malo opanda mchere, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ntchito yanu momwe mungathere ndikupereka mwayi wosintha nyimbo mtsogolo. Kwa madera a saline, ndibwino kuti tisankhe nyimbo zovuta, koma kusankha mitundu yodalirika yazomera 3-7, posiyanitsa ndikuwulula mawonekedwe amundawo, ndikupanga kophweka (poganiza kuti panjira ikubwereza) - rectangle, mraba kapena bwalo. Kudzaza dera lonselo, chosankhidwa chimangobwerezedwa, kubwerezedwa, kumenyedwa, kufikira kukula komwe mukufuna. Njira yodzala yomweyi ipangitsa kuti, ngati kuli kotheka, kusintha chomera chimodzi mosavuta ndi chimzake, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingabzalidwe ndikupanga kusintha kwakanthawi.
Mukakulitsa herbaceous perennials m'malo a saline, ndikofunikira kuti musaiwale za chisamaliro chapanthawi yake. Kuchotsa mbali zowuma ndi zowonongeka zam'mera mu nthawi yophukira, kubwezeretsanso panthawi yake ndikubzala, kusunga mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ochokera ku feteleza wachilengedwe kudzalola mbewu kukhalabe zokongoletsa kwa zaka zambiri. Kuthirira mu kasupe kungathandize kuthana ndi madongosolo atsopano a mchere, ndipo nthawi yotentha - kusunga kukopa kwa greenery. Kupanda kutero, kusamalako ndikufanana ndi dimba lina lirilonse la maluwa ndipo amabwera kudzamasula, kumasula dothi, ndikuchotsa maluwa. Ngati mbewu zibzalidwe m'malo momwe zimatha kupezamo madzi akuda pansi pa matayala agalimoto, ndiye kuti mulch mugwiritse ntchito udzu, nthambi zanthete, singano, zomwe nthawi zina zimasinthidwa ndikuwonongeka. M'nyengo yozizira, mulching zoterezi zithandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wamsewu pamsewu.
Zowoneka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri zamasamba a saline
Masana (Hemerocallis) ndi imodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino za maluwa azitsamba, zomwe maluwa ake sakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi masamba ofunda oyambira omwe asungidwa m'miyala yoluka.
Daylily (Hemerocallis).
Ngakhale pa nthawi ya kukula kwa masamba achichepere, tchire limawoneka bwino kwambiri. Kukongola kwa maluwa osatha ano, ndikupanga mitundu yachilendo, kumabweretsa makulidwe komanso kukongola kumunda uliwonse wamaluwa. Daylily amawoneka bwino kwambiri m'chilimwe, ndipo masamba amagogomezera kukongola kwa maluwa, kukumbukira mawonekedwe a maluwa achifumu. Maluwa ophuka masana tsiku limodzi lokha (sizitanthauza kuti chomeracho timatcha kuti timagazi ofiira), koma maluwa mosalekeza amapitirirabe kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa chilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina maluwa amasinthanso maluwa. Mukugwa, iwo amachoka m'munda mwachangu, koma kuyiwalanso masewera awo a chilimwe sikophweka.
Chomera chololera mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala okha.
Steller Wormwood (Artemisia stelleriana) - mawonekedwe owoneka okongola okhala ndi mphukira zofala komanso maluwa obiriwira modabwitsa, zingwe za siliva zomwe zingakondweretse aliyense. Ichi ndichotsegulira chabwino chowonetsa talente yake pamadothi a saline.
Wormwood Steller (Artemisia stelleriana).
Ngakhale mphutsi zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati zingwe zasiliva zapamwamba. Chitsamba chimakondwera ndi masamba achichepere theka loyamba la masika, osataya kukopa kwake mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yamunda. Udzu umawoneka bwino kwambiri chilimwe, pomwe kukongola m'mphepete mwa masamba kumawonekera bwino. Duwa la chomera limakhala losawoneka bwino, lamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira silikusokoneza mbewuzo, komanso sizikopa chidwi cha nyenyezi zazikulu zomwe zili pafupi. Kuchepetsa inflorescence, kuwongola tsitsi kumapangitsa kuti chowongolera chisangotaya kukongola nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, komanso kukhalabe chokongoletsera pamalowo ngakhale pofika nyengo yachisanu.
Chomera chololera mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala okha.
Coreopsis anakuwa (Coreopsis verticillata) - imodzi mwazowala zowala kwambiri ndi basiketi inflorescence, zomwe zimapambana makamaka ndi msipu wake wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira. Ndi mtundu wolimba, wodziwika ndi kulimba kwawo.
Coreopsis verticillataKutalika kwa coreopsis kong'ambika sikungakhale kokha kwa mita 1. Mphukira zobowoka sizikuwoneka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba owonda, osokedwa ndi singano, owoneka bwino obiriwira omwe amapanga mawonekedwe apamwamba opindika Ma inflorescence ndiwowoneka ngati nyenyezi, chowala, chikaso chowoneka bwino, zimawoneka ngati zabalalika pazomera zonyezimira ngati nyenyezi zowala. Koreopsis amasangalala ndi masamba okongoletsera kokha theka lachigawo la masika. Komano mtundu wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino wobiriwira sapezeka m'mizu ina. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mabasiketi a inflorescence ayamba kutulutsa maluwa, amawoneka kuti akuwunikira malo panjira ndi njira.
Chomera chololera mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala okha.
Stonecrop (Sedum) gonjetsani ndi kusakhazikika kwawo ndi kupirira kwawo. Kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito sedum pakupangika kwa mundawo sikungokhala ndi madera a saline okha. Koma mchere wolephera kuposa miyala yamiyala (Sedum rupestre), palibe mitundu ina yomwe ingadzitamande.
Stonecrop mwala, kapena miyala ya Sedum (Sedum rupestre)Stonecrop ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yophatikizika ya sedum yomwe imatha kupanga mphasa zolimba. Kutalika, kumakhala kotalika masentimita 25. Mfuti zimagona, ndi masamba ofanana ndi awl. Mitundu nthawi zambiri imawala kwambiri. Stonecrops ndi masamba awo opepuka owoneka bwino mapilo theka lachiwiri la masika imatsitsimutsa kapangidwe kake. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino, ndibwino kuti muchepetse miyala yoyambirira koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Chomera chololeza mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala bwino komanso ometa.
Euphorbia multicolor (Euphorbia epithymoides- - yamtundu wodabwitsa kwambiri wa milkweed. Maluwa okongola komanso osalala a ma tchire opanga bwino amasanduliza euphorbia kukhala chomera chabwino kwambiri cha masika kukongoletsa malo aliwonse, kuphatikiza ndi dothi la saline.
Euphorbia multicolor (Euphorbia epithymoides).
Mtundu uwu wa mkaka wamkaka ukhoza kupitirira theka la mita. Milkweed imakwanitsa kukongoletsa kwambiri mu nthawi ya mvula. Multicolor euphorbia ndi nsonga zake zowala, zachikaso pamatchi achichepere zimakopa chidwi cha anthu kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, ngakhale chikufika pokongoletsa kwambiri pafupi ndi chilimwe. Euphorbia pachimake kumayambiriro chilimwe kwambiri chimawononga kukongola kwa mtengowo. Koma adzachita kale ntchito yake pamasamba amchere mokwanira, ndipo oyandikana nawo omwe akukula amatha kulipirira izi. Kudulira panthawiyi kuthandizira kupitiliza kukongola ndi kukongola kwa msipu, kusangalala ndi phale lomwe limagwa.
Chomera chololera mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo owala okha.
Aquilegia waku Canada (Aquilegia canadensis) ndi amodzi mwa mitundu "yapadera" yogwira. Maluwa ake, ndi maonekedwe a tchire, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ndi mitundu yanonso ya hybrids, komanso kupanda zipatso.
Aquilegia canadian (Aquilegia canadensis).
Canilean aquilegia ndi wamtali wautali (mpaka 60 cm) wokhala ndi chitsamba chofalikira, chofiyira kapena chobiriwira, chokongoletsedwa bwino ndi masamba akuda ndi maluwa amodzi, yayikulu, yopendekera mpaka 5 cm kutalika kwa mtundu wachikasu ndi chikasu kutulutsa maluwa. Aquilegia limamasula pakati pa kasupe. Zogwira mtima komanso zamatsenga zamatsenga ake sizinapange pachabe maina otchuka okongola. Zovala khumi ndi chimodzi, ngakhale zili ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, zimawoneka zokongola osati mawonekedwe apangidwe okha. Ndipo kuti ma aquilegia aziwoneka okongola, amatha kudulidwa pang'ono kapena kutulutsa maluwa kutulutsa kakulidwe kake kuti kakuthandizire kukula kwa greenery ndi mphukira.
Chomera chopanda mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa madera opanda mthunzi kapena opanda mthunzi.
Liriope Muscari (Liriope muscari) ndi imodzi mwazithunzi zosadziwika bwino kwambiri pamoto uliwonse wamaluwa. Zithunzi zosakhala bwino komanso zamaluwa, zokongoletsera zapamwamba, mawonekedwe apadera a mawonekedwe amakula zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito lilopa ngati ulemu wapadera. Ndipo kukana kwa mchere kumadabwitsa ngakhale odziwa zamaluwa.
Muscari Liriope (Liriope muscari).
Mizu yachilendo ndi ma stolon pamizu ya lyriope ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe sizingatheke. Masamba obiriwira, ozungulira, amdima obiriwira, opindika bwino m'makatani ndipo ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofanana ndi mikanda, inflorescence mpaka 30 cm kumtunda kukopa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a muscari lyriope. Ma inflorescence owoneka bwino a mitengo ya lyriope ndi masamba ake owonda amawoneka abwino kwambiri nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, ndipo mbewuyo imawoneka ngati akasupe obiriwira. Makandulo amtundu wa Violet-buluu amaika zodzikongoletsera pa sod ndikugogomezera chomera chake chatsopano. Liriope amawoneka bwino ngakhale nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chake kugwa ndikwabwino kuti musathamangire kudula mbewuyo.
Chomera chopanda mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo ndi kuunika kwabwino komanso kopanda pake.
Zofewa zofewa (Alchemilla mollis) - imodzi mwazida zazikulu zokongoletsera komanso zopatsa chidwi ndi othandizira maluwa. Mosasamala ndi mikhalidwe, kuthekera kokula naye ndikofunikira.
Soft cuff (Alchemilla mollis).
Cuff ndi yofewa - okhazikika osakhazikika mpaka theka la mita kukwera ndi masamba ozungulira, ofewa, osangalatsa kwambiri obiriwira. Maluwa a masika otumphukira akuwoneka ngati zingwe zolimba. Kanema wobiriwira ndi wachikasu amawoneka odabwitsa komanso amawunikira ngakhale ngodya zakuda kwambiri. Pambuyo pakutha, ndibwino kudula cuff, kuti pambuyo pake mukhozenso kusangalala ndi chiwonetsero chokongola mobwerezabwereza. Masamba ake owoneka bwino kwambiri, m'dzinja cuff amangofa kokha pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsikira mpaka -5 madigiri.
Chomera chosagwira mcherechi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa chilichonse, kuphatikiza madera omata.
Nippon Wanderer (lero akukonzanso monga Anisocampium niponicumkoma dzina lakale Athyrium niponicum komanso wamba) - imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri za fern. Masamba ake ndi okongola komanso osazolowereka kotero kuti amakhulupirira kuti bonasi yabwino imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwoneka bwino kwa mbewuyo - kuthekera kokukula panthaka za saline ndizovuta kwambiri.
Nipponian coed skier (Anisocampium niponicum, yemwe kale anali Athyrium niponicum).
Masamba achichepere a coxemera amakopa maso osiririka mu kasupe, kutuluka kutulutsa ndi utoto wofiirira. Koma nthawi yotentha, masamba opaka imvi amawoneka bwino. Matsenga ofiira kapena ofiira, odabwitsa okongola a ma cirrus obes wa wai, kusinthasintha kwazitsulo kosintha kutembenukira kubiriwira kwa Nippon wandender kukhala kukongoletsa koyenera kwa mthunzi. Chozizwitsa chosemedwa cha skier chimawoneka chokongola ndipo chimalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyo imakhala yotalika mpaka 40-60 cm.
Chomera chopanda mchere ichi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo okhala ndi magetsi owonekera padera.
Tiyeneranso kulabadira mbewu zina zomwe zikulonjeza kulekerera kwawo dothi la saline - buluu, veronica, gaiyardia, tsimitsifugu, sinamoni wachikasu, Chinese astilba, hylebore hybrids, santolina, periwinkle, Schmidt wormwood, evergreen Iberis, armerihas primorye, primorye kumva, digitis lalikulu-maluwa, atatu-waldstein, stonecrop Kamchatka, oyera Byzantine.
Njira zakuwongolera mchere
Kunyalanyaza vuto lakomwe kulumidwa kwa nthaka kumakhala koopsa. Pa chiwembu chilichonse chomwe chili m'mundamu, mutha kusankha mbewu zoyenera, koma zovuta izi zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa kwambiri, kusowa kwa njira zochepetsera mulingo wamchere kumapangitsa kuti ngakhale nyenyezi zolimba kwambiri sizitha kupirira mchere wambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pakusankha zikhalidwe zoyenera, ndikofunikira kusamalira njira zopewa kukula kwa izi:
- kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mchere kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo;
- yesetsani kuthana ndi nthawi yayitali ndi chipale chambiri ndikuchichotsa pamsewu ndi njira kuti mupewe zochitika ngati sizingatheke kupirira popanda ma chemist odana ndi ayezi;
- sinthani mchere wambiri ndi zinthu zotetezeka - mchenga, potaziyamu kapena calcium-magnesium acetate;
- khazikitsani chitetezo cha mphepo komanso mipanda yayitali ngati dimba lanu lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja, etc.
