Mbande

Mwendo wakuda ndi mliri weniweni wa mbande, nthawi zambiri umakhudza mbande za mbewu monga phwetekere, tsabola, belu, nkhaka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi, radish, letesi, komanso mbewu zamaluwa - petunias ndi ena okulidwa kudzera mbande. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mwendo wakuda ndi momwe ungathane nawo, kuphatikizapo njira zothandiza kwambiri, komanso momwe mungapewere kuti zisachitike, kutanthauza njira zodzitetezera.

Mwendo wakuda pambewu ya fodya.

Kodi mwendo wakuda wa mbande ndi chiyani?

Mwendo wakuda - womwe nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amatulutsa mbande za ziwembu zanu kapena zogulitsa, amatchedwa mizu yakuzungulira khosi. Matendawa ndi fungal, pamapeto pake, ndikukula kwachangu, amachititsa kugona kwa mbande ndi kufa kwake kwathunthu.

Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti mbande zanu zidakhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda, ngati mupenda mosamala maziko a mbeuyo, apo, pankhani ya matendawa, mutha kuwona kusintha kwa minofu, kutanthauza kuti, kudera kwake, komanso ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa matenda achilala awa. Nthawi zambiri malo a khosi muzu.

Nthawi zambiri mwendo wakuda umawonekera kwambiri kuyambira pomwe nthawi zamera zikumera nyemba zimangowoneka pamwamba pa nthaka mpaka mbuto zimapanga masamba awiri kapena atatu owona.

Chifukwa chiyani mwendo wakuda umapangidwa ndikukula?

Pali zifukwa zambiri zopangira ndi kukhazikika kwachangu kwa matenda ngati mwendo wakuda wa mbande; uwu ukhoza kukhala dothi lomwe mwachiwonekere limakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa mwendo wakuda; kwambiri unakhuthala mbewu, pamene chinyezi stagnates kwa nthawi yayitali m'munsi mwa mbande, amene pamodzi ndi kuphatikiza kutentha amapereka prerequisites kuti chitukuko cha matenda; chinyezi chambiri, pamene chinyezi sichikhala ndi nthawi chamasanzi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbeu; kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino - pamene wolima, akuwopa kulemba, samatulutsa chipinda konse; chinyezi chambiri mu dothi, kuphatikiza kutentha kambiri - awa ndi malo abwino otukukira mwendo wakuda wa mbande; Kusintha kwamphamvu kwa kutentha - pamene wolima dimba, m'malo mwake, amakonda kwambiri kuyatsira chipindacho, chomwe nthawi zina chimayambitsa kutentha kusinthasintha madigiri asanu kapena kuposerapo.

Ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazinthu izi zikuchitika, ndiye kuti nthawi zina masiku asanu ndi awiri okha ndiokwanira kuyambira chiyambi cha kukula kwa phesi lakuda mpaka kudetsa kwathunthu kwa tsinde la mbande ndi kufa kwa mbande. Ngati mutenga mbande zotere m'manja mwanu, mutha kumverera ndi zala zanu momwe zimayambira zimapangidwira mosavuta,, mosiyana, zimadziwika ndi fragility yowonjezereka.

Bowa wa mtundu wa Olpidium amachititsa kuti miyendo yakuda ipangidwe (Olpidium), Podium (Pythium), kapena Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia) Mafangayi onse oyipawa amakhala pamtunda ndipo amadya chomera chakufa. Pakakhala chinyezi chachikulu, bowa amasiya kudya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikuyamba kudya michere yamoyo, kapena amatha kudya ziwalo zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, khosi la mizu lili m'dera langozi nthawi imeneyi.

Njira zopewera kupewa mbande zakuda

Poyamba, nthawi zonse mumayenera kugula mbewu zapamwamba zamitundu yamakono ndi opanga odalirika olembedwa, osasindikizidwa, deti phukusi ndi mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, yesani kupereka zokonda za mitundu yatsopano, koma ndi mbiri yotsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti, ndemanga zomwe zikupezeka kale, ndipo mutha kufananizira mtundu wina ndi mnzake ndi mafotokozedwe ochokera kwa wopanga. Ndipo, inde, yesetsani kupeza mitundu yomwe imalekerera kapena yolimbana ndi matendawa.

Ngati mulibe chitsimikizo cha mbeu, ndiye musanafese, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwayendetse kwa kotala la ola limodzi panjira ya pinki ya potaziyamu, kenako muzitsuka m'madzi. Popewa ndi kutaya mbeu kuchokera ku fungus, ngati ilipo, kuyika nthanga mu njira ya Fitosporin kungathandize. Zilowerere nyemba zitha kukhala kotala la ola limodzi, kenako nkumatsuka m'madzi. Phytosporin itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati prophylaxis yooneka ngati mwendo wakuda ndikutsitsa mbande, patatha tsiku limodzi mbande yolimira, gwiritsani dothi mozungulira mbande zanu, posamala kuti isakule masamba. Chinthu chachikulu mukamapatsa chithandizo ndikungopukuthira nthaka ndi yankho la mankhwalawo, sangathe "kudzaza" mbande.

Nthawi zonse samalani nthawi yoyenera yobzala mbewu. Mtundu wina, wa mbewu inayake, nthawi yofesa mbewu imasonyezedwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala gawo lokamba za nthawi yofesa, simuyenera kunyalanyaza izi.

Simuyenera kuthamanga kwambiri pofesa mbewu, chipindacho sichitha kutentha, chipale chofewa chitha kugona kunja kwazenera ndipo kukuzizira kwambiri, ndipo kuzizira kuchokera pawindo kumangolekezera kukula kwa mbande, kupangitsa kuti zisamasuke kutulutsa chinyezi chambiri ndikuloleza mwendo wakuda kukula pamera yanu.

Patsani mbewuzo ndi zowunikira zambiri, kutengera mbewu zomwe mukukula. Ndi wopanda kuwala, photosynthesis imachepetsa, chinyezi chitha kuchepa, chitetezo chazirombo chimachepetsedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha zonsezi, mwendo wakuda umawoneka.

Mukakulitsa mbande, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi amtundu wa banal ndi mbale zamapulasitiki, koma mapiritsi a peat kapena miphika ya peat-humus. Izi “zida” zamakonozi zimatha kupewa kupewa kuoneka ngati mwendo wakuda kapena zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha mawonekedwe ake kangapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mbande zochokera ku makapu a peat-humus, mwachitsanzo, sizifunika kuchotsedwa - zibzalidwe mwachindunji mu dothi la zobiriwira kapena panthaka, popanda kuwononga mizu. Ngakhale makapu oterowo amawononga ndalama zoposa zapulasitiki, zimathandizira kwambiri ntchito yanu ndikusunga mizu yolimba, ndipo mudzakolola kale.

Ndikofunika kusamalira nthaka musanatsitse nthangala zake pamenepo. Mwachitsanzo, malo osadziwika, omwe mulibe chidaliro, amatha kukhazikika. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yankho la banal lakuda la potaziyamu permanganate. Amakonzedwa motere: muyenera kusungunula magalamu atatu a potaziyamu permanganate mumtsuko wa madzi ofewa (ndiko kuti, kusungunuka kapena kugwa) madzi. Zimathandizanso kupukuta dothi ndikuchotsa mwendo wakuda pochiza ndi kukonza monga Radiance, Renaissance kapena Baikal, ndiye kuti, kukonzekera kwa EM, kapena kuthira ndi madzi otentha, kuwononga mabacteria oyipa (mwatsoka komanso abwino) ndi bowa nthawi imodzi.

Nthaka ikasungunuka m'njira ina, siyani "ipume" kwa masiku atatu, kenako mutha kubzala. Ngati dothi "ladzala" kwambiri ndi michere yambiri, ndiye kuti silikhala loipa ngati mungabalalitse mchenga wamtsinje pamwamba pake, womwe unasambitsidwa kale m'madzi atatu, wopundidwa ndi wouma - umasunga chinyezi chambiri ndikuletsa fungus kuti isakule kwambiri.

Ngati mukukhulupirira kwathunthu dothi labwino, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera kukonzekera kwake, komwe ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kupewa mwendo wakuda ndi matenda ena - Trichodermin. Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta kugula ndipo siokwera mtengo.

Mutabzala, wamaluwa ambiri amabisa chidebe chimodzi ndi mbande za chakudya kapena filimu wamba kapena pulasitiki wamba. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka komanso ngakhale kuchita izi: zikuwoneka ngati wowonjezera kutentha, koma tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale m'malo obiriwira oterowo pokweza filimuyo ndi kupopera nthaka kuchokera pamfuti yopopera ngati iyamba kupukuta kuti nthaka isamaume.

Mizu ndi zimayambira za mbande zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda.

Kulimbana ndi mwendo wakuda pa mbande

Ngati mwendo wakuda udazindikiridwa mochedwa ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mbande anali atatenga kachilombo kale, ndiye kuti choyambirira kuchita ndikupewa kufalikira kwa kachiromboka, ndiko kuti, chotsani odwala ndikuwawotcha. Zoyenera, kuti mbande zotsala ziyenera kuikidwa mu dothi latsopano, koma ngati laling'ono kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kukonza malo omwe mbande zodwala zakula ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate.

Zomera zina zonse zopanda chizindikiro cha matenda ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Fitosporin. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuthirira njira yokonzekera pokhapokha pansi pamizu yazomera zathanzi. Ngati matendawa adakula mbande, pomwe mbewu zake zidatha kupanga masamba owona, ndiye kuti yankho la Fitosporin lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa mbande zonse, kugwera pamasamba, pamitengo, komanso m'nthaka.

Ngati mankhwalawa kulibe, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamkuwa kuti muthane ndi mwendo wakuda, mwachitsanzo, madzi a Bordeaux (1% ndikwanira), mkuwa chloroxide (1.5% yankho), mkuwa wamkuwa (1%) yankho). Ngati palibe chilichonse mwa izi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sikovomerezeka kwa inu, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofooka (yokhala ngati rasipiberi) ya potaziyamu permanganate ndipo amatha kuthira dothi mozungulira mbande zathanzi mutachotsa odwala onse.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu, pomwe mwendo wakuda unagunda kupitirira theka la mbandeyo ndipo palibe poti ungazinyamule, ndipo dothi latsopano silingatengedwire kwina kulikonse, mutha kuwaza dothi ndi sipuni imodzi ya sulfate yamkuwa ndi kapu imodzi ya phulusa la nkhuni yopunthidwa ndi fumbi, kapena mwanzi wabwino kwambiri, ndiye izi mita lalikulu la mbewu.

Zikatero kuti chotupa chilimba ndipo muli ndi malo komanso dothi kuti muthanenso ndi mbande zathanzi pamenepo, ndibwino kuzisankha m'mbale zokhazokha, mutagwiritsa ntchito dothi lopanda zotsalazo kuti mudzaze. Mutha kuthira mchere dothi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kapena mutenga dothi loyenera ndikuwachotsa mu uvuni pamtunda wa ola limodzi. Koma zitatha izi, ndikofunikabe kuthira dothi ndi Fitosporin kapena Bactofit. Mutabzala mbewu m'nthaka, iwo, monga lamulo, samadwala, koma mutha kuthana pang'ono ndi sabata pambuyo pa kukula kwawo m'malo atsopano, kukonzanso makapu m'chipinda ndi kutentha madigiri angapo kutsika kuposa momwe adayimira kale.

Timalimbana ndi mankhwala azitsamba zakuda

Pomaliza, tikupereka zitsanzo za wowerengeka azitsamba polimbana ndi mwendo wakuda. M'malo mwake, pali njira zambiri zolimbanira, koma tasankha zopindulitsa kwambiri.

Pa malo oyamba - kuwaza dothi ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena mwaye ndi wosanjikiza mamilimita ochepa. Wamaluwa akuti pamtunda wakuda mwendo suyenda, ndipo mbande zimakula bwino.

Mu malo achiwiri tiyenera kuthirira mbande ndi yankho la koloko wamba yophika - muyenera supuni imodzi yokha ya supu pagalasi lamadzi, kuchuluka kwake ndikokwanira mita imodzi mwa bokosi la mmera, ndipo muyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata.

Pamalo achitatu - akunyowetsa njere mu yankho la Epin, pomwe mphepowo umasungunuka mu lita imodzi yamadzi ndipo njere zimanyowa usiku, olima mundawo akuti mbandezo sizikhudzidwa ndi mwendo wakuda.

Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti mwendo wakuda ukhoza kuthana ndi njira zonse kudzera m'njira zodzitetezera, ndiko kuti, kuti tipewe zonse zachitika, komanso kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana. Koma musaganize kuti matendawa ndi osayenera kuyang'ana kwa iwo. Mwendo wakuda ndi wowopsa kwambiri ndipo uyenera kusowa pakadali pano pakugonjetsedwa kwa mbande, sizingatheke kubweza masiku otayika, ndipo mbande zimangotayidwa, choncho samalani ndi matenda.