Russian (Ruscus), yomwe imatchedwanso singano, imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la katsitsumzukwa (Asparagaceae). Komabe, pali magawo omwe mbewu iyi imadziwika mu banja lawo la igliceae (Ruscaceae) kapena imaphatikizidwa mu banja lotchedwa lilyaceae.
Chomera chakunyumba chotere, monga singano, chimawoneka bwino kwambiri. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chake chosasangalatsa komanso chisamaliro chosasangalatsa. Itha kumera m'malo otetezeka. Nthawi zambiri, olima maluwa amalima Ruscus ngati chitsamba chowoneka bwino, koma amathanso kupanga ngati mtengo wokongola wa Khrisimasi. Pakupanga zipatso, pafupifupi mbewu yonse imakutidwa ndi zipatso za utoto wofiira. Popeza duwa limakhala lopanda tanthauzo, nthawi zambiri limasankhidwa kukongoletsa osati nyumba zokha, komanso maofesi. Maluwa osasunthika a duwa awa ali utoto wakuda bii. Atadula, sataya mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino kwa miyezi yambiri, chifukwa chake Ruscus ndi woyenera kupeka nyimbo zingapo.
M'mikhalidwe yamtchire, singano imatha kupezeka m'nkhalango za pine ndi thundu ku Western Europe, ku Crimea, Caucasus, komanso kumwera kwa Russia.
Duwa limatha kukula mpaka masentimita 70. Masamba ofanana ndi maluwa onyansa sakhala chinthu china monga masamba otumbululuka, omwe akatswiri amati chuma chamtengo wapatali (phyllocladies). Masamba a Scaly ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake.
Masika, maluwa amayamba, koma maluwa osakonzekera kwenikweni samayimira kukongoletsa kulikonse. Komabe, kuchokera ku maluwa opukutidwa mungu amawoneka zipatso, zomwe, pambuyo yakucha, zimakhala zokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Zipatso sizikugwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, pachitsamba chomwechi pamakhalanso maluwa ndi zipatso zonse. Zotsatira zake, mutha kuwona kuti singano ndiyokongola ndipo ibala zipatso mosalekeza. Kuti zipatso ziwoneke, mbewu zazimuna ndi zazimuna ndizofunikira. Koma nthawi zambiri, zipatso zimapanganso pa singano, yomwe imamera yokha.
Kusamalira singano kunyumba
Kusamalira chomera choterocho ndikosavuta. Kumbukirani kuti kukula kwakukulu ndi chitukuko ku Ruscus kumachitika kokha mchaka. Pakadali pano, mphukira zachinyamata zokhazikika zimayamba kukula. Ndi kukula kotani komwe adzadalire pakuvala kwapamwamba, komanso kuthirira. Chomera ichi chimayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati mphukira zowonongeka, zazing'ono zimatha kumera pokhapokha nthawi yamasika yophukira.
Kuwala
Kuwala kosunthika kumafunikira, koma kumamveka bwino m'malo otetezeka. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mawindo pawindo lakum'mwera kwa chipindacho, ndipo nthawi yotentha - kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Kumbukirani kuti kuwala kwa dzuŵa mwachindunji kumatha kuwononga singano (kufota).
Mitundu yotentha
Mu nthawi ya kasupe ndi chilimwe, mmera umafunikira kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo ndibwino kusunthira mumsewu. M'nyengo yozizira, imafunika kuzizira (kutentha kosalekeza madigiri a 13-15). Chifukwa chake, singano ndiyoyenera kukula m'mahola opepuka, komanso m'malo ochezera abwino. Pali mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu yomwe imakongoletsa nyumbayo kunja.
Chinyezi
Sichifuna chinyezi china. Akatswiri amalangiza mwadongosolo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa russel, komanso kutsuka kuti muchotse fumbi.
Momwe mungamwere
Pa kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira, mmera umafunika kuthirira mwadongosolo. Pambuyo pomwe kukula kwamera, kudzatha kulekerera kusowa kwa kuthirira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika panthawi yogwira 1 pakadutsa masabata atatu kapena anayi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani feteleza wathunthu. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umakhala ndi matalala, ndipo ndizosatheka kudyetsa nthawi ino.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika pakufunika. Kapangidwe ka chitsamba chamtsogolo kamatengera kusankha kwa poto. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kupeza chitsamba chobiriwira, ndiye kuti muyenera kusankha mphika waukulu. Mmenemo, mphukira zazing'ono zimapangika mwachangu kuchokera pa kachakudya kakang'ono kwambiri mu singano. Mu thanki yopapatiza, ruskus sichikhala chitsamba.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Sifunikira nthaka yolemera ndi michere, chifukwa kuthengo imakonda kumera m'mapiri. Komabe, gawo lapansi silikhala lakhuta kwambiri, popeza madzi akunyanja ayenera kupewa. Kupanga kusakaniza kukhala koyenera ndi singano, muyenera kulumikiza pepalalo ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso mchenga pamtunda wa 3: 1: 1. Mphukira zouma zapansi panthaka ziyenera kuchotsedwa pakugulitsa.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi mbewu kapena kugawa chitsamba. Njira yachiwiri ndiyosavuta. Kugawika kwa nthangala ya chomera chodzala mopitilira muyeso kumapangidwa mchaka. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi mizu ndi mphukira. Kumbukirani kuti kuziika kumachitika nthawi yokhayo isanayambe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Osatetezeka kumatenda komanso tizirombo. Mphukira, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi nthata za akangaude zimatha kukhazikika.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Pontic singano (Ruscus aculeatus)
Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 (nthawi zina, masentimita 100). Ali ndi mphukira. Ma lanceolate, ma pyllocladies achikopa amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Amapangidwanso mumutu wautali kwambiri, mutha kuwona bwino mtsempha wapakati. Zipatso za kukula kwakukulu mokwanira ndi utoto wofiirira. Kukucha kumachitika mu Novembala kapena Disembala.
Singano yopanda chotupa (Ruscus hypophyllum)
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwachilengedwe ku Caucasus ndi Mediterranean. Amakonzekera kumera pansi pa mtengo. Motere, m'nyumba zamkati zimatha kukula mwakachetechete. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 50. Ma phyllocladies okongola ndi oblong-lanceolate ndipo amatha kulowa m'munsi.
Iglitsa Colchis (Ruscus colchicus)
Imakhala ndi ma phyllocladies akuluakulu, ndipo tsinde lake silikhala nthambi. Maluwa akutulutsa maluwa pang'onopang'ono nthawi yonse yophukira-yozizira. Ndikayamba masika, zipatso zimacha. Mtundu uwu ndi achire.
Singano hyoid (Ruscus hypoglossum)
Kutalika, chitsamba chimangofika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mtunduwu walembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira. Kutchire, imatha kukumana kumwera kwa Crimea, komanso ku Europe, kumene chomerachi chimakonda kukula m'nkhalango zoterera komanso pamiyala yonyowa komanso pakati pa miyala. M'mabwinja achikopa, amenenso amakongoletsa, pamwamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Singano ya Hirikano (Ruscus hyrcanus)
Mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana kumpoto kwa Iran ndi Caucasus. Ndi mbewu yobiriwira. Amakonzekera kukula m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi carpent yosatha. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 25 mpaka 40.
