Maiwe opanga popanga mawonekedwe a kanyumba kamadzilimwe amapanga mawonekedwe odabwitsa omwe amathandizira kuti muzikhala bwino. Dziwe limapatsa chidwi ndipo likhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokongoletsa malowa.
Dziwe ndi chiyani?
Dziwe ili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, chinthu chomwe chimapanga pakiyo, kanyumba kazilimwe, munda. Imawoneka ngati chisankho chofala kwambiri komanso choyenera cha tsamba lililonse la kukula kwake ndi kukhazikitsidwa.
Itha kukonzedwa mosiyana kapena kuphatikizidwa kuti ikhale yolumikizana ndi malo osungiramo amtundu wamphamvu: mitsinje, mitsinje yamadzi, akasupe.
Dziwe ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamalondawo mu chikhalidwe cha Japan, mwala. Madzi amatsukidwa popanga, pansi ndi mabanki amakongoletsedwa ndi mbewu, miyala. Nthawi zina nsomba zimakwezedwa m'madziwe owumba.
Mitundu ya Maponda
Maiwe okumba m'mundamu amatha kupangidwa mwachilengedwe kapena masitaelo. Iliyonse ya zinthuzi imatha kuganiziridwanso kapena kuukitsidwa. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa madzi pansi - konkriti, dongo, mawonekedwe apadera okhwima, njerwa, filimu yapadera.
Choyimira pakuphatikizidwa kwa dziwe chimatha kukhala mawonekedwe a geometric. Gawani malo osungira osakhalitsa.
- Gulu loyamba ndi lozungulira, lozungulira, lozungulira, losanjikizana, malo okhala ngati diamondi.
- Gulu lachiwiri lili ndi dziwe lomwe kasinthidwe kake kali pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Kusankha mawonekedwe kumadalira kalembedwe kazipangidwe ka dera lonyalanyaza.
Magawo omanga dziwe mdziko muno
Kuti mumange dziwe mdzikolo ndi manja anu, muyenera kuthetsa mabungwe angapo. Choyamba muyenera kusankha zida ndi malo omangira.
Pomwe dziwe liyenera kusankhidwa potengera momwe malowo adapangidwira - tikulimbikitsidwa kukumbukira kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ndikwabwino kuyikapo dziwe m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo komanso kuwunika kwa dzuwa - izi zitha kuvulaza kukula kwa mbewu. Dziwe liyenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa kwa maola osaposa 10 patsiku, koma osachepera maola 6.
Ngati mungaganize zopanga dziwe ndi pampu, muyenera kulingalira za mwayi wamagetsi. Pampu imafunikira ngati dziwe losakanikirana limaphatikizidwa ndi yowunikira.
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa dziwe. Kuti dziwe likhale lolimba, kutsika kwamadzi pansi pamakhala kofunikira.
Ganizirani zinthu zodziwika bwino zoteteza madzi:
- Chingwe. Mitundu yolimba yosiyanasiyana yosinthika zingapo imapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri, madamu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malo mpaka 3-4 sq.m. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki wamba - sichikhala motalika. Zowumba za Fiberglass ndizodalirika komanso zolimba. Zoyipa zake ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri.
- Plywood kapena butyl mphira filimu. Ichi ndi chida chabwino pokonzera dziwe lopanda mafayilo. Zinthu zimadziwika ndi kutanuka, kulimba, kulimba, kukana kwa zinthu zankhanza, kutentha pang'ono komanso kutentha kwambiri. Filimu ya PVC ikhala zaka pafupifupi 15, butiro la butyl - mpaka 50. Kugwiritsa ntchito filimuyi kumapangitsa kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe apansi m'tsogolo, ndikuchita ntchito yokonza mosavuta. Akatswiri amachenjeza kuti polyethylene sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito - siyolimba mokwanira. Komanso, nthawi yachisanu, ndikofunikira kupopera madzi padziwe, kuti ikamasuke isawononge filimuyo.
- Konkriti yolimbikitsidwanso ndi zinthu zodalirika pomanga dziwe lochita kupanga ku kanyumba ndi manja anu. Mwayi waukulu wa konkriti yotsimikizika ndi mphamvu yake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti muwononge. Choyipa ndichakuti ndizovuta kugwira ntchito ndi izi, maluso ena ndi ofunika. Mukamapanga pansi kwambiri padziwe logwiritsa ntchito konkriti yolimbitsa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti ya mtundu winawake. Konkriti yotsitsimutsa ndiyofunikira kwambiri ngati mungaganize zomanga ziboliboli kapena mlatho.
Magawo omanga dziwe mdziko muno, tikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe okhazikika:
- Pofunika kuyikira dzenje lolingana ndi kusintha kwa thanki yosankhidwa. Choyamba, muyenera kufotokozera mizere yazokhazikika ndi fosholo.
- Dzenje la maziko liyenera kukhala lakuzama pang'ono kuposa kuya kwa thanki yokha - pafupi 4-5 cm.
- Pansi muyenera kuphatikiza mchenga.
- Mukakhazikitsa kusamba m dzenje, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kwina kwina kulikonse - amafunika kuti adzazidwe ndi mchenga. Muyenera kusamala makamaka ngati dzenjelo ndilovuta kupanga - mwachitsanzo, lowopsa.
Kupanga dziwe lokhala ndi mafilimu:
- Choyamba muyenera kukumba dzenje. Kugwiritsa ntchito kanema kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga zosungira zingapo. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa dziwe mdziko muno, lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito filimu ya PVC.
Kusankhidwa kwa kanema kumadalira moyo wokonzekera dziwe: PVC ndi labala la butyl lipanga chogwirizira pansi, polyethylene - yotsika mtengo, ikhala zaka 2-4. Polyethylene ndi chisankho cha iwo omwe amakonda kusintha kapangidwe ka munda.
Chofunikira pakusankha ndi mtundu wa kanema:- Buluu, imvi: dziwe limafanana ndi dziwe.
- Kirimu: pansi lidzakhala lopepuka, ndipo motsutsana ndi mbewu zam'mbuyo zotere, nsomba zakunja zimawoneka zokongola.
- Brown: Amatsata dothi lachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a dziwe, pansi choterechi chidzawoneka zachilengedwe momwe zingathere.
- Chakuda: dziwe likhala ngati galasi. Dziwe likuwoneka labwino, labwino - zokongoletsera zoyenera ndizofunikira.
- Konzani zida: mchenga, mulingo womanga, mapasa ndi zikhomo kuti mulembe, fosholo, payipi.
- Kumbani dzenje lopanda ngodya zakuthwa, mabanki ayenera kukhala ndi malo otsetsereka. Chotsani miyala ndi mizu kudzenje la maziko.
- Kuzama kwenikweni kwa mbale yapakati ndi 60 cm.
- Ikani danga lamchenga.
- Ma geotextiles amaikidwa pamwamba pamchenga. Izi ndizofunikira kuteteza filimuyo pakuwonongeka kwa makina.
- Gombe liyenera kuchitiridwa. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba mzere - umafunikira kukongoletsa ndi matailosi, miyala yokongoletsera, njerwa.
- Kanemayo amaikidwa pansi pa dzenje momasuka kuti igoneke popanda mavuto, ndipo ikukhazikika m'mphepete ndi miyala.
- Gawo lomaliza ndikukhazikitsa kwa malo akhungu.
Malangizo a momwe angapangire dziwe lokwera mdziko muno:
- Chinthu chachikulu chokhazikitsa dziwe lotere ndi maziko. Iyenera kutsanulidwa ndikuloledwa kuumitsa. Mutha kupanga dziwe lakuya-theka - chifukwa chake muyenera kukumba dzenje laling'ono. Pilo ya mchenga imayikidwa pansi.
- Ndikofunikira kumanga makoma othandizira ndikuwalola kuti akhale olimba.
- Maziko ndi makhoma atakonzeka, ndikofunikira kupereka madzi odalirika pakuyika kanema wapadera.
- Pang'onopang'ono mudzaze thankiyo ndi madzi.
Kupanga dziwe mdziko muno kumatenga masiku angapo.
Dziwe likakhala lokonzeka, lifunika chisamaliro choyenera:
- Chotsani zinyalala zomwe zimalowa mu dziwe.
- Kamodzi pachaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa pansi ndi mauna apadera. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira popewa kuti muyeretse maiwe.
- Sankhani mbewu zoyenera - iwonso "azisamalira" dziwe. O oxygenerators (mwachitsanzo, elodea) athandizira kudzaza madzi ndi mpweya - satembenukira wobiriwira chilimwe.
- Kamodzi pachaka, makamaka kasupe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera zoyeretsa. Osazizunza - ndizovulaza thanzi la munthu.
Phunziro la kanema likuthandizirani kumvetsetsa zovuta za ntchito.
