Kupanga mazira a nkhuku kumadalira zinthu zingapo, pomwe kudyetsa kumakhala kwakukulu. Kodi kudyetsa kuyala nkhuku kuthamangira bwino? Momwe mungasankhire zakudya ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa mbalame iliyonse? Posapeza yankho pamafunso awa ndi ena ambiri, kuyamba nkhuku alimi nthawi zambiri samalandira zinthu kuchokera ku nkhuku.
Kodi kudyetsa kuyala nkhuku kunyumba?
Nkhuku zakunyumba zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwaz mbalame zabwino kwambiri. Amadyanso ndi mtima wonse chilichonse chomwe chidzaperekedwe: tirigu, zinyalala zochokera pagome la anthu, maudzu azidye kuchokera pamabedi ndi zotsala za chakudya zomwe zimapezeka ndi nkhumba, nkhosa ndi mbuzi. Koma sizokayikitsa kuti ndikamadya "zosasinthika" zotere mutha kupeza zokolola zambiri. Osapeza michere yonse, mavitamini ndi michere, nkhuku sizitha kuthamanga mwamphamvu, ndipo mapangidwe a mazira amapita kukawononga thupi la mbalameyo komanso thanzi lake.
Kodi kulinganiza kudyetsa kuyala nkhuku kunyumba ndikusankha zakudya zoyenera kwa iwo?
M'malo achilengedwe, makolo akale a nkhuku ndi abale ake enieni amadya mosiyanasiyana. Zakudya za mbalame zotere zimaphatikizapo mbewu, zipatso ndi zipatso, njere ndi zitsamba, mphutsi ndi tizilombo akuluakulu. Mbalame zochokera ku nkhuku sizimapewa zilombo zopanda poizoni, mwachitsanzo, achule ndi abuluzi. Amakhala ndi nyongolotsi, amadya masamba ochokera panthambi zochepa. Kudyetsa nkhuku kunyumba sikungakhale kosiyanako, koma kupatsa ziweto zonse zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikule, kukhazikika ndi kubwereranso bwino dzira ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Chipangidwe cha chakudya cha kuyala nkhuku kunyumba
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, yomwe imapanga pafupifupi 60% yazakudya, nkhuku zimapatsidwa zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama, kupatsa mbalameyo mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Ngati ndi kotheka, zowonjezera mavitamini zimayambitsidwa, mchere umaperekedwa.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe mungasankhe pazosakaniza zabwino kwambiri? Popeza mbewu zimayenera kupezeka pang'onopang'ono m'zakudyazo, ndikofunikira kufotokozera kuti ndi mitundu iti ya mbewu monga chimanga yoyenera kuyika nkhuku, komanso momwe mungaperekere moyenera.
Pafupifupi mbewu zonse za tirigu zimadyedwa mwangwiro ndi mbalame, kupatsa thupi chakudya, michere ndi mavitamini. Posankha momwe mungadyetsere nkhuku kuti izithamangira bwino, woweta nkhuku ayenera kuganizira zoyamba kuyambitsa nkhuku muzakudya:
- chimanga chokhala ndi chakudya chambiri, ndipo njere yakeyo imaphwanyidwaphwanyidwa kuti chakudyachi chizigwira bwino bwino komanso bwino;
- tirigu, yemwe akutsutsana ndi mbiri ya chimanga china chokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri a magulu B ndi E, amabzala mapuloteni, makamaka pakufunikira pomanga nkhuku;
- tirigu wa tirigu, wopambana kwambiri ndi mbewu zonse m'matumbo opatsa thanzi pakugoneka nkhuku;
- balere, wothandiza nkhuku zanyama ndi mtundu wa dzira;
- oats olemera ndi fiber, omwe amayenera kuphwanyidwa ndikuwotchera bwino chimbudzi, apo ayi tirigu wosayera amakwiyitsa matumbo am'matumbo a nkhuku;
- oat chinangwa, omwe amasinthira tirigu mwangwiro ndipo amatha kupanga 20% ya kuchuluka kwa njere mumenyu;
- nkhope zoseketsa ndi mapira;
- Buckwheat, yemwe sayenera kupitirira 10% mwazomwe zimadyetsa nkhuku kunyumba.
Koma ngakhale muzosakaniza bwino kwambiri za chimanga, mulibe mapuloteni okwanira, calcium, makamaka yofunikira pakuyala nkhuku, phosphorous ndi mavitamini ena ofunikira, motero, zigawo zina ziyenera kuphatikizidwa menyu.
Chowonjezera chofunikira mu zakudya zakugona nkhuku ndi:
- fulakesi ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa;
- nyemba;
- keke ndi ufa wolemera mapuloteni ndi fiber.
Mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala ndi zowonjezera mchere, zosavomerezeka kuzakudya zamunthu, koma mbalame sizingachite popanda izi. Ichi ndi choko, chipolopolo chosweka, miyala yabwino, phulusa, mchere. Zosungidwazo zomwe zimadyetsedwa sizili gawo la chakudya pakuyika nkhuku, koma zimaperekedwa mosiyana.
Ndi udzu wamtundu wanji womwe ungaperekedwe ku nkhuku zakugoneka?
Chakudya chobiriwira ndicofunika kwambiri kuti tisunge nkhuku. Ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la michere, fiber, chinyezi komanso mavitamini. Ndi kuyenda pawokha, nkhuku zimadyanso mafuta ambiri pabusa. Zakudya zikamakhudza kwambiri, pafupifupi 20% ya njira yodyetsera nkhuku kunyumba iyenera kukhala yobiriwira.
Zamoyo zomwe zili m'maselo zimapatsa udzu watsopano ndi wowuma. Nkhuku zimayankha bwino chakudya ndi clover, nyemba ndi nyemba zina.
Ndi udzu wamtundu wanji omwe nkhuku zimatha kupatsidwa nkhuku zoyika mabedi amunda? Mwa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa zomwe zimabzalidwa m'minda ya m'munda wapakati, nkhuku zimatha kuperekedwa kwa katsabola, masamba ang'onoang'ono a mtola, masamba a letesi ndi mbewu zina zambiri zomwe sizingakhumudwitse chakudya chamagetsi.
Mwa namsongole, mtsogoleri malinga ndi mapindu ake ndi mitundu ikuluikulu. Ndi chitsimikizo cha ascorbic acid, mavitamini A, B, K, komanso fiber, kufufuza zinthu ndi chinyezi. M'nyengo yozizira, popanda udzu watsopano, mbalame imapatsidwa udzu.
Kodi kudyetsa kuyala nkhuku kuthamangira bwino nthawi yozizira? Tisaiwale za singano pano, singano za pine ndi spruce pakati pa dzinja kudziunjikira kuchuluka kwa vitamini C ndi carotene.
Olima minda akhoza kubwezeretsanso zakudya zawo m'mizere ndi mizu. Izi zomwe zili mumenyu yovuta ya mbalame ndizosavuta chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya tubers ndi mizu yolimba imasungidwa bwino komanso imapezeka mu chirimwe ndi nthawi yachisanu.
Musanadyetse kuyala nkhuku za ana ndi ziweto zachikulire, ma beets a tebulo, kaloti, ma turnips, mitundu ya chilimwe ya radish imaphwanyidwa pa grater. Mizu yamaluwa, kaloti okhala ndi carotene ndipo zimakhudza bwino mazira abwino ndi kuyikira nkhuku ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mtengowu utha kupatsidwa waiwisi ndi wouma, kusintha momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Zukini, maungu, squash ndi mavwende ena amadulidwa kotero kuti nkotheka kuti mbalameyo izikwatula mnofu. Aphamba amadya mbatata mwakufuna kwawo. Mbalame yake iyenera kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe owiritsa, kusakaniza ndi zinthu zina.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa chakudya kwa kuyala nkhuku
Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa kukonzekera komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu, eni nyumba ambiri amasakaniza ma feed. Zosakaniza za tirigu ndizophatikiza zolimba, ndipo zosakaniza zofewa kapena zonyowa zimaphatikizapo mash-ups zochokera ku chimanga chaphika, masamba ndi zitsamba, chinangwa ndi zina zowonjezera ufa.
Kudziwa zakudya zomwe mbalame imafunika kudya kuti ichulukitse mazira ndikupanga thupi kukhala labwino, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mungadyetsere nkhuku kunyumba, ndikukhalabe wokwanira bwino. Zosakaniza zopangidwa mwakapangidwe komanso kunyumba zopangira nkhuku zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yazosungidwa, koma ziyeneranso kuphatikiza mapuloteni a nyama. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- zopangidwa mkaka;
- nyama ndi mafupa chakudya ndi nsomba, komanso nyama ndi nsomba zinyalala;
- nyansi.
Asanakonze hedgehog yoyala nkhuku, woweta nkhuku ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Zogulitsa payokha ziyenera kukonzedwa musanatumikire:
- mbatata yophika ndi masamba osaphika, thawed ndi knead;
- masamba ndi mizu mbewu ndi nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito grater;
- nyama ndi nsomba zimayang'aniridwa ndi kutentha ndikuzizira;
- Nyemba za nyemba zimaphikidwa, ndipo ma nthano zomwe zatsala zimaphikidwa kale.
Asanadyetse ana kuti ayike nkhuku, tirigu amaponderezedwa kapena kusefedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu monga chimanga ndizothandiza kumera, zomwe zimawonjezera phindu lawo lazakudya komanso mavitamini. Zotsatira zomwezi zimapezeka ndikuwonjezera magalamu a 5-10 a yisiti pa kilogalamu ya osakaniza.
Kudyetsa mitengo yogona nkhuku kunyumba
Nkhuku ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusaka chakudya pafupifupi nthawi zonse, koma kudya kwambiri sikuti ndi njira yabwino yothandizira thanzi la mbalame, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mazira komwe kumabwera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe kazakudya ndikupatsa nkhuku chakudya chofotokozedwa mosamalitsa.
Kangati patsiku kudyetsa nkhuku, ndipo ndimagwiritsidwe otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito? Kuti asunge zipatso zankhumba, mbalameyi imapatsidwa chakudya katatu patsiku. Woweta nkhuku yekha atha kusiyanitsa izi, poganizira za mawonekedwe apabanja, chidwi cha zomwe zili pamtengowu komanso thanzi la nkhuku.
Kwa 100 magalamu a osakaniza a tirigu wodyetsa kuyala nkhuku kunyumba, onjezani theka la gramu yamchere ndi mchere wazakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, amadyera kapena udzu, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mbewu za muzu, zigawo zoyambira nyama zimayambitsidwa.
Pali maphikidwe ambiri amomwe mungapangire chakudya chophatikizira ma nkhuku ndi manja anu. Pazoyang'anira gulu lazopanga zanu, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yayikulu pamapangidwe azinthu zimapangidwanso ndi zoletsa nyengo. Chifukwa chake, m'chilimwe, cholinga chachikulu chimakhala pa amadyera, nthawi yozizira, pomwe kulibe, msipu umayambitsidwa muzakudya, masamba ambiri osungidwa ndi mbewu za muzu.
Alimi a nkhuku odziwa zambiri amadziwa mitundu iti yazakudya yomwe singasinthane. Izi zimathandiza, popanda kutaya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso mphamvu, kupanga zophatikizika zomwe zili pafamuyo pakadali pano.
Zomwe sizingadyetsedwe nkhuku?
Omnivore a nkhuku nthawi zina amabweretsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa. Mbalameyi siyitenga chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kugudubuza ndi kuwola ndi zidutswa za nkhungu. Zotsatira za umbombo wa avian ndi kusasamala kwa eni zikuwoneka mwa mawonekedwe amatenda am'matumbo, kufalikira kwa goiter, kulowetsedwa ndi helminthic ndi matenda ena.
Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimakhala zovulaza nkhuku? Zomwe sizingadyetsedwe nkhuku? Zosunga nkhuku za mtundu uliwonse siziyenera kukhala ndi thovu, chakudya chouma kapena zinthu zokhala ndi chisonyezero chowonongeka ndi nkhungu. Popewa mavuto a chimbudzi, mbewu zonse za m'mizu, mbatata zosaphika ndi kandalo siziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mbalame. Zinyalala zonse kuchokera pagome, musanapite nkhuku, zimayang'aniridwa ndikusanjidwa. Sipayenera kukhala ndi zotsalira za filimu yonyamula, zojambulazo, chingwe kapena zinthu zina zosagwira.
Ngati mbalameyo ilandira udzu watsopano ndi udzu, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ilibe mbewu zakupha, mwachitsanzo, mahatchi, celandine, chitsamba chowawa. Ndiwo mitundu iyi yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa poizoni wa kuyala nkhuku mu ma cookie nkhuku ndi poyenda.
Olera oyamba kumene amafunsa ngati nkotheka kudyetsa nkhuku ndi mkate. Ngati izi ndi zinthu zabwino, ndiye chifukwa cha zakudya zawo zonse, zimangobweretsa zoweta. Koma tirigu wamba kapena buledi wa tirigu amatha kuperekedwa kwa mbalame. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri nthawi yozizira, pamene nkhuku zimafunikira chakudya chomwe chimabwezeranso mphamvu zake posachedwa. Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa zidutswa zouma zapamwamba kwambiri muzakudya, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi osakanikirana kapena zimapatsidwa chonyowa.
