Tsamba la yophukira ndilabwino kwambiri ... koma ndikofunikira kuti lichotse m'mundamo ndipo palibe njira ina iliyonse mwanjira iyi pokonzekeretsa kanyumba kanyumba kapena nyumba yoyandikana ndi kasupe wotsatira. Njira imeneyi ndiyofunikira, popeza m'malo otetezedwa pamakhala microflora yachilengedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana za fungus, bakiteriya ndi matenda ena, ndipo tizirombo tambiri timayambira nyengo yozizira bwino m'malo a pupae, mphutsi, spores, akuluakulu, etc. Komabe, malinga ndi malamulo achilengedwe, zonse zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'nthaka ziyenera kubwezeretsedwamo. Kupanda kutero, m'zaka zochepa, kudula kwa dothi komanso kuchepa kwachilengedwe (komanso kothandiza) chonde, pomwe feteleza wa mchere sadzagwiritsanso ntchito monga zaka zingapo zapitazo, zikuwoneka bwino.
Zithunzi zoyambira kumunda.
Zikhala bwanji? Muyenera kungotaya mwachuma “mana ochokera kumwamba” omwe adagwa kuchokera kumwamba.
Kupanga kompositi masamba ophukira
Kuti mupange manyowa kuchokera masamba a malimwe pamalopo, muyenera kuthyola maenje angapo a manyowa (maenje ndi chizindikiro, chifukwa atha kukhala malo, bokosi, thumba, ndi zina):
- yopanga ndi aerobic mwachangu,
- ya anaerobic, nayonso mphamvu, komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino,
- dzenje la manyowa kuti likhwiritse manyowa ndi zinyama zina ndi zomera,
- dzenje la odwala,
- malo owotcha zinyalala.
Ndikofunikira kugula ndikukonzekera mayankho ogwira ntchito amoyo wogwira ntchito Wothandiza nthaka yopanda kanthu munthaka yothandizirana. Izi ndi zomwe akukonzekera "Baikal EM-1", "Ekomik Yield", "Radiance" ndi ena. Amawononga microflora ya dothi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amathandizira kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zophatikizana ndi humic.
Ngati palibe kukonzekera kwa EM, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kusakanikirana kwa ma tank a biofungicides ndi bioinsecticides:
- Gamair + phytosporin + haupsin,
- phytosporin + buair + alirin,
- bactofit, trichodermin
- mycosan + phytosporin + boverin kapena bicol.
Biofungicides ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophatikizika ndi tanki ndi bioinsecticides (haupsin, bicol, boverin, verticillin ndi ena). Musanakonzekere zosakanizika za tanki, onetsetsani kuti mwakonzeka bwanji. Amawononga bwino microflora ndi tizilombo toononga (pamagawo osiyanasiyana chitukuko). Zamoyo zomwe zimapangidwa ndizopanda matenda ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mapaipi sofunikira kupanga lalikulu, koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zomalizidwa monga feteleza wachilengedwe wa dimba ndi mabulosi ndi chiwembu cha mundawo. M'nyengo yotentha, dzenje lililonse limadzaza ndi zinyalala zoyenera.
Muli masamba opangira masamba aerobic
Kwa kompositi ya aerobic, ngalande zam'madzi zimakonzedwa kuchokera kumitengo yayikulu (kuyambira kudulira koyambira), tchipisi zamatabwa, mitengo ndi zinyalala zina pamtunda. Kusunthika ndi dothi la drainage, onjezani mpweya wambiri kuti ubwezere zinyalala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake yakuwola kapena kuwola. Zomera zothandiza kupesa zimathiridwa pamwamba pa zigawo. Awa nthawi zambiri ndi maudzu achichepere, masamba a mitengo ya zipatso, nsonga za zipatso, udzu wosenda udzu ndi udzu winawake wopepuka. Kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20, kutsanulira mafosholo angapo padziko lapansi ndi yankho la EM kukonzekera (iliyonse). Thirani gawo lotsatira. Muluwu umakulirakulira pang'onopang'ono ndipo miyezi 1.5-2.0 ikakhala yosasinthidwa kumabedi aminda.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza masamba agwa popangira manyowa.
Manyowa achangu posachedwa masamba
Akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala a EM akusonyeza kukonzekera kompositi ya masiku atatu kwa mabedi. Ndi yoyenera kukonza masamba ophukira.
Kola yokonzedwa ndi njira yomwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, pomwe masamba ndi malonje (yophukira) amakulungidwa kuchokera pabedi lamaluwa, udzu wodula kuchokera ku kapinga, amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha pa + 80 ° C, pambuyo pa maola 5-6, njira yothandizira ya ogwira ntchito Microflora (EM) imawonjezeredwa. Gulu la alendo. Burt "amayatsa." Pambuyo masiku 2, kamodzinso, mlingo wokwanira umathiriridwa ndikuwunjikana pang'ono. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-4, yankho la EM limatsanulidwanso ndipo kompositi ya EM ("yobiriwira" yosapsa) imasamutsidwira pamabedi kuti ikumbidwe. Munthawi yotentha, makamaka kum'mwera komanso kotentha kwa dera loyambira (Seputembala - Okutobala), masamba omwe ali munthaka omwe amachitidwa ndi EM akukonzekera kwathunthu r nthaka ndipo dothi lidzakhala lopepuka, lotentha poyambira. Amamasulidwa panthaka ndikumata ndipo, pamtunda wokwanira, kufesa kapena kubzala kumayamba.
Wopanga masamba a anaerobic kompositi
Dzenje lakuya masentimita 40-50 limakonzedwa pansi kompositi wa anaerobic. 15-20 masentimita a zinthu zophwanyika (maudzu, nsonga, zinyalala zina) ndi masamba omwewa omwe amafikira nthawi yophukira amayikidwa m'magulu. Pakati pa zigawo za organic, pamathiridwa dothi la masentimita 3-5. Dothi lililonse limasungunuka pang'ono ndi madzi, kenako ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho logwira ntchito pakukonzekera kulikonse kwa EM. Chinyezi chonse cha mulu wa kompositi ndi 50-60%. Zinthu zake zonse zimapukutidwa mosamala kuti muchepetse mpweya wabwino. Pamuluwo, matenthedwe azisungidwa pa + 25 ... + 30ºС. Ngati matenthedwe akukulira msanga, muluwo umanyowa. Atatha kupondaponda, muluwo umakutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira komanso ngakhale owaza ndi udzu. Mafuta amatenga kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu (osati zaka), ndipo kompositi "wobiriwira" amathanso kuthira dothi pambuyo pa masabata 3-4-5. Kuipa kwa kompositi "wobiriwira" ndi gawo lalikulu ngati silo, lomwe limasakaniza kulima dothi, koma zakudya zochuluka zimasungidwa mu kompositi, anaerobic EM microflora amakula bwino, zomwe zimayambitsa mizu ndi zotsalira zina zapansi panthaka kuti zikhale manyowa.
Manyowa posungira
Pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse kuli malo osungira manyowa, ndowe. Nthawi zambiri ili ndi dzenje losaya kuti sludge isamayende mozungulira mundawo komanso simapereka chakudya kwa namsongole wapafupi. Pansi pamakutidwa ndi zinthu zounikira kapena zigawo zingapo za kanema kuti tisasambe. Kuzungulira ndikugwetsa bokosi la zida zilizonse (nkhuni, pulasitiki, zotsalira ndi zina). Manyowa kwa zaka 2 - 3 ndipo umayambitsidwa pansi pa mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa manyowa. Kuchulukitsa chamoyo m'nthaka, kamodzi pa zaka 4-5-6, manyowa osapsa amalowetsedwa m'minda ndikuyala mu nthaka. Ngati palibe manyowa, gwiritsani ntchito zofunikira. Manyowa atha kuphatikizidwa ndi kukumba masamba ophukira omwe amwazika pabedi kuyambira pansi pa mitengo yazipatso ndi nkhalango.
Sungani chizindikiro cha masamba yophukira m'mundamo.
Chiwonongeko ndi kutaya nsonga zamatenda odwala, zovunda ndi masamba
Mwini nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe, malo okhala pawokha amathanso kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi nsonga za odwala, zovunda mwanjira yake. Mwadzidzidzi kutentha (ndi viral lesion - kuvomerezedwa) kapena kugona mu dzenje lina kwa zaka 2-3 kumapeto kwa malowo (kutali ndi dimba ndi dimba).
Malowo akuyenera kukhala pamalo amodzi, kuti asatenthedwe nthaka yatsopano chaka chilichonse: mukawotcha, osati matenda ndi tizilombo tomwe timafa, komanso microflora yopindulitsa, okhala m'nthaka zothandiza (mphutsi, ndi zina).
Ndi organic geography, dzenje loti lili ndi kachilomboka pamtunda, zinyalala zamasamba ndikofunikira. Phulusa lochokera pam masamba owotcha ndi nsonga sizothandiza (ngakhale zili ndi gawo lalikulu la zinthu) monga organic. Ndipo kubwereranso kunthaka ndilo lamulo loyamba la geography: kuchuluka komwe mudatenga, zochuluka kwambiri ndikubwerera.
Scavenger, masamba a yophukira, nsuzi za tomato, biringanya, nkhaka, mbatata, anyezi ndi zina zamasamba ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimayikidwa mu dzenje logwidwa ndi fungal, bacteria ndi matenda ena. Wodutsa ndi dothi loonda. Kwenikweni mafosholo 2-3 pachidutswa chilichonse cha masentimita 10. Denga lililonse limakhetsedwa ndi yankho la kukonzekera kwakukulu pamakonzedwe a EM (onani malingaliro), biofungicides ndi bioinsecticides zimawonjezeredwa. Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zimatenthedwa mpaka + 80 +С. Wopatsa mphamvu kwa zaka 1.5-2-3, kukhalabe kutentha kosalekeza ndikuwonjezera mayankho a EM kukonzekera. Biocompost iyi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mitengo kapena zitsamba kapena udzu wa udzu.
Ngati mundawo muli mitengo 8-10, kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo ngakhale mtedza wa 1-2 umakula, kuphatikiza mabulosi ndi udzu, mwachilengedwe kudzakhala kovuta kuyika masamba onse mu milu ya kompositi. Zoyenera kuchita?
Momwe mungayeretsere kwathunthu dimba la masamba agwa?
Mutha kuchita izi:
- Ngati masamba ndiabwino komanso dothi lomwe lili pansi pa mitengoyo silipukutidwa, litha kuthandizidwa pompopompo ndi thanki yosakanikirana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Siyani kwa masabata 1-2 kapena mzere kwa masabata 2-3 kuti mupange mankhwala, nthawi iliyonse ikazungulira. Kupendekera sikulola kudula masamba, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya kumathandizira kuti thupi lizitentha kwambiri. Zinyalala zotayika izi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (makamaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachisanu itasungunuka ndi chipale chofewa) ziyenera kukonzedwedwa m'nthaka ndikukumba pang'ono kapena kukhazikika. Adzayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mulch wabwino, kenako feteleza wachilengedwe.
- Sonkhanitsani masamba ndi tepi, wowotcha, wowotchera kapena woyeretsa m'munda ndi shredder wa masamba ndikuwafalitsa m'mabedi ndikuwakukula.
Kuchokera kuzomwe ndakumana nazo. Kwa zaka zambiri sindinathe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe m'dziko muno. Chaka chilichonse nthawi yophukira ikakumba, ndimakumba mzere woyamba wa bedi, m'malo ogulamo ndimayala zinyalala zamasamba, maudzu ang'onoang'ono, nsonga za m'munda ndikuwaza dothi lotsatira. Momwemonso munda wonse. Pofika masika, zonse zimayenda. Ndimachotsa kutumphuka panthaka ndipo ndikayamba kutentha, ndimabzala ndikubzala mbewu za m'munda. Pakatha chaka ndimagwiritsa ntchito biocompost. Ndimalowetsa ndowa pabwalo. m lalikulu.
Mitengo nthawi zambiri imataya masamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo kukolola kwa yophukira sikokwanira. Pofika masika, masamba okwanira omwe amunjenjemera mu chisanu amadziunjikira pamabedi pansi pa mitengo ndi panjira. Ndimakhomera masamba m'mabedi pang'onopang'ono, ndikofunikira, kumasula dothi kuti libzale kapena kufesa, ndikutumiza milu ya kompositi. Kapena ndimakumba limodzi ndi masamba owola pang'ono ngati dothi silinakumbidwe kuyambira pomwe lidagwa. Ngati masamba sakufunika, muwatumize ku kompositi.
Kompositi masamba agwa.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi masamba agwa pa udzu?
Ngati pali udzu pamalopo, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu ndikofunikira kukonzekereranso. Udzu wobowola umapangidwanso ndi udzu wopanda udzu wopanda dengu kapena thumba la zinyalala. Chomata chobiriwira bwino kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira chidzauma ndikugwa m'dzinja kukugwa mvula, pomwe imawola masika asanafike.
Ngati udzu wa mtundu wa a Moorish ndi chilimwe chonse sanazitchetcha, ndiye kuti m'dzinja ndikofunikira kutchetchera (pambuyo pake, kuti mbewu ziwonetsere chaka chamawa) ndikutula kuyenera kuchotsedwa.
M'pofunika kuchotsa masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba ku udzu. Kupanda kutero, pogwirana ndi unyinji wophatikizidwa ndi masamba, udzu udzu udzasweka ndipo kasupe wamkulu amabala amapezeka pa udzu, womwe umafunika kufesedwanso.
Zisanu kuzizira kwa masamba zinyalala
Omwe alimi kwa nthawi yozizira amatola zinyalala zamasamba m'matumba ndikuchoka kuzizira. Tizilombo tina komanso matenda ena amafa chifukwa cha chisanu. Chapakatikati, izi zochuluka zamasamba zimatumizidwa ku milu ya kompositi, ndipo atatha kupesa - kumabedi.
Chochita ndi masamba a mtedza?
Masamba akuluakulu a mtedza nthawi zonse amabweretsa mantha pakati oyambira m'minda. Koyikapo milu ya masamba? Zina mwazo zimatha kusakanikirana ndi masamba a mitengo yazipatso ndikuyika pansi kukumba (onani pamwambapa), ndipo gawo lina lingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzinthu zochulukirapo.
Kugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zina. Masamba amadzazidwa pamwamba ndi mbiya ziwiri kapena ziwiri zamatabwa, zothiridwa ndi madzi otentha, malingana ndikulowa. Tsekani mwamphamvu (kuti filimuyo isang'ambe nthawi yozizira). M'nyengo yozizira, masamba ena amawola ndikupanga kukhazikika. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera matenda kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude, kafadala wa mbatata wa Colorado ndi tizirombo tina tambiri timakonzedwa kuchokera kuzama.
Kuti mupeze yankho loti mugwire ntchito, 1 lita imodzi ya kulowererapo imaphatikizidwa ndi malita 10 amadzi, sopo imawonjezeredwa (kuti ikhale yabwino yomatira) ndipo mbewuzo zimapopera. Choyamba muyenera kuwaza mbewu 1-2 kuti muwonetsetse kuti sipadzapsa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa yankho logwira ntchito kuli kokulirapo, ndiye kuti 0,5-0.75 malita a kulowetsedwa amawonjezeredwa ndi malita 10 a madzi. Kuwaza kumachitika kamodzi mu masiku 7-10. Mutatha maluwa ndi njirayi, mitengo yonse yazipatso imatha kuthandizidwa. Kusanthula kumachitika masanawa.
