Echium, kapena kuphulika (Echium) - ndi woimira banja la Boraginaceae. Mitundu imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 60 ya zomera zokhala pachaka, zamtundu wina ndi zamizungu, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizikhala zitsamba.
Echiums ndiofala ku Europe, Western komanso madera a East Asia, North ndi South Africa, pachilumba cha Madeira komanso ku Canary Islands. Mitundu ina imapezekanso kuzilumba za Mediterranean.
Mosiyana ndi izi, kuphulika kwa psyllium kwakhala chiwopsezo ku mitundu yazomera zachilengedwe ku South Africa, United States, ndipo makamaka Australia, komwe idakhalako mosavuta. Pamenepo adapatsidwa dzina lotchedwa "Temberero la Patersons."
Banja ili lidakhala loyamba kubzala echium m'munda wake mu 1880s, mosasamala momwe mbewuyo imasungira malo ozungulira. Echiums ndi odzichiritsa kwambiri, amakhala ma depositi, malo opanda anthu, misewu, magawo osokonezeka ndi mapesi.
Zambiri
Mitundu idalandira dzina lachi Latin loti pubescence yolimba, kuchokera ku Greek Greek --is hedgehog. Kuphwanya wamba, kapena kufinya, kumawonetsa mtundu wa maluwa.
Ku Russia, mitundu isanu ya zilimi imamera. Kumpoto kwa gawo la ku Europe, kachilomboka kapena kuti matanga (Echium maculatum), kutalika kwa 30-100 masentimita, ndipo maluwa a carmine-pinki ali pang'onopang'ono panicrate inflorescence.
Kulikonse, kupatula dera lomwe silili chernozem, mpaka ku Urals ndi Siberia, woluka wamba (Echium vulgare) amakula - 20-100 cm wamtali, wokhala ndi zovuta pa tsinde ndi masamba.
Ndi chomera chakupha, koma, ngakhale izi, zazing'ono, osati mphukira ndi masamba osakhwima, ndizowoneka bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe, yofesedwa ngati chomera cha uchi, imapereka uchi wabwino kwambiri.
Pazokongoletsa, plantain echium, kapena maluwa opindika (Echium plantagine), amadziwika kuti ndi maluwa otulutsa maluwa omwe amatulutsa pachomera kuyambira Julayi mpaka mochedwa. Itha kukhala wamkulu pachaka, kumwera - pachikhalidwe chamitundu iwiri.
Chomerachi ndi 30-60 masentimita, chokhala ndi masamba osachedwa kuphuka komanso masamba. Masamba ndi osavuta, athunthu, oval-oblong, peti, mpaka 14 cm, amapanga basal rosette, yaying'ono, lanceolate, ina m'malo ena oyambira.
Maluwa ndiwowoneka bwino, pang'ono modabwitsa, masentimita awiri 2,5,5, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, osiyanitsidwa ndi asanu, asanu stamens akutuluka. Mphukira zake ndi zapinki, koma zikatulutsa, zimatsegula maluwa amtambo, zikafota, zimayamba kukhala ndi lilac hue.
Nthawi zambiri zogulitsa pamakhala zosakaniza zamitundu yobiriwira, yoyera, yapinki, pafupifupi maluwa ofiira. Onsewa amapanga "maluwa" okongola, osiririka bwino m'mundamo.
Kuswana
Ku dera la Moscow, kuphulika kwa mmera kumakulidwa chaka chilichonse. Mutha kufesa pomwepo mpaka malo okhazikika okwanira 2-3 patali 30 cm, kapena mbande mumiphika kuti mupewe kuwononga muzu muzu.
Mbeu zake ndi zokulirapo, motero kufesa ndi zisa sikovuta. Mbewu zimamera mkati mwa sabata limodzi. Mukabzala m'mwezi wa Marichi, mutha kumaphuka pofika kumayambiriro kwa Juni.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Echium ndi imodzi mwazomera zochepa zomwe zimaphatikiza chilala chambiri komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi dothi. Kutalika kwa mitundu yamakono sikupita 30-30 cm.
Amabzalidwa m'magulu amdzuwa, maluwa otseguka, osakanizika, malire. Malowa akuyenera kuthiriridwa, popanda dothi lopepuka kapena loyenda pakatikati.
Chomera chokhazikika, chomwe chimalephera kuzizira chidzabwezanso zipatso za m'munda wamiyala.
Mafuta a Psyllium echium ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zodzikongoletsera, komanso njira ina yamafuta a nsomba mu chakudya.
Maluwa onunkhira a echium amakopa njuchi. Komabe, pali umboni kuti uchi uyenera kudyedwa pang'ono, osapitilira supuni kamodzi pa sabata, kukumbukira kukumbukira kwa mbewuyo.
Pogwira ntchito ndi echium, ayenera kusamalidwa kuti musakwiyitse khungu la manja ndi ma alkaloids oopsa.
