Zomera zam'maluwa mumithunzi zimadziwika nthawi zonse ngati chozizwitsa chochepa. Amakhulupirira kuti m'malo obisika amundawo kukongoletsa zikhalidwe, koma masamba ochulukitsa amatha kuwerengetsa zala zawo. Koma, kwenikweni, assortment yezomera zomwe zimaphukira bwino pakuwala koyipa sizochepa. Mwa zina mwapadera zotchingira m'makona amundawo ndi uvulia - masamba osadziwika kwambiri okhala ndi masamba obiriwira otuwa.
Uvulia grandiflora (Uvularia grandiflora) m'munda wamaluwa.
Uvulia - dzuwa pamthunzi
Ma perennials a herbaceous amapereka chisankho chotere pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa ndi inflorescence, kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kudabwitsa ndi china chatsopano. Koma apo ayi, ngati mavulia osagwirizana komanso oyambira maluwa oyamba maluwa (Uvularia) sangathe kutchedwa. Chomera ichi chatuluka, maluwa achilendo omwe amapereka chithunzi chosafunikira kwambiri. Chomera china chomwe chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi maluwa osakhala achikale komanso chidziwitso choyambirira ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimakhalabe chikhalidwe chokhazikika, ngati kuti changosamutsidwa kumene kuchokera m'nkhalango zamtchire, ndizovuta kupeza.
Uvulia (Uvularia) ndi chomera chapadera cha North America chomwe chidabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumadera otentha komanso otentha a East of USA ndi Canada. Koma ngakhale izi zidachokera, mbewu iyi ndi yolimba komanso yolimba kuti ikule osatha ngakhale pakati panjira yathu. Dzinali "uvulia" limachokera ku Chilatini "uvula" - "lilime": lili pachilankhulo chocheperako komanso maluwa ochepa thupi ofanana ndi omwe amapendekeka pamiyala ya mbewu.
Uvulia ndi ma herbaceous osatha. Kutalika, mbewu izi ndizochepa theka la mita, ngakhale kunyumba zimatha kukhala zokulirapo. Nthawi zambiri amakula mwa njira zokulitsa tchire ndikupanga matchuthi athunthu, pansi pa mphukira sizimawululidwa konse, chomera chimakhala chokongola konsekonse korona. Uvulia mawonekedwe kufalikira, osati zakuzama kwambiri komanso wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Mphukira ndizambiri komanso zowonda kwambiri, zobisika kumunsi ndi nyini, zopindika pamwambapa, zimapanga tchire lokongola kwambiri, ngakhale kuti masamba akuluakulu sanakhale ndi masamba. Pa mphukira iliyonse, masamba 2-4 okha ndi omwe amapezeka. Masamba a uvulia amakumbatira tsinde kapena amakhala, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamphepete, amafika kutalika kwa 10cm ndikuwonetsa pafupifupi lanceolate-elliptical kapena elliptical mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa amadyera ndi wowala kwambiri, wobiriwira mopepuka, wokhala ndi kamvekedwe ka chikasu.
Maluwa odabwitsa a onse agula akufalikira kumapeto kwa mphukira. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimapanga maluwa amodzi, ngakhale nthawi zina inflorescence yophatikizidwa imapezekanso. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamaluwa a uvulia ndi cholembera chopingasa ndi chopyapyala chokhala ndi masamba 6 owonda kwambiri achikasu, omwe kuchokera patali amawoneka ngati nthiti. Chifukwa cha gawo la mtanda komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba, maluwawo amawoneka ngati achilendo kwambiri. M'mitundu ina ya uvulia, mawonekedwe awo amatsimikizidwanso ndi kubwereza konse kwa maluwa ndi masamba opapatiza. Pansi pa perianth ndi timabowo komanso mafinya owonda, ogwirizana bwino ndi ma line anther. Tizilomboti tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tambiri ndi thumba losunga mazira atatu ndilovuta kuwona. Atatha maluwa, mabokosi amitundu atatu okhala ndi mapiko atatu amamangirizidwa, omwe, pomwe mbewu zake zimacha, zimasiyidwa pamwamba.
Pachikhalidwe, nyengo ya uvulia imangokhala milungu yochepa chabe. Nyengo yabwino, mbewu zimaphukira kumapeto kwa chakumapeto kwa mvula, ngati mvula yadzaza, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mawonekedwe amitundu imeneyi amakhala ndi utoto wachikaso.
Uvulia (Uvularia).
Mitundu ya Uvulia
Mitundu ya uvulia singathe kudzitama yamtundu wamitundu yayitali. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu isanu ya mbewu iyi, pomwe mitundu itatu yokha ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu zobzalidwa.
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa uvulia, wokhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri - chachikulu UV-maluwa (Uvularia grandiflora) Ichi ndi chomera cha ku North America, chomwe chimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowuma ndipo chadziwika ndi chitsamba chambiri. Imakhala ndi timabowo tating'ono, koma tambiri tomwe timalumikizira awiriawiri amaso akutsogolo mpaka kutalika kwa 10cm. M'mphepete mwa mphukira pamitengo yayitali, mpaka maluwa atatu okhala ndi utoto wowala wachikasu. Kutalika kwa mabelu kumafika mpaka masentimita 4. Mtundu wa uvulia limamasula mwapakati pa Meyi ndipo maluwa amathera mwezi wa June.
Uvulia ndiwofatsa (Uvularia sessilifolia- - yaying'ono kwambiri mwa oimira amtunduwu, ndikupanga wandiweyani, koma zitsamba zotsika mpaka 30 cm kutalika. Masamba ndi owoneka bwino, omwe anali ngati maziko a dzina la mitunduyo, owongoka, mpaka 8 masentimita, amasiyana m'mphepete. Maluwa, ngakhale kutalika mpaka 3 cm, ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mtundu wobiriwira wachikasu ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wophatikizika ndi kufupikitsidwa bwino umawululira bwino mkhalidwe wamtchirewu. Mabokosi azipatso samakhala atatu, koma ovoid. Mtundu wautali kwambiri wa maluwa a uvularia, womwe umatha kutuluka tchuthi kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Prote-tsamba uvularia (Uvularia perfoliata) - wokonda malo achinyezi ndi zitsamba. Imafanana ndi uvulia wokhala ndi maluwa akulu, koma imasiyana mu mphukira zowoneka bwino komanso zazifupi, zokulirapo, masamba owoneka bwino. Kutalika kwake, mabelu achikasu, opapatiza, komanso obowola maluwa amafikira masentimita atatu okha, atatulutsa mosangalatsa kapena awiriawiri pa nthambi iliyonse ya mphukira. Malingalirowo amasangalala ndi kununkhira kwake, koma amaphuka kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso kwa milungu 1.5-2.
Uvulia grandiflora (Uvularia grandiflora).
Uvularia squamous (Uvularia sessilifolia).
Przednolistnaya uvulia (Uvularia perfoliata).
Pazipangidwe zamundawo, uvulia imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- yamabedi amithunzi yamithunzi;
- kwa zopapatiza zingwe zopingasa pansi pa mipanda ndi kutsogolo kwa mipanda;
- kuphimba m'munsi mwa zitsamba, mu mphonje ndi mophukira kwa mitengo ya shrub;
- kapangidwe ka malo okhala ndi mthunzi pafupi ndi matupi amadzi;
- ngati choletsa chikhalidwe panjira;
- m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso m'magulu;
- monga zofunikira zonunkhira m'makona akhungu kwambiri;
- mumapangidwe okongoletsera m'malo a dzuwa kapena owala, malinga ngati zitsamba kapena zipatso zimapanga mthunzi wokwanira;
- monga bwenzi la zitsamba zomwe zimakonda dothi la acidic, kuphatikiza pazophatikizika zovuta ndi rhododendrons;
- pakupanga ndi kubetcha chikasu (kupanga ma kaso achikasu m'malo otetezeka a m'mundawo).
Mabwenzi abwino ku Uvulia: aquilegia, astilbe, ferns, makamu, rhododendrons, nsapato.
Uvulia (Uvularia)Zofunikira
Kusankha nsanja yabwino ya uvulia ndikosavuta. Mtengowu umatha kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka, mothandizidwa ndi zitsamba komanso mitengo.
Ngati kuyatsa kwa mbewu iyi ndikosavuta kutola, ndiye kuti ndi dothi zonse sizophweka. Izi ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyezi zomwe zimakonda dothi losalala, lopukutidwa bwino. Dothi lotayirira la uvulia ndi chofunikira, koma uvulia sililekerera nthaka. Dothi lolemera limasinthidwa ndikuwonjezera mchenga, ndipo kuwala kochulukirapo kumakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera dongo. Uvulia limatha kumera pokhapokha dothi lokhala ndi acidic, ndiwothandizirana bwino ndi mbewu zam'munda zomwe zimakonda acidic.
Chisamaliro cha Uvulia
Ichi ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda chinyezi sichimayankha bwino chilala. Kwa uvulia, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chinyezi chadothi chokhazikika ndikulowetsa kulowetsa mu pulogalamu yachitetezo pakalibe mpweya wachilengedwe (njira zantchito ndizosathandiza: kuthirira mbewu ya chomera ichi kutha kuchitika kawirikawiri, koma pokhazikika ndikunyowa kwa nthaka ndi madzi). Pali lingaliro limodzi linanso: kukonda chinyezi kumachitika kwa uvularia kokha mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi, uvulia yonse imakhala yolimbana ndi chilala komanso yolimba, safunanso kuthirira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba a mbewuyi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuchita kudyetsa koyamba kwa uvulia ngakhale mutabzala, kuyambitsa feteleza wa michere m'nthaka. M'tsogolomu, chovala chimodzi chapamwamba chokhala ndi feteleza wophatikiza azithira chaka chilichonse muyezo wabwino (koyambirira kwam'mawa kapena maluwa atamaliza, ndipo ngati nkotheka kawiri). Kuti akonzekere nyengo yozizira kugwa, uvulia amatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera (koma osaneneka wa phosphorous-potash, monga wa perennials ambiri a herbaceous, koma potashi wowona).
Uvulia safuna chisamaliro china, namsongole sangawakakamize, mbewuyo imadziyeretsa yokha yamaluwa osatha.
Uvulia Zima
Mitundu yonse itatu ya uvulia wachikhalidwe ndi yozizira kwambiri ndipo nthawi yozizira sifunikira pobisalira. Mu nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale, chitetezo sichingofunikira kokha pakuboola kwa przednolistnaya. Mitundu ina iwiri (yamaluwa akulu ndi owala), iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi tsamba lowuma kuti khazikitse nyengo.
Uvulia grandiflora (Uvularia grandiflora).
Kubalana wa Uvularia
Uvulia ikhoza kufaliridwa mwakuthupi komanso ndi mbewu. Koma njira yotsirizayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti mbewuyo imaphuka mchaka chachitatu mutabzala (ndipo nthawi zina pokhapokha zaka 5). Mbewu zofesedwa nthawi yachisanu isanalowe mu dothi kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika (chaka pambuyo pa kututa). Samafunikira chithandizo chisanadze kufesa, mbewu zokhala ndi chinyezi chokhazikika monga chinyontho, koma pang'onopang'ono, njira yokulira imafunika kudekha.
Chomera chofesedwa polekanitsa tchire. Nthawi yomweyo, sikofunikira kutenga Delenia yayikulu ya uvulia: nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi la mpweya ndi impso imodzi yatsopano. Chofunikira kuti muthane bwino ndi chithandizo cha mabala omwe ali ndi malasha kapena fodya wosweka. Uvulia muzu mu kama osiyana kapenanso pamalo okhazikika, kusunga dothi chinyezi nthawi zonse ndikuutchinjiriza kuti usaume. Kubzala masamba mwazomera kumatha kuchitidwa zonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa chirimwe.
