Ndizosatheka kuyerekezera malo abwino opumulira popanda maluwa onunkhira. Mwa mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosatha ndi mitundu ya pachaka imadziwika ndi Levka. Mbewuyi imakondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa, kotero maluwa a levkoy amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mabedi amaluwa. Fungo labwino komanso lonunkhira la levkoy limalimbikitsidwanso ndimadzulo ndikupereka fungo lapadera. Sizovuta kulima Levka, koma muyenera kudziwa mbali zina za kubzala ndi chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe: chithunzi chakumanzere
Dzina lachiwiri la levcoia ndi matthiola, makamaka chomera chamafuta onunkhira. Nyanja ya Mediterranean imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo, komwe kwadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Kutalika kwa levkoy kumatha kukula 30 mpaka 80 cm, nthawi zina mpaka mita, kutalika kwa chomera kumadalira maluwa osiyanasiyana. Masamba a Levkoy ndi odera obiriwira. Zomera zimagawidwa potengera nthawi ya maluwa:
- Chilimwe cha Mattiola - ali ndi mitundu yayitali ya mithunzi, kuyambira yoyera mpaka yofiirira, yamaluwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti ndipo ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino;
- yozizira Levka wobzala mu kugwa, limamasula lotsatira masika;
- Mawonekedwe a malimwe amafesedwa mu nthawi ya masika ndipo maluwa amatulutsa yophukira.
Kutengera mtundu wa Levka zimasiyana m'mitengo ya kutalika, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Pali maluwa a Mattiola omwe ali ndi wandiweyani inflorescence. Mitengo ya Leukewood ndiyabwino kubzala pamabedi a maluwa, imaphatikizana bwino bwino ndi maluwa ena, chifukwa amasiyana mu inflorescence yayikulu. Otsala adatha kubereketsa mitundu yopitilira 500 ndi yopitilira maluwa. Mu chithunzi, titha kuwona kuti maluwa a chomera amatha kukhala mulifupi kuchokera 3 mpaka 7 cm terry komanso losavuta. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence osiyanasiyana kutalika ndiulemerero.
Kutchuka kwambiri Tsitsi lamanzere. Imagawika m'magulu angapo molingana ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence:
posachedwa nthambi;- Quedlindburg (terry kwathunthu) - amabwera m'mlingo osiyanasiyana;
- maluwa Victoria;
- bomba lalikulu kwambiri;
- piramidi;
- tsinde limodzi;
- mtengo wamaluwa akulu;
- kukwirira.
posachedwa nthambi;Levka imvi ikhoza kumera kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu, ngati mungadziwe momwe mungachitire moyenera komanso chithandizo china chofunikira.
Levkoy: Kulima mbewu
Kotero kuti mbewuzo zimamera limodzi, zimanyowa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi, motero zimatupa bwino. Pambuyo pa izi, njere ziyenera kukulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuyika mufiriji kwa masiku angapo. Mbewu zolimba zimayamba kubzalidwa mbande kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Zabwino kwambiri pamenepa sankhani chidebe kapena bokosi. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala labwino komanso lonyowa, kapangidwe kake chifukwa kamasankhidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi;
- mchenga;
- malo owombera.
Mlingo wake uyenera kukhala wa 1; 3. Mbewu zokulira zimayikidwa pakuya kosaposa 0.5 cm, kenako zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyikidwa m'malo amdima ndi kutentha kwa 20-25zaC. Mfuti zimawonekera pakatha masiku 4-5, koma nthawi zina muyenera kudikirira pafupifupi masabata awiri.
Pambuyo mbande, chidebe chiyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo owala ndi kuwala kowala. Kutentha kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 10-12zaC kuti mbande zisatambasule. Ndikofunika kutengera chidebecho ndi mbande kupita kukhonde kapena pakhonde popanda Kutenthetsa. Kutsirira koyamba sikuyenera kuchitidwa kale kuposa masiku angapo mutamera kumera. Tsopano patatha masiku 10-12 mutabzala, mutha kudumphira m'madzi.
Kuti mumenye mbande, tengani zikho zingapo kapena miphika ndi dzenje lakutsalira. Zomwe nthaka ikuyenera kukhala:
- mchenga - gawo limodzi;
- pepala - 2 magawo;
- turf kumtunda - 2 magawo.
Pakadali pano, mbande sizikhala ndi masamba enieni, chifukwa chake ndikasambira, hydrogel pang'ono iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka kuti ilimbikitse mizu. Pambuyo pake mitundu ya levkoy ikhoza kubzalidwa mwachindunji mu pansi posambira. Zomera zikakhala ndi masamba awiri owona, mbande zimafunika kudyetsedwa. Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe mbande panthaka, kuumitsa kumachitika. Ndondomeko iyenera kuchitidwa pasanadutse masiku 10 mpaka 14, itayikiridwa kuti ichotsedwe pamalowo.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Pakulima kopambana kwa malo atsitsi lamanzere, opanda mphepo komanso kotentha ndi koyenera. Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale yonyansa, ngakhale imamera bwino pamitundu ina. Nthawi zambiri musanabzale, onjezani dothi feteleza zachilengedwekupatula manyowa.
Mbande obzalidwa lotseguka mkati mwa Meyi. Madzi amathiridwa m'mitsime yokonzedwa kuti ikule kenako mbande zimasunthidwa ndi mtanda wina kuti usawononge mizu. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala mosinthana ndi 20-30 cm.Mbewu sizimawopa kutentha kwa masika, pokhapokha ngati zimakhala zazifupi mpaka 2-3zaC. M'mwezi wa Juni, maluwa a levkoy adzayamba kuphuka.
Mbewu zingabzalidwe nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa Epulo. Mbewu zikakula pang'ono, zimayenera kudulilidwa, ndikungolimira zazikuluzikulu ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5. Maluwa a mbewu zotere amatha kuwoneka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Kwa kukula kwabwinobwino ndi kukula kwa levkoy kuthirira nthawi zonse kumafunika. Levkoy samvera chilala komanso kuthirira. Mukangobzala mbande panthaka, simungathe kuthirira, ndipo ndibwino kubzala mbande madzulo.
Kuchepetsa dothi komanso kuchotsa paudzu kumathandiza kuti Mattiola akhazikike bwino. Ngati kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi, ndiye kuti akumanzere azisangalala ndi maluwa ambiri. Zomera ziyenera kulandila zakudya zofunikira kuti zikule bwino komanso maluwa. Ndikofunika kuthira feteleza wa mchere, mwachitsanzo, musanabzale, onjezerani feteleza wa phosphorous.
Kubala kwa Levkoy
Omwe alimi ambiri amasangalala levka yokhala ndi maluwa awiri, koma mitundu yakeyo ndi yosabereka. Terry inflorescence samapanga nthanga. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yolerera levkoy ndi mbewu. Olima maluwa odziwa maluwa amabzala nthangala za levkoy patadutsa milungu iwiri iliyonse kuti mbewuyo idakometse nthawi yayitali ndi maluwa ake owala.
Akatswiri akuti inflorescence okongola kwambiri amaperekedwa ndi mbande zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku njere zosapangidwa mosasinthika. Kwa iwo amakula kumanzere ndi kawiri inflorescence. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndiyabwino mbande. kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zipangitsa kuti nthawi yowonjezerapo chidwi cha maluwa komanso maluwa onunkhira.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ngakhale kusamalira maluwa kosavuta, ali ndi drawback imodzi - anthu amanzere akuopa matenda a fungus. Zitha kusungidwa pansi kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwononga maluwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadzala levkoy pamalo omwe kabichi imakula kapena pafupi ndi kabichi kabichi.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda oyamba ndi fungus, muyenera kuchitira nthawi yomweyo chomera ndi fungicides. Pa maluwa, tizirombo ta matthiol amakhudzidwa ndi:
- utoto wopachika;
- gulugufe kabichi;
- azungu.
Zomera zitha kutetezedwa ku tizilombo yankho la madzi ndi phulusamwa kupopera mankhwala oterowo ndi masamba a levco.
Maluwa a Curk ndi osakhwima nthawi zonse amatha kupanga mawonekedwe m'munda. Fungo lokoma la maluwa nthawi zonse limakulirakulira ndikuyamba kwamdima. Levka atha kukhala wamkulu m'mbale ndi miphika. Mitundu yomwe imakula pang'ono nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapiri a alpine kapena malire. Amapanga mawonekedwe abwino pakupanga kwamadziwe ndi maiwe. Pamene nyengo yozizira ya lamanzere ingabzalidwe mu malo amaluwa ndikusamutsira mnyumbamo, ikusungidwa m'malo abwino. Kunyumba, sizingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi ndi mtundu wowala ndi fungo labwino.
