Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za wolima dimba wabwino ndikugawa bwino ntchito ndi nthawi. Pali ntchito yambiri pamtunda, chifukwa chake, mutachita ntchito zina mu kugwa, mutha kudzipumula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Koma nchiyani chomwe chingapangitse kuti ntchito ya masika ikhale yosavuta? Yankho ndi mbewu yachisanu!
Kodi mbewu yozizira ndi chiyani?
Tanthauzo la zomwe mbewu za nthawi yachisanu zimachita mdzina la ulimi - mbewu za nthawi yozizira. Kubzala mbewu m'mabedi pamtunda wokhazikika wa mpweya m'chigawo cha 0 ° С ndi kutentha kwa dothi + 2 ... + 4 ° С komwe kumatchedwa mbewu yachisanu. M'madera osiyana nyengo, mphindi iyi imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana, ngati kwinakwake kumapeto kumapeto kwa Okutobala, m'malo ena mu Novembala.
Kubzala adyo ozizira.
Kodi phindu lanyengo yachisanu ndi liti?
Phindu pobzala masamba nthawi yachisanu ndilabwino kwambiri ndipo ndibwino kuti musanyalanyaze.
- Choyamba, ikupeza mbewu 2 - 3, komanso pobisalira kanema ndi masabata 4 m'mbuyomukuposa ndi kubzala kwa masika.
- Kachiwiri, kupeza kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kubwerera, matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbande.
- Chachitatu, chofunikira kusunga nthawi nthawi yamasika ntchito.
- Ndipo pamapeto pake kutulutsa kwakukulu kuchokera kudera lomwelo, kudzera pakugwiritsa ntchito mbewu mobwerezabwereza.
Kodi zingafesedwe bwanji nthawi yachisanu isanachitike?
Kusankhidwa kwa mbeu zobzalidwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira ndikokwanira. Izi ndi: sipinachi, tsamba letesi, radishi, parsley, katsabola, kachiromboka, kaloti, saladi ya mpiru, anyezi, leek, sorelo, udzu wa nkhaka, ruccola, masamba, kolori, rhubarb, utoto, wofiyira ndi Chinese kabichi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyandama nthawi yozizira nkopindulitsa adyo ndi anyezi akhazikitsa, komanso kwa iwo omwe amakonda zitsamba zokulira, - kufesa sage, mankhwala a chamomile ndi Valerian officinalis.
Kodi kubzala mbewu kumapeto yophukira?
Kuti mbewu za chisanu zisabweretse zovuta, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kale kuchokera kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kuyambira kwa Okutobala. Kukonzekera kumakhala kukumba, kuphatikiza ndi kupanga mabedi, kusankha mbewu, kugula masheya obzala.
Malo kwa yophukira mbewu ndikofunikira kusankha dzuwa, osati mphepo, kukwezedwa - osavutika ndi kusunthika kwa chinyezi cha masika.
Mbewu sankhani mosamala: gulani mitundu yosagwirizana ndi kutentha kochepa komanso maluwa, ofunika maola ochepa masana, okhala ndi kucha kucha.
Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito pansi pa nyengo yachisanu, zonse zachilengedwe komanso feteleza wophatikiza, koma nthawi zonse pofotokoza mbewu yofesedwa.
Ndikofunikira kuyamba kufesa pamene kutentha kumazungulira kuzungulira kwa zero zero kwa thermometer, nthawi zambiri iyi ndi nthawi yachisanu kwambiri. Komabe, simuyenera kufulumira ndi kufesa - ngati dothi likuuma kenako ndikunyowa, izi zimatha kupangitsa kumera kwa mbewu, kenako kufa kwawo.
Ngati nthawi ikusowa, mutha kubzala mbeu zing'onozing'ono, musanaze kokha ndi mabedi, koma dothi lokonzedwa kale. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mulingo wofanana wamchenga wamtsinje, kompositi yovunda ndi dothi lathyathyathya lamunda.
Chiyeso pofesa mbewu nthawi yachisanu chimachulukitsidwa ndi 25 - 50% poyerekeza ndi malingaliro onse.
Kukula kwa kuyika kwa mbeu kumatengera mtundu wa dothi: pakukula pang'ono, zimapangidwa ndikuchuluka kwa 0,5 cm kuposa masiku onse.
Ndipo ayi mbewu za nthawi yozizira sizithirira madzi! Koma ziyenera kuyikiridwa.
Kubzala mitengo.
Zomera za nthawi yozizira
Kubzala adyo ozizira
Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zobzala adyo yachisanu. Kusiyana kwawo kuli pakuzama kwa kukhazikika kwa mano, chifukwa chake munthawi yogwira ntchito.
Njira yachikhalidwe amatanthauza kukulitsa kwa kubzala zinthu zakuya kwa 3 mpaka 5 cm ndipo kumachitika masabata awiri mpaka atatu isanayambike nyengo yozizira yozizira. Kwa madera apakati uku ndikumapeto kwa Seputembala, kumwera ndi kumadzulo - koyambirira kwa Novembala.
Njira yachiwiri - njira yofikira kwambiri. Imachitika ndikuzama kwameno kwa 10 - 15 cm, yomwe imakulolani kuti muyambe kugwira ntchito kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Komabe, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri mu nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pamenepo.
Koma kusankha njira yotsikira siinakwanitse 100%. Kwa adyo, muyenera kukonzekera bwino mabedi. Ndipo nayi lamulo lofunika kulephera kubweretsa manyowa pansi pa chikhalidwe, popeza imakhudzana ndi fetelezayu chifukwa cha kukula kwa masamba, kupangidwa kwa mitu yotayirira komanso kusakhazikika pamatenda.
Kuthira dothi pamabedi adyo ndikofunikira pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa, kompositi yozungulira bwino kompositi (3 - 4 makilogalamu pa sq. M.), Komanso feteleza wamchere, mwachitsanzo, nitrofoski (20 - 30 g pa sq. M.). Ngati dothi ndi acidic - laimu limawonjezeredwa pansi pa wotsogolera, dongo - pansi pamchenga. Dothi louma, komanso dothi laiwisi laudzu la adyo wokula silabwino.
Podzala, ndibwino kusankha mano akuluakulu komanso athanzi kwambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Musanabzale, zinthu zofunika kubzala ziyenera kuzulidwa ndi yankho la manganese 0,1%.
Kuti mulime bwino mbewuyi, ndikofunikira ndipo kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Osabzala adyo pambuyo pa anyezi ndi mbatata, monga iwo, monga chikhalidwechi, amakonda potaziyamu ndipo amawonongeka ndi matenda omwewo, ndipo pambuyo pa nkhaka, maungu, tsabola, phwetekere, ndi ma biringanya. Ngati, komabe, adyo abzalidwe pa adyo, ndiye atatola mbewu yakale m'mabedi, ndikofunikira kubzala vetch, ndikutsatira ndikuphatikiza unyinji wobiriwira m'nthaka.
Kapangidwe wamba ka adyo pamabedi am'munda ndi 10 × 15 cm.
Kufika nyengo yachisanu ya anyezi.
Anyezi anyezi
Kuchita bwino kumaperekedwa ndi kubzala kwa dzinja kwa anyezi, makamaka m'malo ozizira, komwe sikukolola koyambirira kokha, komanso kukolola kwakukulu kumachitika. Mababu obzalidwa mu kugwa samakhudzidwa ndi ntchentche za anyezi, downy mildew, ndikosavuta kuti udzu ukhale. Ndipo kuti muzitha kubzala mpaka kumapeto, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri, kotero kuti zotumiza zotsekedwa zimasanjidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikukonzekera kubzala.
Madeti obzala sevka agwirizane ndi nyengo yachisanu yobzala adyo, koma ngati mukufuna kusankha mbewu yomwe ingatenge nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti anyezi amatha kudikirira pang'ono. Kusankhidwa kwa masamba obzala anyezi sikunasiyananso. Komabe, mabedi anyezi atha kukhazikika pofika nthawi yomwe ntchitoyo iyambika, chifukwa chake amakonzedwa pasadakhale milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Malangizo pazomwe azitsogolera sizikusiyana.
Kuti mbewu ya anyezi ipambane, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yapadera yozizira yophukira yophukira ndikutsimikiza kuti musankhe zofunikira kubzala. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali kusankha, ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yakuthwa - nthawi yozizira bwino, osawombera, ndipo pofika nthawi yokolola imakhala ndi kukula kofanana ndi nthawi yobzala masika.
Kupita mu ma seti, tizigawo 4 timasiyanitsidwa: ndi mainchesi a 1 mpaka 1.5 cm, kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 3 cm, oposa 3 cm mpaka 1 cm (oatmeal). Iliyonse ya zinthu zomwe ilimo imakhala ndi zake zomwe zimakhazikika mosiyana.
Gawo loyamba (m'mimba mwake mpaka 1.5 cm) ndi kuyang'anira - ndichisankho chabwino kwambiri pakufesa nthawi yozizira, popeza sapereka mivi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapatsa wamaluwa zovuta zochepa. Amafunika kubzala molingana ndi 3 3 15 cm masentimita ndikukula kuti apange mitu yolingana ndi mitundu.
Kukula kwam Sevc kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 3 cm Nthawi zambiri chimakula nthenga zoyambirira. Pankhaniyi, imakula kapena kukhala ndi zisa - mababu atatu pachisa.
Mababu oposa 3 cm m'mimba mwake iwo amalima malinga ndi chiwembu 8 - 10 x 15 - 20 cm.
Kuzama mozama kutsimikiza kuchokera pakukula kwa kukula kwamkulu atatu, kuphatikiza pafupifupi 1.5 cm, kapena kutalika kwa babu ochulukitsidwa ndi 3, kuphatikiza 2 - 3 cm mulch.
Nthenga za kaloti zofesedwa mu kugwa.
Zilala zobzala yozizira
Imalekerera mbewu yachisanu ndi kaloti.
Mukamakonzera bedi lanu, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwechi chimakonda dothi lotayirira ndipo sililekerera zinthu zosavunda konse (bedi lokalidwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito karoti kwa zaka 2 - 3 zokha). Chifukwa chake, nthaka pansi pake idakumbidwa bwino, phulusa, feteleza am'migodi (mwachitsanzo, superphosphate - 20-25 g pa mita imodzi ndi mita ya potaziyamu - 10-15 g) kapena manyowa okhwima (3-5 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi) amawonjezeredwa ndipo, ngati nthaka ndi yolemera, mchenga umawonjezeredwa, ngati acidic - laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite. Amalola nthaka kuti ikhazikike, ndipo poyambira kutentha pang'ono (+ 2 ... + 4 ° C) ayamba kubzala.
Zotsogola udzu winawake sungakhale pansi pa kaloti, koma nkhaka, mbatata, anyezi, kabichi angachite. Kuti mukolole bwino, zipatso zoyambirira kucha ndi kucha kucha zimasankhidwa kuti zibzale, kapena mitundu yoperekedwa kwa mbewu yozizira. Ndibwino kwambiri ngati mbewu yake ili yopanda granular, ndipo koposa zonse, youma!
Ndi kubzala kwa kaloti nthawi yozizira, kuchuluka kwa njere kumakulitsidwa ndi 20 - 25% (izi ndi pafupifupi 1 g pa mita imodzi), amaperekanso kukuya kwakukuru kwa mabowo - 4-5 masentimita ndi mtunda pakati pa ma groves a 20-25 cm.
Ngati njere zibzalidwe m'ming'alu yaying'ono, zipatsozo zimakutidwa ndi dothi louma kapena losavuta, lomwe limafukulidwa m'munda, m'munda mutabzala, bedi limakulitsidwa.
Mukafesa kaloti mu yophukira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyengo yozizira yobzala mbewu imakhala ndi mitengo yochepa yosungirako, chifukwa chake simuyenera kukhala malo akuluakulu.
Kufesa kwa dzinja
Beets amalimbikitsidwa kubzala yophukira chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yophukira, mpaka masiku 130 pamitundu ina. Kubzala kwake kumachitika nyengo yozizira ikakhazikika pa kutentha kwa - 2 ... - 4 ° C, komwe madera ena osakhalitsa akuwoneka kale kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala. Apa lamulo lalikulu ndikofunikira kulingalira nthawi yakubzala kuti mbewu zisaphuke, koma kungofalikira, apo ayi adzafa.
Pakubzala kwa nyengo yozizira, mitundu yapadera yolimbana ndi kuzizira, kapena mitundu yamipatso yakuyamba yomwe singagwiritse ntchito kuwombera, imasankhidwa. Mbewuzo zimabzalidwa zouma, mpaka pafupifupi 3 - 5 cm, pamtunda wa 5 - 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzere, kutalika kwa mzere wa 30 - 40 cm.
Asanabzale, mabedi amaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza (5 kg pa sq. M.) Ndipo feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (15 g pa sq. M.), Ngati dothi ndi acidic, amawonjezera ufa wa dolomite (5 l pa sq. M.).
Chofunikira kwa beets ndi kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Silingabzalidwe pambuyo pa kaloti, kabichi, ndikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa tomato, anyezi, nkhaka, mbatata ndi tsabola.
Kuti mupeze mbewu pamabedi ofesedwa nyengo yachisanu sabata isanakwane, beets ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi filimu ndikuchotsa ndikuwoneka ngati nthambi yoyamba.
Sikoyenera kubzala beets yambiri mu kugwa, popeza ilibe mitengo yayikulu yosunga.
Masamba a parsley.
Kubzala nyengo yachisanu kwa parsley ndi katsabola ndi ena amadyera
Mukabzala parsley ndi katsabola mu nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo omwewo ngati nthawi yachisanu mbewu za zokolola zina: kukumba ndi manyowa mabedi pasadakhale, kubzala pa chisanu chomwe chabwera, onjezerani pang'ono kukula ndi kufesa, ndipo kumapeto kwa ntchito, mulch malowo ndi gawo louma.
Seeding parsley, amapanga ma 20-25 25 cm, pomwe kukula kwa kubzala kwa mbeu zake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 1.5 cm. Katsabola m'dzinja amatseka pafupifupi masentimita 2,5, kusiya mtunda wa pakati pa masentimita 20. Omwe amatsogolera ambulera sangakhale mbewu za mabanja awo - cilantro, kaloti, mbewu za caraway, fennel, koma pakhoza kukhala nkhaka, kabichi, mbatata, ndi zukini.
Kuphatikiza pa parsley ndi katsabola nthawi yachisanu mutha kubzala: udzu winawake, sipinachi, rhubarb, udzu wa nkhaka, parsnip, mpiru wa saladi. Monga mbewu zina zonse nthawi yozizira, imamera kale kwambiri kuposa masika a masika ndipo izisangalala, kukumbukira kuti zonse zachitika molondola.
