Maluwa a tiyi a haibridi ndi gulu lodziwika bwino la maluwa akuluakulu otulutsa maluwa. Ichi ndi chowongolera pakati pa maluwa. Dzinali limatchedwa "tiyi wosakanizidwa" chifukwa maluwawo amachokera ku maluwa akale a tiyi. Maluwa a tiyi anali ndi fungo labwino la tiyi watsopano wokhala ndi maluwa komanso maluwa okongoletsedwa bwino. Komabe, sanali kugonjera nyengo ndipo sanali okhatira matenda. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zosankhidwa, mitundu ya tiyi-hybrid idatha kupangidwa, yomwe zizindikirozi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adalipo kale. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana zaiwo.
Tee Wophatikiza Wophatikiza, Kukhudza Midas.
Muli mitundu yamtundu wa tiyi wosakanizidwa
Gulu la maluwa a tiyi osakanizidwa amadziwika kuti ndi maluwa otchuka kwambiri pamaluwa onse. Ili ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana yamtundu, fungo ndi maluwa. Zomera zimakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndipo zimapanga chitsamba chaching'ono kapena chapakatikati. Ngati angafune, ndikosavuta kuwapatsa mawonekedwe oyenera. Ndiwabwino minda ing'onoing'ono.
Mitundu yoyambirira ya gululi ("La France") idapezedwa mu 1867 ndi wochita kubzala waku France waku Guyot kuti asadutse kukonzanso "Madame Victor Verdier" wokhala ndi tiyi wotchedwa "Madame Bravi".
Maluwa a gululi anaposa mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yomwe amadziwika nayo mikhalidwe yawo. Adaphatikiza zabwino zapamwamba zamitundu yoyambayo. Kuyambira m'matayala, adalandira mawonekedwe okongola a duwa, fungo labwino komanso kutuluka kwa maluwa kutulutsa mosalekeza komanso mokwanira, ndipo kuchokera kwa okonzanso, kuuma kwa nkhuni komanso kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira.
Maluwa a tiyi a haibridi amadziwika chifukwa cha maluwa ake okongola komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amitundu. Ndi zoyera, zachikaso, zapinki, zofiirira, lalanje, zofiira, zimakhala ndi masinthidwe ambiri, komanso kamvekedwe ka mawu awiri kapena mtundu zikamasintha.
Maluwa osiyanasiyana a tiyi osakanizidwa amasiyanasiyana m'njira zambiri: kutalika kwa tchire kumayambira 50 mpaka 90 masentimita, mawonekedwe ake ndikuwoneka kuti akuphulika mpaka piramidi yopapatiza. Masamba amtundu wina ndiwofewa, pomwe ena ndi okuda, achikopa, matte kapena chonyezimira. Maluwa amakhala awiriawiri ndipo amakhala ndi petals 20 mpaka 128 yokhala ndi mainchesi 8-15 cm.Pafiyamu nthawi zambiri maluwa a 5-7 amapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 80 cm. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo.
Chapakati pa Russia, tiyi wosakanizidwa umaphukira mozungulira June 20 ndikutuluka mpaka nthawi yophukira. Amakhala osatentha nthawi yozizira kuposa omwe amawakonza ndipo amaundana kale kutentha kwa -8 ° С kapena -10 ° С, koma ngati aphimbidwa, amakhazikika bwino nthawi yachisanu. Masiku ano, ali ndi malo otsogola pakati pa mitundu ina ya maluwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo obzala zokongoletsera komanso mbewu zobiriwira kuti apange maluwa odulidwa.
Mitundu yamakono yotchuka ya maluwa a tiyi osakanizidwa
Rose "Kunyada kwa Amereka." Maluwa ndi ofiira akuda, velvety, okhala ndi mikwaso yakuda, goblet, mpaka 15 masentimita, awiri, (40-50 petals), mzimu wopanda mphamvu, wosakwatiwa komanso 5-7 mu inflorescence. Mabasi ndi wamtali (80 cm), wandiweyani, wokulirapo, masamba akulu, wakuda wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino kwambiri pakubzala komanso kudula.
Rose "Ankle Walter". Maluwa ndi ofiira, velvety, ali ndi malo apamwamba, akuluakulu (10-12 cm), pawiri mpaka 30, omwe amakhala ndi fungo lofooka, wosakwatiwa komanso 5-7 mu inflorescence. Mabasi ndiokwera kwambiri (110-140cm). Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira akuda, achikuda ndi tint bronze. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda a fungus. Zoyenera kubzala pagulu komanso kudula.
Rose "Alexander". Ndili ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka ngati chikopa cha cinnabar ofika mainchesi 10 cm, terry (22-27 petals). Amanunkhira pang'ono, amatha kukhala nokha komanso mu inflorescence. Mabasi ndi amphamvu (masentimita 100), kuphukira pang'ono, nthambi, mphukira zazikulu. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali. Zima hardiness ndizabwino, kukaniza motsutsana ndi fungal matenda - nawonso. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kubzala pamagulu ndi kudula.
Tee Wophatikiza Wophatikiza, Kusangalala Kawiri.
Rosa "Baron Edmond de Rothschild." Ili ndi miyala ya mitundu iwiri: yofiirira-rasipiberi panja, yowoneka bwino rasipiberi ndi yoyera mpaka pansi - mkati. Maluwa ndi goblet, ndi mainchesi 10-11 cm, terry (45-52 petals), onunkhira kwambiri, ambiri osakwatiwa. Mabasi ndiwokwera - mpaka 110 masentimita, yaying'ono, masamba ake ndi akulu, achikopa, owala; limamasula kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosachedwa nthawi yozizira ndipo ndizoyenera kukula m'magulu.
Rose "Wienerwald". Maluwa ndi a salmon-pinki, owala bwino, ndipo ali ndi duwa la lalanje, woboola pakati, masentimita 9 mpaka 10, wamitundu iwiri (55-65 petals), wonunkhira pang'ono, wopanda pake komanso wosonkhanitsidwa pang'ono inflorescence. Mabasi 70-80 masentimita okwera, wandiweyani, yaying'ono. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira amdima, achikopa, onyezimira. Amamasuka kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kubzala m'magulu, mwachikhalidwe komanso kudula.
Rose "Dam de Coeur". Maluwawo amakhala ofiira, ofiira, masentimita 11 mpaka 12, pawiri (pamiyala 60), onunkhira pang'ono, wolimbikira. Mabasi ndi okhazikika 80-100 cm wamtali, wandiweyani, okhazikika. Masamba ndiwobiliwira, owala. Limaphuka kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira ndiyokwera kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kukula m'magulu, chifukwa chodulira komanso chikhalidwe.
Rosa "Die Welt". Ili ndi miyala ya lalanje kumunsi ndi masamba achikasu kunja. Maluwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo apamwamba, masentimita 11, awiri pawiri (pamiyala 65), onunkhira pang'ono, onse osakwatiwa komanso inflorescence. Mabasi akukulira mowongoka, 90-120 masentimita okwera, wandiweyani, yaying'ono. Masamba ndi akulu, achikopa, owala. Limamasula kwambiri komanso mosalekeza. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kupanga magulu, odula komanso odziwika chikhalidwe.
Rose "Doris Tistermann". Maluwa ndi a tangerine-lalanje, okongola mawonekedwe, okhala ndi malo apamwamba, mainchesi 11-12 cm, pawiri (28-35 petals), onunkhira pang'ono, ambiri amakhala osakwatiwa. Mabasi ndiwokwera - 100-135 masentimita, okula molunjika. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira, obiriwira, achikuda, owala pang'ono. Limaphuka kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino pamagulu komanso mabala.
Rose "Duftwolke." Maluwa ndi owala kwambiri, kuyambira kufiira kwa coral mpaka geranium wofiira, wokhala ndi masentimita 10-11, okongola mawonekedwe, terry (25-30 petals), onunkhira bwino kwambiri, wosonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence - mpaka 10 ma PC. m'modzi. Tchire ndizitali kwambiri - mpaka 1 m, ndi mphukira zowongoka komanso wandiweyani. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, achikuda. Limaphuka kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri.
Rose "Nyenyezi Yakumadzulo". Amapanga maluwa oyera okhala ndi chikasu cha chikasu kumunsi, ndi malo apamwamba, awiri mpaka 11 masentimita, pawiri (40-45 petals), onunkhira, pawekha komanso mu inflorescence. Mabasi mpaka kutalika kwa 80 cm. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira amdima, achikopa. Limaphuka kwambiri. Hard Hardness yozizira mumsewu wapakati ndi yokwanira. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino pamagulu, mabala, chikhalidwe chokhazikika.
Rosa Chrysler Imperial. Maluwa ndi ofiira amtundu wokhala ndi buluzi wakuda, wokhala ndi malo apamwamba, awiri apakati 11 cm, pawiri (40-50 petals), onunkhira kwambiri. Mabasi amakula molunjika, 80cm kutalika, yaying'ono. Masamba ndiwobiriwira pang'ono, osachedwa kunyezimira. Limaphuka kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa nthawi yozizira. Oyenera magulu ndi mabala.
Rosa "Zingwe zabwino." Maluwa a Kirimu okhala ndi kuthamanga kwamaso amdima akuda m'mphepete ndi poyambira m'munsi, ndi malo apamwamba, awiri apakati masentimita 11 mpaka 12, onenepa kwambiri (pamiyala 60-70), onunkhira kwambiri. Tchire ndilowongoka, mpaka kutalika kwa 80 cm. Masamba ali obiriwira amdima, achikopa, owala. Limaphuka kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri.
Rosa "Crepe de Chin". Maluwa ndi ofiira ofiira ndi utoto wa lalanje, wophika, mpaka masentimita 10, wapawiri (25-30 petals), wonunkhira pang'ono. Tchire ndilowongoka, kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Masamba ali obiriwira amdima, achikopa, owala. Limaphuka kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira pakanjira yapakati imakhala yotalikirapo.
Rose "Criteron". Amakhala ngati ofiira, ofiirira, okongola ooneka okongola, ndipo m'mimba mwake mpaka 10cm, miyala yofiirira (masamba 30), onunkhira. Mabasi ndi amtali (mpaka 100 cm) komanso owongoka. Masamba ndiwobiliwira, owala. Limamasula limodzi. Masamba amalekeredwa bwino. Oyenera kukula m'magulu komanso kudula.
Rose "Lady X." Maluwa apinki, ofiirira a maluwa osiyanasiyana amtunduwu ndi achilendo kwambiri - ali ndi malo apakati komanso awiri a masentimita 12. Amakhala amitundu iwiri (mpaka 50 petals), onunkhira pang'ono, payekha komanso mu inflorescence a ma 3-5 pcs. m'modzi aliyense. Mabasi ndi amphamvu (mpaka masentimita 120) owongoka, ochepa. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira amdima, achikopa. Phulusa kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira ndiyabwino. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera magulu ndi mabala.
Tiyi Wosakanizidwa Wakale, Mendulo ya Golide.
Rose "Le rouge e le noir". Maluwa ndi ofiira, okhala ndi duwa labwino, mpaka 13 cm, awiri (25-30 petals), onunkhira pang'ono. Mabasi ndiokwera kwambiri (mpaka 110 cm), wandiweyani. Limamasula limodzi. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri.
Rosa "Mainzer Fastnacht". Maluwa ndi a lilac, okongola bwino, okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 10 cm, pawiri (40 pamakhala) komanso onunkhira kwambiri. Tchire ndilowongoka komanso lalitali - mpaka masentimita 90. Masamba ali obiriwira amtundu wachikopa. Limaphuka kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosakhazikika nthawi yachisanu ndipo ndizoyenera kubzala m'magulu, kudula ndikukakamiza.
Rosa "Bwana Lincoln." Maluwa ndi ofiira akuda, velvety, onunkhira, okhala ndi malo apamwamba, mainchesi 12 cm, pawiri (mpaka 40 petals). Mabasi ndi amphamvu - mpaka 90cm komanso owoneka bwino. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, achikuda. Maluwa pang'ono, koma motalika komanso mosalekeza. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zowuma nthawi yayitali mkati.
Rose "Adapeza chidaliro." Maluwa amtunduwu, ofiira akuda okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa, amakhala ndi mainchesi 10-11 cm, terry (40-50 petals), onunkhira pang'ono komanso osanjidwa mosiyana. Mabasi ndi owongoka, 80-90 masentimita okwera, wandiweyani. Masamba ndiwobiriwira, achikuda. Limamasula limodzi. Hardiness yozizira imakhala yokwanira. Yoyenera kubzala m'magulu komanso kudula.
Zambiri za kukula kwa maluwa osakanizidwa a tiyi
Maluwa a tiyi ophatikiza maluwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa June mpaka kugwa ndipo ndi ochulukirapo. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumatenga kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi, kenako kupumula kwakanthawi, kamene kamayenda maluwa ena kumayamba, mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Chifukwa chake, maluwa a tiyi wosakanizidwa amadziwika ndi maluwa osapitilira.
Maluwa amabzalidwa masika kuti malowo azitha kulumikizidwa ndi 2-3 masentimita pansi pa nthaka. Kudulira kumachitika mchaka, chilimwe komanso nthawi yophukira. Kudulira kwa masika ndiye kwakukulu. Choyamba, mapangidwe chitsamba chimadalira. Kudulira kwamaluwa kumayamba maluwa mutangotsegulira zomaliza zomeranso nyengo yachisanu kapena nthawi yobzala.
Mbali yakumwambayo imadulidwa mosasamala za mitundu, mphukira zolimba zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 10-15 cm, ndikusiya masamba atatu opangidwa bwino pa iwo, pa ofooka - 1-2. Mukabzala yophukira, kudulira kumachitika masika, mukangochotsa pogona.
Maluwa a tiyi a haibridi samakhala okanira kuzizira, chifukwa chake amafunika malo ogona nthawi yozizira ndipo ngati alipo, azitha bwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mukamayang'anitsitsa maluwa anu mosavuta, mupeza tizirombo mosavuta kapena matenda - izi zimakuthandizani kuti muthane nawo bwino.
Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi
Bowa amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe bowa amalandira. Kugawa kwawo kumathandizidwa ndi chinyezi chachikulu, kutentha kwambiri, komanso feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Bowa amafalitsa ndi spores omwe amanyamulidwa ndi mpweya, motero matenda amafalikira mwachangu.
Matenda ofala kwambiri a maluwa ndi tsamba lakuda, dzimbiri ndi thonje.
Dzimbiri: Chodabwitsa cha matendawa ndikuti spores yomwe imayambitsa bowa, isanayambe rose, imafuna chomera chamtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, juniper. Osabzala maluwa pafupi ndi juniper.
Downy mildew: kumachitika ngati chilimwe chimvula. Kuwala kumawoneka pansipa papepala, pomwe amasintha kukhala mawonekedwe oyera. Popewa kufalikira kwa matendawa, maluwa ayenera kubzala m'malo opatsa mpweya wabwino, ndipo masamba omwe akhudzidwa akuyenera kuwonongeka.
Zosangalatsa: bowa wopangitsa kuti azikhazikika pamakoma okoma omwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimasiya. Ma fungal colonies amaphimba tsamba ndi zokutira zakuda bii. Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, maluwa amafufafaniza ndi njira yothira sopo.
Gray zowola: Zimakhudza masamba, maluwa, masamba, ndi mphukira. Pakapita kanthawi, mitundu yovala imvi imapangika pa iwo, komanso malo akuwola, omwe amachititsa kuti mbewu izifa. Chomera chodwala chimapoperedwa ndi decoction yamahatchi, ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimadulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
Matenda a virus: Ma virus ambiri amalowa mumalirowo kudzera pamavuto oyipa kapena mukadzidulira ndi zida zosakwanira. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda a virus, maluwa amatuluka ochulukirachulukira, kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewuyo kumachepera, masamba amawala. Popewa matenda amenewa, muyenera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosamala, kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimawonongeka.
Ma tiyi a haibridi m'munda wamaluwa.
Tizilombo ta maluwa
Tizilombo: mwanjira ya mphutsi kapena mbozi, amadya masamba, mphukira zazing'ono, mizu kapena masamba. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayamwa madzi kuchokera kwa iwo ndipo timatha kukhala onyamula matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus.
Tizirombo tofala kwambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, masamba, masamba owoneka bwino, zophukira ndi ma cicadas.
- Leaflet: agulugufe yaying'ono amayala ma testicles awo panthambi, pomwe amakhala nthawi yonse yozizira. Chapakatikati mwa mbozi zotuwa zimawonekera, mpaka 15 mm kutalika. Amadya masamba ndi masamba, kenako amasenda masamba ndi ma cobwebs ndikusenda mkati mwa coco. Masamba opindika ndi opindika amachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka. Ndi zowonongeka kwambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mbozi za mbewa: mbozi zobiriwira zimadya masamba, masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Madera okhudzidwa amadulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
- Dulani mtedza: Amayala ma testicles awo makamaka pa mphukira za maluwa akuthengo. Pakadali pano, imakhala yofiyira, pomwepo imamera, pomwe mphuthu zoyera zimatuluka. Mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimafa pang'onopang'ono. Ngati zophukazo zapezeka, mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka.
- Spider nthata: Nyama izi sizilombo, koma ndi arthropod. Choopsa kwambiri ndi kangaude wofiyira. Amayamwa mankhwalawo pachomera, kotero kuti amasanduka chikaso ndikufa. Imavulala kwambiri nthawi yotentha komanso yopanda kutentha.
- Tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa mizu - nematode - yopanda utoto mphutsi 0.5-2 mm kutalika, parasitize pamizu ya mbewu. Choyambitsa kukula kwazomera ndikusintha kwa makulidwe pamizu. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwazo zimachotsedwa, m'malo mwake kwa zaka zingapo zobzalidwa, mwachitsanzo, calendula, zomwe zimathandizira pakutha kwa nematode.
Ndipo ndi mitundu yanji ya maluwa a tiyi osakanizidwa m'munda wanu? Gawani zokumana nazo zanu za kukula muzolemba patsamba kapena pa foramu yathu.
