Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa mapulo nthawi iliyonse pachaka

Maple Curly, korona wokongola, tsamba losema ndi kampu yokongola ya mtengo adalimbikitsa olemba ndakatulo ambiri, ndakatulo kuti apange nyimbo zenizeni. Mpaka pano, mamiliyoni ambiri akumvetsera nyimbo izi ndikuzinyazitsa. Mwa mitundu 150 ya mbewu yamuyaya iyi, yoposa theka imapezeka ku North Hemisphere. Amayimilidwa ndi zitsamba zazikulu kapena zimphona zazikulu, mpaka 40 m kutalika, ngati nyumba yazipinda 16. Zaka zapakati pazazilingaliro ndi zaka 200, ndi linga lalikulupo - 500.

Mtengo wa mapulo umakhudza aliyense ndi masamba ake oyambira ndi korona wandiweyani. M'dzinja, odutsapo amadabwa ndi chikaso chofiira chikongole cha mitundu, ndipo kasupe ndimaluwa owoneka bwino. Popeza mutadziwa mitundu ina ya banja la Sapindova, mutha kusankha njira yabwino pamunda wanu.

Zomera zoyamba zimayalidwa ndi mbande ndi magawo. Nthawi zina, njere zimabzalidwe kosaloledwa mpaka masentimita 10. Epulo ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri mwanjira iyi.

"Ashenilist", adatinso "America"

Mapulo a Ash-leaved adabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku North America (USA ndi Canada) kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapulumuka m'malo otentha komanso dzuwa. Ngati dothi ndilabwino komanso lonyowa, thunthu limafikira mpaka 20-23 m. Mbali ya chikhalidwe chake ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri. Mizu yamphamvu imatulutsa mphukira zambiri. Zotsatira zake, zowonetsera zatsopano zimawoneka mozungulira mtengo, ndikupanga mitengo yonse. Mbewu zakucha m'dzinja zimatulutsa zomwezo. Amawonetsedwa ngati mtundu wa mkango wamawangamawanga ndipo amafanana ndi timisalu tating'ono tating'ono. Kuthengo, chomera chimapulumuka zaka zana limodzi. Kuchokera kwa oimira ena, mtundu wa mapulo aku America ndi osiyana:

1. Maonekedwe a masamba. Ili ndi kapangidwe kovuta, chifukwa ma mbale a 3-5 amapezeka pa nthambi imodzi. Kunja kwawo kumakutidwa ndi pansi, ndipo mbali yakunja ndiyosalala, koma ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri. Masamba osongoka okhala ndi m'mphepete yokhala ndi mawonekedwe amakumbukira phulusa.
2. "Khalidwe lovuta." Akatswiri azachilengedwe amatchulanso kuti namsongole ndi udzu. Imakula ndikuchulukana mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti imachotsa onse okhala nawo tsambalo. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale kudula sikothandiza.
3. Nthambi. Thunthu lake limatuluka. Amabwera wobiriwira komanso maolivi azitona okhala ndi tint yofiyira. Nthambi zolimba zimakutidwa ndi duwa lamtambo kapena lofiirira.

Mapulo a Ashenoid amalimbana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, mpaka -35 ° С. Amakhala momasuka m'mizinda yayikulu yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chakuti nkhuni ndizosalimba, ndipo thunthu limapindika komanso lalifupi, siligwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Mtunduwu umabzalidwe kuti udalitse mbalawo posachedwa.

Pa mtengo umodzi pali amuna ndi akazi inflorescence. Zoyambazo zimaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe opachika ma bullets ndi ma anthers ofiira, ndipo omalizirawo ndi ma ngayaye obiriwira.

"Holly" - chinthu chachikulu sikukhumudwitsidwa

Chikhalidwe chimatchedwa chifukwa masamba ambiri (mpaka 18 masentimita) ali ndi m'mbali lakuthwa. Maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi kanjedza ka munthu ndi zala zisanu. Chomera chokhacho chomwe chimakhala ndi malo okhala ndi mitsempha. Mpweya wamphepo pang'ono, ndipo mapiriwo amaphulika ndi bingu. Chochititsa chidwi choterechi chimawoneka chochititsa chidwi kwambiri kugwa, pomwe mitengo imavala "madiresi" ofiira. Pofotokozera zamabotolo, tiyenera kuwonjezera:

• kutalika kwakukulu - 30 m;
• makungwa a mbande zazing'ono amakhala ofiira ndi mizere yaying'ono, ndipo pakapita nthawi imakhala yowonjezereka;
• inflorescence yobiriwira ndi tint ya mandimu imakhala zishango zomwe zimakongoletsa korona masiku 10 mu Meyi;
• mchaka cha 17 amayamba kubala chipatso chamtundu wa mkango wamtambo wokhala ndi nthanga ziwiri.

Maple a ku Norway amakonda kumera kokha pokhapokha acidic, lonyowa, lachonde komanso lotayirira. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyo ndi yojambulidwa, imakhalabe yokhulupirika kumadera omwe alibe. Zikatero, mtengowo umafalikira ndi mbewu, komanso ndi mphukira. Wamaluwa agwiritsa ntchito bwino njira yolumikizira kuti akule minda yawo. Zaka zitatu zoyambirira zakhala zikukula. Munthawi imeneyi zimasinthidwa.

Mukamasankha mmera, muyenera kulabadira mitundu yonse ya Holly maple Drummand. Chisoti chake chachifumu chimakhala ndi utoto wachilendo. Muli ndi masamba obiriwira ambiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera / obiriwira obiriwira. Chiwonetsero choterechi chidzakhala chitsanzo chapadera paki kapena munda.

Malo amadzimadzi akuda nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa masamba oyambitsidwa ndi fungus spores. Kuwona matanthwe kumakhudzanso makungwa. Mukapanda kudula nthambi zodwala komanso zowonongeka, mtengowo udzafa. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

"Spherical" ngati dziko lapansi

Kuti apange mapu okongola mkati mwake. Sichifunikira kudulira, popeza imakula mpaka kukhala chozungulira. Korona wa mtengowu ndi wandiweyani kwambiri kotero kuti samalola masana. Chimakula kwambiri (mpaka 5 m). M'chilimwe, njira ngati izi zimakondweretsa odutsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira, ndipo nthawi yakugwa - chikaso. Kuphatikiza ndi khungwa lakuda, mpira woyambirira wamasamba amawoneka wosayerekezeka.

Monga mitundu ina yonse ya holly, chikhalidwe chimafunidwa pakusankha dothi. Pamtunda, mchenga, acidic komanso nthaka yosauka, mtengowo umawuma. Madera okhala ndi zophatikizika kwambiri amawonongeranso mizu ya nthambi.

Nthawi zina nthambi zimamera molakwika. Ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kumadera ouma, omwe ali ndi matenda.

Chododometsa chakuda

Ngakhale m'chilengedwe, mtunduwu umakhala wosasintha. Mapulo akuda ndi chitsimikiziro chowonekera cha izi. Dzina lachiwiri la "wokongola" uyu - "Royal Red" kapena ofiira achifumu. Mtengo / udzu wa mbande zazing'ono ukhoza kupanga bwalo lamfumu kunja kwa malo osavuta. Korona wakuda ndi wakuda amafikira mita 10 mulifupi, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 15. Pakatikati ndi nthawi yophukira imapeza mthunzi wowala wofiyira. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mitengo yofiira yamaluwa imaphuka pamtengo ndikutulutsa ndimu yowala, pambuyo pake kuwonekera kwa lionfish. Mitundu yachifumu ya Royal Red ndiyabwino kwambiri pankhani yakula:

• Photophilous;
• amauma ndi kusowa chinyezi;
• amayamba kuwola m'malo a marshy;
• amangofunika dothi lopepuka komanso lamchenga.

Mapulo akuda ndi amtundu wa Holly. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ndi gawo la masamba ndizofanana - mbale zazikulu ndi ma lobes a 5-7. Chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zokongoletsera zamtunda. Kuposa chaka, mtengo umakula ndi 40 cm.

"Zoyera" - yokhala ndi khutu la nyimbo

Violin, zeze, gitala ndi zanyimbo. Nyimbozi ndizopangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa oyera a mapulo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Mabataniwo ndi olimba kwambiri kuti athe kupirira kupanikizika kwa makina ndipo alibe opunduka chifukwa cha chinyezi. Komanso, zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, zida ndi parquet. Kuphatikiza pa izi, akatswiri azachilengedwe amawona mitundu ingapo ya zipatso za mtengowo:

• kutalika 20 40 m;
• Mizu yophukira imafikira pakuya mita 1.5;
• khungwa losalala limakhala la imvi poyamba, koma limayamba kuda ndi kukalamba ndipo limayamba kupindika;
• thunthu la thunthu - mpaka 1 mita;
• masamba (10-15 masentimita) a mthunzi wa emarodi;
• greenores chikasu inflorescences (pa chishango 20-50 ma PC.) imanunkhira fungo lonunkhira;
• Mbeu zozungulira (5-10 mm uliwonse) zimapezeka mu nsomba za mkango.

Maple sycamore (imodzi mwa mayina wamba) yatchuka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake ndi korona wakuda. Masamba, nthambi, makungwa ndi maluwa ali ndi machiritso. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, pafupifupi matenda osiyanasiyana 45 amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi ma tinctures, komanso ma decoctions.

Pambuyo potola, khungubayo imayimitsidwa ndikusungidwa kwapadera ku 50 ° C mpaka kumasuka. Zinthu zosafunikira ziyenera kusungidwa m'makatoni (ndi mpweya wabwino) kwa zosaposa zaka zitatu.

"Chitata" - mzimu weniweni wamtunduwo

Kuphatikizidwa kodabwitsa kwa inflorescence yofiyira ndi masamba obiriwira kumakhudzidwa mpaka pakati. Zimakhudza kupirira kwa zosiyanasiyana. Maple a Chitata amapulumuka nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kuti madera akum'mwera amati ndi kwawo. Zimalekerera nyengo yamvula. Dothi la saline komanso mpweya wotuluka suwononga mbewu. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakopa zambiri zapadera:

• kutalika kwakukulu kwa mtengo kapena chitsamba - 10 m;
• khungwa ndi lakuda komanso losalala;
• korona wandiweyani amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake ozungulira;
• masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mbali zokutira opakidwa utoto wonyezimira wowoneka bwino, ndipo pamitsempha pali chivundikiro chowoneka bwino;
• motsutsana ndi masamba obiriwira, mkango wamkango umawoneka pankhondo yofiyira.

Zosiyanasiyana zimasinthana mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, wosamalira mundawo safunika kufunafuna malo apadera mapulo. Monga mbewu zonse, mapulo a Chitata amakula bwino m'malo otseguka, pang'ono pang'ono.

Dzenje lobzala limapangidwa ndi kukula kwapakatikati: kuya - 50 cm, ndi m'lifupi - 80 cm. Mizu yake imakula kwambiri m'lifupi, kotero musayike mbewu zambiri.

"Ginnala" - nyengo yakuwala

Chikhalidwechi chinabweretsedwa ku Europe kuchokera ku Far East. Ku Mongolia, China ndi Korea, minda yonseyi ili ndi malo osungirako, kotero dzina lake pakati ndi mtsinje. Mapu a Ginnal ndi a gulu la zitsamba, ngakhale korona amakula mpaka 5 metres. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ooneka ngati konkire ndipo imawoneka ngati chihema chofalikira cha kutalika kwamamita 7. Zikhalidwe zamtunduwu:

• poyamba imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu cha lalanje, ndipo kenako imapeza mawonekedwe ofiira owopsa;
• pachimake (kwa masiku 21) ndi panicles zamtundu wa pastel zomwe zimatulutsa kununkhira kosangalatsa;
• Masamba owala ndi masamba atatu, kutalika kwake ndi 8 cm.

Ngati nthawi yotentha mbande imathirira madzi okwanira malita 20 mlungu uliwonse, ndiye kuti pakatha chaka imawonjezera kukula ndi masentimita 25. M'nyengo yophukira-nyengo yachilimwe, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kokwanira mwezi umodzi. Kuvala kwapamwamba pamtundu wa humus ndi feteleza wa mchere kumathandizira kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Mizu sayenera kuyikidwa pansi kwambiri. Masentimita asanu ndi kutalika kokwanira kwa dothi pafupi ndi khosi loyambira.

"Japan" - mtundu wa sakura

Mtengo wowoneka ngati tenti umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera m'mapaki ndi m'minda. Masamba ofiira owoneka bwino osakhwima m'mbali mwa dzuŵa lowonekera bwino. Kutengera ngodya yomwe kuwala kumawalira, amakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira, wa pinki kapena wa lalanje. Zowonetsa ngati moto kuchokera ku maple aku Japan zidamupangitsa kukhala wokondedwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Asanadzalemo zapamwamba zotere, ndikofunika kuti nyakulima adziwe:

• mmera umakula pang'onopang'ono mpaka umafika kutalika kwa 3-5 m;
• podzala, sankhani dothi lonyowa lokha ndi asidi pang'ono;
• malowa akhale owala bwino komanso osakonzekera;
• zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa kuti zikule mchidebe;
• nkhuni sizilekerera mankhwala a laimu.

Mu nyengo yotentha, mapulo ofiira nthawi zambiri amathiridwa madzi - mpaka malita 15 panthawi. Mpaka Ogasiti, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza ndikumathiriridwa mokwanira. Masamba abwino, omwe amatha kukhala ndi masamba 13, ndikofunikira kupopera. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi sayenera kuyima m'nthaka. Chikhalidwe chikamakula, amadula kuti apatse korona mawonekedwe omwe angafune.

Popeza mizu yake ili pafupi kwambiri ndi kumtunda, ndikofunikira kupanga matenthedwe otenthetsera pansi. Pokhazikitsa dothi mozungulira mtengo ndikuwonjezera kupezeka, wosamalira mundawo ateteza chitetezo chokwanira pachilala komanso chisanu.

"Waku Canada" - wosafa pachimodzimodzi ndi mbendera ya dziko

Popeza chomera chobzala chimatulutsa msuzi wokoma, chimatchedwanso maple a shuga. Matabwa olimba pamaulidwe ake sakhala otsika ngakhale kwa oak. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pazofotokozedwera zamtunduwu kuti:

• chisoti chachifumu ndichachikulupo;
• thunthu loyera limakhala ndi mizere yambiri, pomwe nthambi za utoto wofiirira zimakhala zosalala pang'ono;
• thunthu ndi lokwera kuposa 40 m;
• masamba osavuta okhala ndi masamba asanu ophatikizika ndi petioles lalitali;
• kusiyanasiyana kumayesedwa ngati chiwindi chachitali, chifukwa zaka zake zikuyerekezedwa zaka mazana ambiri;
• Mapu a ku Canada otupa mapesi amasonkhanitsidwa mumabampu okhala ndi maluwa 14 okhala ndi maluwa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nthambi zakale za chomera chachilengedwe ndizosalimba, motero zimasweka pakawomba chimphepo chamkuntho kapena chimphepo chamkuntho. Chifukwa chake, amabzalidwa m'malo otsekedwa. Pafupi ndi izi mungakhale mitundu iwiri ya thundu komanso yambiri. Masamba ake owala ndi mbalame zambiri, komanso anthu okhala m'nkhalango.

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana zimalekerera chisanu modekha, zimafunikirabe kukulungidwa m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo.

Mitundu ya shuga imakhala ndi "wachibale" - mapulo asiliva. Imasiyana ndi korona wotchuka, yemwe amakula mpaka 20 mita. Poterepa, nthambi zimakhala pamtengo wachidule (2 mita). Chikhalidwe chidakhala ndi dzina lake lapadera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe odabwitsa a masamba. Amawonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a masentimita 14 ndi masamba asanu. Pamwamba pakepo pamakhala zobiriwira, ndipo wotsikayo ndi wamtambo wokhala ndi thonje losalala. Zotsatira zake, kuwinduka kwawoko kumatha kusintha mtengo kukhala nyanja ya siliva. M'dzinja, chithunzichi chimasintha. Chomera chimavala "chovala" chamtundu wachikasu chomwe chimayaka ndi moto m'mawa.

"Munda" - fanizo lodziwikiratu

Mbali yodziwika ya mapulo akumunda ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Mbale zazikulu zimakhala ndi 3 mpaka 5 zosadula. Maonekedwe odabwitsa amawapatsa petioles (13 cm) zazitali. Chifukwa cha izi, korona wa volumetric amapangidwa (mpaka 8 m). “Chipewa” chamtunduwu chimakhala pach thunthu lopyapyala, lomwe ndi lalikulu masentimita 60. Mu Meyi, mitengo yaying'ono yamaluwa imaphukira ndipo imakondweretsa diso la eni ake kwa masiku 15. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewu zimapezeka patsamba la zipatsozo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, nsomba za kuthengo zokhala ndi mapiko zokhazikika. Komabe kupitirira 15 metres, mtengowo sukula.

Masika kapena yophukira, aang'ono kapena a zaka zana, mapulo amawoneka okongola nthawi zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwa amangosankha chiwonetsero chawo chokha cha ziwembu zawo.