Butia (Butia) - mtengo wakanjedza wowoneka bwino, wobadwira ku South America kuchokera ku Brazil ndi Uruguay. Chomera ichi ndi banja la Palm. Chimfine ndi limodzi ndipo chikumakula pang'onopang'ono, chachikulu kukula. Ili ndi thunthu laimvi ndi masamba olimba a nthenga. Akamakula, masamba a kanjedza amafa, motero pamtengo mungathe kuwona mabwinja awo owoneka bwino.
Mtundu wofala kwambiri cape butia - mtengo wa kanjedza, womwe udalandira dzinali chifukwa cha kukula m'maso mwa tsinde. Masamba amafanana ndi a arc mawonekedwe, amapezeka pa petioles zazitali, kutalika kwa tsamba lililonse kukufika 2-4 m 80 8000 magulu awiri a xiphoid lobes, yayitali komanso yopapatiza, ili pamtunda uliwonse wa arc. Kutalika kwa lobe iliyonse ndi pafupifupi masentimita 75, utoto wake ndiwobiliwira komanso wamtambo wonyezimira, kunsi kwake kumakhala kopepuka. Mu chomera chaching'ono, masamba amathiridwa ndi mawonekedwe, omwe pamapeto pake amasintha kukhala minga.
Pamene kanjedza kamakula, masamba am'munsi adzafa - iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe, ndipo petiole yamakhalidwe idzakhalabe m'malo mwa tsamba, lomwe pambuyo pake lingapereke mawonekedwe osazolowereka kumtundu wa kanjedza. Mabaluwa a Butia amatulutsa maluwa okongola, omwe amatengedwa m'maluwa pafupifupi 1,4 m. Pa inflorescence imodzi, maluwa osakwatirana amatenga - amuna ndi akazi.
Chipatso chakucha chimaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a drupe. Chipatsocho chimatha kudya, ndimanunkhira abwino, zamkati zaphikidwe, kukoma kokoma ndi wowawasa. Drupe anasonkhana burashi. Dzina lachiwiri la butia ndi kanjedza chamafuta, chifukwa zipatso zake zimakonza zakudya zabwino. Chigoba cha mbewu ndilovuta kwambiri, mkati mwa chipatsocho chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Mitundu yambiri ya butia imatha kudutsana mosavuta, kotero masiku ano mumatha kupeza ma hybrids m'malo mwa mitundu yoyera.
Kusamalira butia kanjedza kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Butia imakhala yosangalatsa momwe ingathere pakuwala. Poterepa, mbewuyo imakhala ndi korona wobiriwira, ndipo masamba ake amakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira. Ngati kanjira ka butium kamera mumthunzi wocheperako, ndiye kuti masambawo adzakhala otalika, owonda, amtundu wabwinobwino wopanda mthunzi.
Kutentha
Butium nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe imakhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 20-25 degrees. M'nyengo yozizira, mtengo wa kanjedza umasungidwa kutentha pang'ono - pafupifupi madigiri 12-14, koma osatsika kuposa 10 madigiri. Butia imafunikira mpweya wabwino, kotero chipinda chokhala ndi kanjedza chimathandizira kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chinyezi chokulitsa mitengo ya kanjedza ya butia ziyenera kukhala zocheperapo. Mlengalenga wouma, makamaka nthawi yotentha, malekezero a masamba a butia amayamba kuuma. Kuti mupewe izi, masamba amafunikira kuthiridwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda. Sichikhala chopanda pake kugwiritsa ntchito chofutira m'chipindacho.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira butia kuyenera kukhala kochuluka, koma osati kwambiri, popeza mtengo wa kanjedza ukuopa kusokonekera kwamadzi mumphika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya. Koma ndikofunikira kupewa kuthana ndi nthaka yambiri. Mtengo wa kanjedza ukakhalitsa panthaka yayitali, ndiye kuti masamba ake adzauma ndipo sadzabwezeretsedwa.
Dothi
Dothi lodzala mitengo ya kanjedza liyenera kukhala lamadzi komanso kupumula, acidic pang'ono - pH 5-6. Gawo laling'ono limasakanizidwa kuchokera ku sod, sheet sheet ndi mchenga wopendekera poyerekeza 3: 3: 1. Gawo lokonzedwa lopangidwa ndi mitengo ya kanjedza, yomwe ingagulidwe m'masitolo a maluwa, ndiyofunikanso. Pansi pa mphikawo payenera kukhala pabwino.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembara, butia kanjedza amafunika umuna nthawi zonse. Pafupipafupi kudyetsa aliyense masabata awiri. Feteleza wophatikiza woyenera wa masamba azithunzi kapena mitengo ya kanjedza.
Thirani
Mtengo wa kanjedza sugwirizana bwino ndi kufalikira, chifukwa chake sikuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pazaka zinayi ndi njira yopatsirana, kuti tisasokoneze komanso kuvulaza mizu. Dothi lapamwamba liyenera kusinthidwa pachaka.
Kubwezeretsanso kanjedza
Kubalana kwa butia kumachitika mu njira yokhayo - kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu. Asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbewu zimasiyidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24. Kwazani mwamphamvu ndi nthaka sikofunikira, kungokhala wosanjikiza wofanana ndi 1.5 diameter. Chidebe cha mbewu chizikhala chotentha nthawi zonse - pafupifupi 26-28 madigiri. Ndikofunika kuti dothi lonyowa. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwonedwa pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3. Koma zimachitika kuti nthawi imeneyi yachedwa kukhala chaka chimodzi. Mbeu zobzalidwa mumiphika itatha miyezi 4-5.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pakati pa tizirombo ta butia, tambiri ndi nthata za akangaude, zopondera, ndi tizilombo tambiri.
