Kukula mwachangu kwa nkhumba, kusakhudzidwa kwawo kudyetsa komanso kugwira ntchito zimakonzeratu kutchuka kwa nyama pakati pa eni minda yaying'ono. Mutha kupanga nkhumba pamitu iwiri ndi manja anu m'masiku ochepa. Nkhumba zimatha kusungidwa mu nkhokwe mzaka wonse.
Asanayambe ntchito, mlimi wa nkhumba wa novice adzafunika:
- kuwerengera kolondola ndikuwerengera njira zonse zolumikizirana ndi magawo onse;
- chojambula chomwe chimaganizira zofunikira malo osungirako nyama;
- zoyenera nkhumba.
Koyambira pati pokonzekera kumanga thumba la nkhumba? Kuli kuti ndibwino kuyikako, komanso momwe mungadziwire zamtsogolo zake?
Zofunikira pakumanga pigsty
Kwa nkhumba, zomwe, mosiyana ndi mbuzi, ng'ombe ndi nkhosa sizidyetsedwa, nyumba yokhala ndi ndege ndiyofunikira. Nyama zimatha mpaka 75% ya nthawi yawo mu nkhumba. Kuyenda nyama kumakonzedwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, chifukwa chake mphamvu zake, kuphweka kwake komanso chitetezo ziyenera kuperekedwa chidwi chachikulu.
Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a phula zimatengera cholinga cha kuswana. Kwa ma piglets angapo onenepa, mwachitsanzo, malo ochepa amafunikira kuposa nkhumba ndi chiberekero, zomwe zimasanjidwa kwa ana.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo omanga mtsogolo kumachitika ndikuyembekeza kuti malowo:
- zinakhala zouma komanso zotentha;
- adatetezedwa ku mphepo zowomba;
- anali ndi malo aulere oyenera kulinganiza kuyenda.
Ngati pigsty yomangidwa payokha ndi mitu iwiri ithera kumtunda komwe kusefukira kwamadzi, kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula, izi zimawopseza ndi matenda apafupipafupi a nyama, kuchepetsedwa kukula, ndi kufa kwa nyama zazing'ono.
Chifukwa chake, malo omangapo a pigsty ayenera kukhala osalala komanso okwera. Ndikwabwino ngati kapangidwe kamabisidwa ndi mphepo ndikamabzala kapena chikhalidwe. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musadandaule zaumoyo wa ziweto nthawi yophukira-nthawi yozizira, ndikupulumutsanso kutentha kwa nkhumba.
Magawo a malo oikirako nyama mu nkhumba zodzipangira zokha
Makulidwe amakumbidwe amtsogolo zimadalira kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi nyama zomwe zimayikidwa mu nkhumba yodzipangira yokha.
Komanso, kuya kwa makinawa mu pigsty nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi 2.5-3.0 metres:
- opanga nkhumba amasungidwa okha pamakina okhala ndi malo a 8 lalikulu;
- chiberekero, kuyambira mwezi wachinayi wa bere, perekani zolembera za mita 6 mpaka 10;
- Ng ombe zonenepa, kutengera zaka, zimakhala ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu mu 1-6.
Nyama iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi malo oyambira pa 0.6 mpaka 2.0 metres.
Mukakonzekera muziganizira zoyenera kudyetsa ndikuchotsa manyowa kuchokera ku zigawo za pigsty ndi mulifupi wa 1.5-2.0 metres. Ndikwabwino ngati wakufesa ndi ana kutalikirana ndi khoma lozizira, komwe nkhumba zazing'ono zimakakamizidwa kuti zikumane.
Kutalika kwa denga lathyathyathya la nkhumba kuyenera kukhala osachepera 2.2 metres. Ngati matalala atseguka, malo okwera sangakhale opitilira 2.6 metres. Ndi denga lozunguliridwa, kutalika kwa denga la denga pafupi ndi khoma ndi 1.6-1.8 metres.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masanjidwe ophatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka khola, musanayambe kupanga nkhumba, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino nyama zomwe zizikhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, pakama podzipangira nokha mitu iwiri, nkhumba ndi nkhumba, malo osungirako enaake ali ndi chosungirako chosungira ana awiriwa. Dera la cholembera limatengera kuchuluka kwa nkhumba ndi zaka zawo.
Momwe mungapangire pigsty ndi manja anu?
Kuti muwone kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake komanso ntchito yayitali, maziko a monolithic amakhala pansi pa pigsty. M'mbuyomu, pilo yamchenga imapangidwa pansi pake. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala kotalikirana ndi chinyezi pogwiritsa ntchito zofolerera kapena zinthu zina.
Pansi pazipinda zomwe nkhumba zimasungidwa ndizabwino kwambiri. Malo okhala ndi concre samatenga fungo ndi ndowe, ndizosavuta kuyeretsa komanso cholimba kuposa nkhuni.
Pompopompo pakupanga pansi ndikudzaza, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo otsetsereka kuchokera pamakina a nyama kupita ku njira yowachotsa manyowa mu pigsty. Zikatero, madontho a nyama ndi mkodzo mwa mphamvu yokoka zimatulutsa makinawo, zimathandizira kuyeretsa kwawo, kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda opatsirana a nkhumba.
Kuphatikiza pamapangidwe opangira konkriti mu pigsty, masiku ano pafupipafupi kwambiri ndimatumba totsegulira pansi kapena pansi pamakonzedwa. Mtengowu sutha kupirira bwino chinyezi komanso kuwonongeka kwa manyowa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndi nkhumba zochepa, amayesera kuti asagwiritse ntchito izi osati pansi pokha mu pigsty, komanso kugawa pakati pamakina.
Makoma a nkhumba amayenera kupirira osati nyengo zokha, komanso chinyezi, komanso makoswe, nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kulowa mkati mwa malo owetera ziweto. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito njerwa kapena zing'onozing'ono zothandizira zida. Zomangamanga, ngakhale zili zomasuka, zokhazikika komanso zotsika mtengo, ngati nkhumba sizimakwaniritsa zoyembekezera. Zigawo zamkati mwa chimbudzi kunyumba, monga chithunzichi, zimapangidwa ndi njerwa, midadada kapena zitsulo zosangalatsa.
Pomanga pigsty ndi manja anu enieni pamitu iwiri kapena nyama zambiri, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuwonekera kwa mawindo. Kuunikira kwachilengedwe ndikofunikira kuti tikule ndi thanzi, zonse zazinyama zazing'ono komanso tizilomboto.
M'nyengo yozizira, kukakhala kuti palibe kutentha ndi kuwala kokwanira, perekani magetsi okumba, ndipo ma piglets amakonza magetsi oyendera zonal ndi nyali za infrared.
Kuti athetse mavutowa, pakupanga ndi kumangidwe, amagwira ntchito yolemba zamagetsi. Nyali ndizoyikika patali patali ndi nkhumba ndipo zimatetezedwa ndi alonda ochita kuwatchingira.
Nthawi yomweyo, mpweya wabwino wa nkhumba umakhazikika. Zimakonzedwa kuti mpweya wamkati, popanda zotsatira za kusodza, uzunguliridwa. Zatsopano ziyenera kuchokera kunja, ndi mpweya wampweya komanso fungo lochokera kwa odyetsa, zida zamakina ndi njira zochotsera manyowa mu pigsty - pitani kumalo.
Denga, mawindo ndi zitseko ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, makhoma amatulutsidwa kuchokera kunja. Kutsatira kwamadzi kumachitika mkati, makhoma amapakidwa ndi kupukutidwa.
Ntchito zonse zakunja zikamalizidwa, pitani ku zida za nkhumba. Mkati mwa makinawo, mumayikidwa timatumba totsatsira timadzi totsalira, timadyetsa timayikidwa kutali ndi njira zotayira, ndipo akumwa amayikiramo. Ma nsanja zoyenda ndizokonzedwa mosiyana, momwe muyenera kukhalira kuchokera ku chipinda chilichonse cha nkhumba.
