Uta

Biennial kapena osatha herbaceous chomera anyezi (Allium) ndi nthumwi ya subfamily Onion banja Amaryllis. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 400. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu ngati imeneyi imapezeka ku Northern Hemisphere, pomwe imakonda kumera m'nkhalango, mapiri ndi mitengo. Zaka 4,000 zapitazo ku China, Iran ndi Mediterranean adadziwa za kukhalapo kwa anyezi. Chomerachi chidalowa m'chigawo cha Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 12 kuchokera kumalire a Danube. "Onse" ochokera ku Celtic amatanthauzira kuti "kuyatsa", akukhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa cha izi Karl Linney adatcha chomera ichi anyezi "allium". Amakhulupiriranso kuti dzina lachi Latin likuchokera ku liwu loti "halare", lomwe limamasulira kuti "fungo". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi imalimidwa. Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi mitundu ya anyezi (Allium cepa), komanso mitundu yake yambiri. Komanso nthawi zambiri amalima anyezi, ma leeki, ma leeki, anyezi ndi zina. Amakulanso anyezi ngati mbewu zokongoletsera.Kukongoletsa maluwa, opanga mawonekedwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi: amakonda, Aflatunsky, Dutch, gigantic, Karatavsky, wozungulira wozungulira , Schubert, Christophe, ndi ena.

Zinthu za anyezi

Oimira onse amtundu wa anyezi ali ndi bulb wamkulu wa mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cha mtundu wofiirira, wofiirira kapena wotuwa. Ma pepala osunthika a duvate ali amizere kapena okhala ndi lamba. Kutalika kwa matalala kutalika kumafikira masentimita 100. Maambulera amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, osawoneka bwino okhala ndi ma tiketi ataliatali. Mwa mitundu ina, inflorescences m'mimba mwake kufika 0,4 m, amavala chivundikiro, chomwe chimatsala mpaka maluwa atayamba kutseguka. Mimba yopangira oviyayo imakhala ndi timimba tating'ono kapena tokhala m'modzi. Maonekedwe a mbewu ndi engular kapena ozungulira. Kubala kumawonedwa mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi anyezi.

Kubzala anyezi panthaka

Nthawi yobzala

Anyezi obzalidwa masika mchaka choyamba cha Meyi, pomwe dothi liyenera kutenthetsedwa bwino. Ngati yabzalidwe m'nthaka yomwe kutentha kwake ndi kosakwana madigiri 12, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zimawombera. Muyenera kudziwa mfundo yayikulu yobzala mbewuyi: mchaka choyamba chakumapeto, mbewu zimafesedwa, ndipo ikadzayamba nthawi yophukira, mababu ang'onoang'ono omwe amatchedwa kufesa akuyenera kukula kuchokera kwa iwo, kubzala komwe kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo anyezi wamkulu amakhala atakolola kale kumapeto. Komabe, ndizovuta kwambiri kubzala mpaka nthawi yophukira, chifukwa pamenepa izi ziyenera kupereka gawo lapadera la kutentha, komanso chinyezi chokwanira. Pankhaniyi, olima m'munda ena amabzala m'nthaka panthawi yozizira m'chaka chosasitsa.

Dothi labwino

Anyezi amatanthauza mbewu za Photophilous. Madera owuma, otseguka komanso owala bwino ndioyenera kubzala. Dothi liyenera kukhala lodzaza ndi organic, ndipo pH yake ikhale 6.4-7.9. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, ndiye kuti izi zitha kusintha pokhazikika.

Malo okumbako ayenera kukonzekereratu. M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kukumba mpaka ma 15 mpaka 20 sentimita, pomwe manyowa a peat kapena manyowa owola amayenera kuyilowetsedwa m'nthaka. Manyowa atsopano sayenera kubweretsedwa m'nthaka, chifukwa amadyera amayamba kukula mwachangu chifukwa chaiwo, zomwe zimakhudza kupsa kwa babu. Kuti tikonze nthaka yac acid, phulusa lamatabwa, miyala ya miyala, miyala ya dolomite kapena choko choyenera ziyenera kuwonjezedwamo. Chapakatikati, musanayambe kufesa, magalamu 10 a urea, magalamu 60 a superphosphate ndi 20 magalamu a potaziyamu mankhwala ena ayenera kuwonjezedwa kunthaka pa mita imodzi ya mita ya chiwembu. Feteleza zimamizidwa pansi ndikunyamula. Kenako mutha kuyamba kubzala mbewu.

Anyezi amakula bwino m'malo omwe kabichi, nandolo, phwetekere, mbatata, nyemba kapena manyowa obiriwira adalimo kale. Ndipo pamalo omwe kaloti, adyo, anyezi kapena nkhaka adakulirako kale, mbewuyi ikhoza kubzalidwa pokhapokha zaka 3-5.

Malamulo akumalo

Pali njira zitatu zokulira anyezi:

1. Kukula ngati mtengo wazaka ziwiri. Ndi njirayi, muyenera kumeretsa kaye chomera choyamba.
2. Kukula ngati mbewu yachaka.
3. Amakula ngati pachaka kuchokera ku mbewu, koma kudzera mbande.

Pansipa, njira izi zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Pazaka 1, mutha kukulitsa chikhalidwe ichi kuchokera ku mbeu zokha pokhapokha nthawi yayitali nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe mitundu yokhapokha yolimba ndi yotsekemera imakula pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi. Mbeu yoyesayo ifunika kukonzekereratu isanafesedwe, chifukwa imafunika kuti ikonzedwe kapena kuyikidwa mu chidego chonyowa kuti ikutupa kwa maola 24. Zitatha izi, njere zimafesedwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa, yomwe imayenera kuyamba kuthiridwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (supuni 1 yamadzi pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. zinthu). Muyenera kulitsa mbewuzo pansi ndi 15 mm, pomwe mukuzibzala mogwirizana ndi pulawo 13x1.5 cm. Bedi la m'munda liyenera kuthiriridwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito gawo logululira, kenako limakutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba. Potsera ayenera kuchotsedwa mbande yoyamba itawonekera. Mbande imafunikira kuwonda, pomwe mtunda wa 20-30 mm uyenera kuyang'anidwa pakati pa mbewu, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa kama ndi wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza mulch (humus). Ndikofunika kuyerekezeranso mbewu patatha masiku 20, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mbeu uzikulitsidwa mpaka 60-80 mm.

Kupyola mbande, anyezi wokoma ndi peninsular amakulira. Mbewuyo ikaikidwiratu kukonzekera kuyenera kubzala m'mabokosi, ndipo muchite izi masiku 50-60 musanatsanulidwe kwa mbewu panthaka. Mbewu zofesedwa kwambiri, zimayikidwa mu nthaka ndi 10 mm, pomwe mzerewo ukuyenera kukhala 40-50 mm. Mbewu zoterezi ndizosalemera, koma asanabzale dothi lotseguka, akatswiri amalangizidwa kufupikitsa 1/3 ya mizu yawo ndi mbale zamasamba.

Ngati nthawi ya chilimwe kudera lanu siyotentha komanso yochepa, ndiye kuti chaka chimodzi chokha simungathe kuchita bwino anyezi. Mu mbeera eno, olina okunyweza anyezi nga mmera emyaka ebiri. Kuti muchite izi, mchaka choyamba chikhala chofunikira kukulira mbewu zingapo, ndipo mchaka chachiwiri, anyezi atakula kale. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri pakukula mitundu yakuthwa. Kufesa mbewu panthaka yoyenera iyenera kukhala yofanana ndikamakula anyezi wa mbewu 1 nyengo (onani pamwambapa). Pofika nyengo yotsatira yophukira, m'masiku oyamba a Meyi, kubzala kumabzalidwa, ndikuwiyika munthaka ndi 40-50 mm, pomwe mababu muyenera kusiya mtunda wa 80 mpaka 100 mm, ndipo mzere kutalikirana uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Musaiwale kukonza malowo asanafike (onani pamwambapa). Asanayambe kubzala mbewu, iyenera kusanjidwa ndikuwunika. Kenako imayikidwa kwa masiku 7 padzuwa kuti izitha kutentha bwino, apo ayi uta utaombera. Asanabzale, njerezo zimayikidwa mu yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa (supuni 1 yamadzi pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi), pomwe imayenera kukhala kwa mphindi 10. Ngati mukukula kwa anyezi mukufuna kutulutsa zovala zazing'ono zophikira, ndiye mutabzala, mtunda pakati pa mababu uyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 50-70 mm, kenako pang'ono pang'ono umabweretsa 80-100 mm.

Kubzala anyezi nthawi yozizira

Chifukwa chofesa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, oats (sevka yabwino) ndiabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi kukana kwambiri kuwombera. Kotero kuti mu April mutha kudula anyezi wobiriwira watsopano koyambirira, chifukwa muyenera kubzala pang'ono pofesa nthawi yayitali. Ubwino wobzala anyezi nthawi yozizira:

• sikofunikira kusunga zodzala mpaka kasupe, koma izi ndi zabwino chifukwa ngati mbewuyo singasungidwe molondola, izimauma msanga;
• kasupe, ntchentche yowuluka imatha kuwoneka, komabe, anyezi wozizira ali ndi nthawi yolimba mokwanira kuti sangamupweteke;
• mu Julayi zizayamba kale kukolola;
• m'munda momwe anyezi udakula, munthawi yomweyo mutha kubzala china.

Pofesa nthawi yozizira, monga lamulo, mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo: Arzamassky, Danilovsky, Strigunovsky, Stuttgart. Malo omwe amafesa ayenera kusankhidwa mwanjira yomweyo monga kufesa anyezi mchaka. Komabe, pali zosiyana zina, muyenera kusankha tsamba lomwe chivundikiro cha chisanu chimayambika kwambiri masika, ndikusungunuka madzi sayenera kuzimiririka. Kufesa kubzalidwa m'dzinja pa Okutobala 5 mpaka 20, pansi pa madzi oundana kwambiri, koma sikuyenera kumangiriza, popeza dothi silikhala ndi nthawi yozizirira. Musanadzale kufesa, iyenera kusankhidwa, kusungidwa ndikusungitsidwa padzuwa. Bzalani m'nkhokwe, zomwe zakuya kwake kukuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50 mm, pomwe mababu akuyenera kusungidwa patali 60-70 mm, kutalikirana kwa mzere kuyenera kukhala mainchesi 15. Matalala oyamba akabwera, bedi kuchokera pamwambapa lifunika kuponyedwa ndi udzu kapena nthambi za spruce, pogona limachotsedwa mu kasupe, pomwe chivundikiro cha chisanu chikuyamba kusungunuka. Osaphimba malowo ndi anyezi nthawi yam'mawa kwambiri, chifukwa izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mababu azitha.

Kusamalira anyezi

Anyezi omwe amakula panthaka ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi munthawi yake. Bedi likagiriridwa, nthaka yake iyenera kumasulidwa, ndipo maudzu onse omwe amatha kupendekera zovala zachinyamata ayenera kuchotsedwa. Komanso, chikhalidwechi chimayenera kudyetsedwa nthawi, komanso ngati chikufunika kuthandizidwa ndi tizilombo kapena matenda oyipa, pogwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kapena fungicidal.

Momwe mungamwere

Moyenera, anyezi amayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pakatha masiku 7, ndi malita 5-10 amadzi otengedwa pa mita imodzi ya mraba ya mundawo. Komabe, ndibwino kuyang'ana nyengo, yomwe imasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli chilala, ndiye kuti anyezi amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi (pafupifupi tsiku lililonse), ndipo ngati mvula ivumba, ndiye kuti muyenera kudikirira kuthirira, apo ayi anyezi amatha kuola chifukwa chosayenda madzi pansi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati anyezi akufunika kuthirira mwachangu, ndiye kuti nthenga zake zimapaka kuyera kwamtambo yoyera, ndipo madzi akakhazikika pansi, gawo lobiriwira limatha. Ndikofunikira kuyamba kuthilira pang'onopang'ono mu Julayi, popeza panthawiyi kucha kwa anyezi kumayamba. Komabe, ngati kuli chilala chadzaoneni, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa chimodzimodzi ngati kale.

Feteleza

Zakhala zanenedwa kale pamwambapa kuti m'dzinja mukakumba malo, zinthu za organic ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi, ndipo kasupe, asanabzale, mapangidwe azinthu zochulukirapo za feteleza amadzalowetsamo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati masamba ophukira achepa, mbewu ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wachilengedwe (1 tbsp ya urea, zitosi za mbalame kapena mullein amatengedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi), 3 l ya zosakaniza michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita imodzi ya kama. Pambuyo pakupita kanthawi kochepa, ngati kuli kotheka, muzivekanso ndi osakaniza omwewo. Ndipo kukula kwa anyezi nkufanana ndi mtedza, anyezi adzafunikiranso kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza yemweyo.

Kukonza

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa sakudziwa momwe angachitire njira yochizira anyezi matenda. Nthenga zake zikakhala zofanana ndi masentimita 15, chomeracho chimathiridwa mafuta ndi msuzi wa mkuwa (supuni 1 yamadzi pachidebe chimodzi chamadzi), izi ziteteza chikhalidwe ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ngati mukufuna, onjezani 1 tbsp. Pa yankho. l sopo pa grater, momwemo udzakhazikika pa masamba.

Matenda anyezi ndi tizirombo ndi zithunzi

Matenda a anyezi

Musanayambe kukulira anyezi, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zingapweteke, ndipo ndi iti mwa tizirombo yomwe imayambitsa chiopsezo kwambiri. Chikhalidwe ichi chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda monga khomo lachiberekero, imvi ndi zoyera, jaundice, fusarium, downy mildew (peronosporosis), smut, dzimbiri, mosaic komanso tracheomycosis.

Zola zowola

White zowola - kukula kwake kumawonedwa ndikadzala panthaka yac acid. Chifukwa chake, ngati nthaka pamalopo ndi acidic, iyenera kukhala yochepa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeu zomwe zimamera m'nthaka zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Zomera zokhala ndi vuto ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa, ndipo pofuna kupewa, musanabzale, ndikofunikira kufusitsa mababu ndi choko.

Gray zowola

Gray zowola ndi matenda fungal, ake kufalikira ndi chitukuko chimawonedwa nyengo yonyowa komanso yamvula. Zomera zodwala ziyenera kuchotsedwa pansi ndikuwotchedwa. Pazolinga zopewera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira malamulo aulimi azikhalidwe zamtunduwu, ndipo kasupe mbewu zimaperekedwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.

Anyezi Jaundice

Anyezi jaundice ndi kachilombo matenda. Kusintha kwa maluwa kumawonedwa pachomera chovuta, ndipo mawanga a chlorotic amawoneka masamba ake. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa chake, tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa liyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwotcha, pomwe maudzu onse amayenera kuchotsedwa mumabedi ndi mabedi nthawi yake atangowonekera. Ndipo muyenera kutsatira malamulo asinthasintha wa mbeu.

Peronosporosis

Peronosporosis (downy mildew) - malo owala a mawonekedwe amtundu wowoneka bwino pamitengo ndi masamba a kachilombo kamene kamayamwa, imakutira imvi. Popita nthawi, mawanga amakhala akuda. Mababu omwe ali ndi matenda ophukira amasungidwa kwambiri, ndipo mbewuzo sizinawoneke tchire zokha. Mbewuyo ikakololedwa, anyezi amatenthetsedwa kutentha kwa madigiri 40 kwa maola 10 kuti awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanasunge anyezi kuti asungidwe. Komanso, pofuna kupewa, musalole kuti makulidwe akamafika.

Fusarium

Fusarium - m'minda yodwala, nsonga za nthenga zimasanduka chikasu, chifukwa mababu m'chigawo cha donut, kuwola ndi kufa kwa minofu kumawonedwa. Matendawa amagwira ntchito makamaka nyengo ikakhala yotentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Komanso, matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti ntchentche ya anyezi idakhazikika pazomera. Kuti mupewe, musanayambe kubzala, mbewu imayenera kuwotha.

Sumu

Smut - matalala otumphuka amtundu wakuda mumtundu wokhala ndi kachilombo, matendawa akamakula, amasweka, ndipo zotuluka zotuluka zimatuluka. Komanso nsonga za masamba owuma muzomera. Pazolinga zopewera, musanayike mbewu kuti isungidwe, iyenera kuwotha ndi kutentha kwa maola 18 pa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 45. Muyeneranso kuyeretsa malo a udzu mu nthawi yake ndipo osabzala mitundu ya anyezi pamabedi amodzi.

Dzimbiri

Dzimbiri - matuza ofiira ofiira amawonekera pazomera za anyezi omwe akhudzidwa, momwe spores ya bowa ili. Pazolinga zopewera, musanakolole zokolola, zimatenthedwa kwa maola 10 pamtunda wa madigiri 40. Komanso kukula kwa kubzala sikuyenera kuloledwa, ndikofunikanso kukumba ndi kuwononga zitsanzo zomwe zakhudzidwa pa nthawi yake.

Tracheomycosis

Tracheomycosis - matendawa ndi zotsatira za fusariosis. Choyamba, mbali yakumapeto kwa babuyo, kenako imayimba pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa, mizu imafera mu mtengowo, ndipo masamba amasanduka achikaso. Zomera zonse zodwala ziyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Popewa, tsatirani kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi ntchito zaulimi.

Khosi zowola

Cervical zowola - mu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbewu zakunja zosanjikiza zakuda zimayamba kuwoneka ndi makulidwe amtundu wamaso, ndi kukula kwa matendawa kumakhala matanga akuda.Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera atakolola, ndipo patatha pafupifupi milungu 8, zizindikiro zina zimawonekera. Otsika kwambiri kukana khosi zowola kumapeto mitundu ya anyezi. Monga lamulo, kufalikira kwa mbeu kumachitika mukakulitsidwa mu nyengo zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo azachikhalidwe, ndikofunikanso kutenthetsa mbewu musanabzale, komanso anyezi musanaziike kuti zisungidwe, pomwe matenthedwe ayenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 45.

Mose

Mose - m'matenda odwaladwala, masamba ake amakhala ofanana ndi masamba owoneka ndi matalala, pamtunda pomwe pali timizere topaka, kutalika kwa inflorescence komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumawonedwa, komanso masamba anyezi pakukula. Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, motero, njira zonse zofunikira zodzitetezera ziyenera kumwedwa kuti mbewuyo isatenge kachilomboka.

Matenda onse a fungal amathandizidwa mosavuta ndi mankhwala a fungicidal. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mu mababu mutha kudziunjikira zinthu zopindulitsa ndi chiphe kuchokera ku mankhwala.

Tizilombo ta anyezi

Choopsa chachikulu kwa anyezi ndiwosaka anyezi crypto-njenjete ndi ntchentche, ntchentche zophukira, chimbalangondo, kabichi, dimba ndi scoops yozizira ndi kuponya fodya.

Kuti awononge mbozi, anyezi ayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Gomelin (0.5%) kapena Bitoxibacillin (1%). Pakuwonongeka kwa kupukusa kwa fodya gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la Actellik kapena Karbofos (0.15%). Ndikotheka kuchotsa mlenje wobisalira mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kuti awononge mphutsi za anyezi mu yophukira, kukumba mozama kwa tsambalo kuyenera kuchitika. Amadziwika kuti kuuluka kwa anyezi sikumalola kununkhira kwa kaloti; motere, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana mizere ya anyezi ndi mizere ya kaloti mukabzala. Kuti tichotse nthenga za anyezi, udzu uzichitika pafupipafupi, ndipo mukakolola, zinyalala zonse za mbewu zimayenera kuchotsedwa pamalowo, ndikutsatira malamulo oyendetsera mbewu ndi ulimi wa mbewu.

Kuti muchotse chimbalangondo wamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyambo. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupanga maenje angapo a 0.5 m ndikuyandikira pamalowo, manyowa a mahatchi ayenera kuyikidwamo. Musaiwale kuphimba dzenjelo ndi zishango zamatabwa. Zimbalangondo zikagwera mumunyowa kuti ziwotha, ziyenera kuwotchedwa nawo.

Kututa ndi kusunga anyezi

Anyezi amakololedwa tsamba latsamba latsopanolo litasiya kukula ndipo nthenga zimatuluka, ndipo mababu ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, voliyumu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Monga lamulo, nthawi ino imatha kuchokera hafu yachiwiri ya Ogasiti mpaka khumi oyamba a Seputembara. Pokolola, muyenera kusankha tsiku louma komanso lotentha. Osazengereza zokolola, chifukwa mababu angayambenso kukulanso, ndipo sangathenso kusungidwa.

Mababu omwe amachotsedwa panthaka amayenera kugawidwa pamwamba pa mabedi kuti aume, ndiye kuti nthaka youma ichotsedwe kwa iwo. Asanayike mbewu kuti isungidwe, imayuma, idayikidwa padzuwa kapena m'chipinda chowuma komanso chopumira. Olima ena amagwiritsa ntchito uvuni kuti aume mababu. Choyamba, amaziumitsa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 25 mpaka 35, kenako madigiri 42-45 kwa maola 10. Pambuyo pa izi, mababu ayenera kupendedwa mosamala, ndipo omwe awola kapena akhudzidwa ndi matendawa ayenera kutayidwa. Komanso, simungathe kusunga anyezi popanda ma gagisi, komanso ngakhale kuwonongeka. Zomera zikauma, babu iliyonse imayenera kuchotsedwa ndi lumo lakuthwa, ndipo kutalika kwa khosi kufikira 40-60 mm. Anyezi wachikasu wosavuta amasungidwa bwino, chifukwa amakhala ndi chipolopolo ndipo amakhala wonyozeka. Mababu omwe amadzala nthangala amasungidwa moyipa kuposa omwe amapezeka kuchokera kumbewu. Ndipo muyenera kuganiziranso kuti mitundu yotsekemera ndi yokoma imakhala ndi mankhusu owonda kwambiri, motero imatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo imasungidwa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yowawa.

Mutha kusungitsa masamba awa pang'onopang'ono, kutentha komwe kumayenera kukhala madigiri 0 (mutha kutentha pang'ono), koma sangathe kusungidwa pafupi ndi beets, mbatata, kaloti ndi mbewu zina zamasamba zomwe zimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Mababu atha kukupindidwa m'matumba amachira, mabasiketi, mabokosi, maukonde kapena masitayilo opanda malire. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mababu samawola, mpweya wouma uyenera kubwera kwa iwo, chifukwa chake simungathe kuwayika pachiyeso chilichonse. Mababu omwe amasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena cellar yowuma amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, zomwe zingathandizire kuzindikira kwakanema kwa zophuka kapena zowola. Kuti mbewu zachikhalidwe chino zisungidwe kwotalikirapo kuposa masiku onse, muyenera kuwotcha mizu ya mababu.

Mnyumba, anyezi amathanso kusungidwa posankha malo ozizira (kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 madigiri), omwe amakhala kutali ndi zida zamagetsi, pomwe mabatani amayenera kupotozedwa kuchokera ku babu. Koma kuti muchite izi, mukakolola, simufunikira kudula masamba kuchokera kumabu.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya anyezi yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Anyezi

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi anyezi. Amadziwika ndi anthu zaka zoposa 6,000 zapitazo, zonena za masamba awa zimapezeka papyri wakale waku Egypt. Kutalika kwa chonchi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 100. The bulb of the spherical flattenate mawonekedwe kutalika kukufika masentimita 15, mtundu wa masikelo ake akunja ukhoza kukhala woyera, wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Timapepala tubular tapakidwa utoto ndi utoto. Amaluwa okongola owoneka ngati ma ambulera okhala ndi maluwa okongola obiriwira okhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi timizere tambiri. Muvi wokutira wopindika ukhoza kufikira masentimita 150, kapangidwe kake ka chipatsocho ndi koyambira. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imagawidwa ndi mitundu kukhala:

• owawa ndi zonunkhira - ali ndi 9-12% shuga;
• semisweet - ali ndi shuga kuyambira 8 mpaka 9%;
• lokoma - ali ndi shuga 4-8%.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mumitundu yovuta ya anyezi pali shuga wambiri kuposa mitundu yabwino, koma ali ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, chifukwa chake amamva kukoma kowawa kwambiri. Pofuna kuphika chakudya choyamba kapena chachiwiri, tengani mitundu yowawa, yazonunkhira kapena yowawa, ndipo mitundu yokoma imapita kukakonza mchere ndi masaladi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

1. Alice Craig. Mababu amakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndipo amasungidwa bwino, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Makala akumwamba ndi oyera.
2. Chiwonetsero chazithunzi. Anyezi wamkulu amakhala ndi miyeso yopepuka yachikaso, ali ndi kununkhira kofatsa. Zimasungidwa bwino kwanthawi yayitali, komanso ndizoyenera kukonza mbale zosiyanasiyana.
3. Sturon. Anyezi wonyezimira amakhala ndi kukula wamba, ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi mamba achikasu achikaso. Amasungidwa bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale zotentha.
4. Stuttgart. Mababu okoma akulu amakhala ndi utoto wachikasu, amasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Oyenera kuphika maphunziro achiwiri komanso oyambira.
5. Long Red Florence. Anyezi wofewa wofewa amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, ali ofanana ndi shallows. Amadyedwa mwatsopano, ndipo msuzi amakonzedwanso kwa iwo. Zosiyanasiyana sizoyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
6. Red Baron. Anyezi wamkulu wofiyira amakhala ndi kukoma kowawa, amasungidwa bwino kwanthawi yayitali.

Mwa mitundu ya saladi, anyezi ofiira a Redmeat ndi Furio ndi otchuka kwambiri, komanso Gardsman, womwe umakhala ndiutoto wautoto, ndi mitundu yoyera ya Lisbon yopanga malo obiriwira, omwe amadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri. Komanso Prince of Wales zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizosatha. chofanana ndi anyezi-batun, chimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo masamba ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chives.

Leek kapena anyezi wa peyala wochokera ku Mediterranean

Za uta uwu, anthu adazindikira kalekale m'masiku a Roma wakale, Greece ndi Egypt. Zamoyo zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi masamba apansi, pamtunda pomwe pali sera wokutira. Mbale izi zimakulungidwa mkati mwa mtsempha wapakati, zomwe zimafanana ndi adyo, koma ndizazikulu. Chomera ndichofunika kwambiri panthaka komanso kukonza.

Malovu

Mtundu wovutawu umalimidwa ku Middle East ndi Central Asia. Mababu amatha kujambulidwa zoyera, zachikaso kapena zofiirira. Anyezi uyu amasungidwa bwino ndipo ali ndi zisa zambiri. Ndizotchuka kwambiri pakati pa zophika za ku France chifukwa zimakhala ndi kukoma pang'ono pang'ono kwa anyezi, ndipo msuzi woyenga bwino kwambiri umapezeka kuchokera pamenepo. Mitundu yotchuka:

1. Picasso. Mnofu wa anyezi ndi wapinki ndipo umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
2. Mwezi wachikasu. Mitundu yoyambirira kucha siyigwirizana ndi kuwombera ndipo imasungidwa bwino.
3. Gourmet Golide. Anyezi wamkulu amakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimasungidwa bwino.

Ma chive, kapena ofulumira, kapena ma chives

Anyezi amalimidwa ku dera lonse la Europe. Chomera chaching'ono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano pokonza masaladi, ndipo mphukira zokhwima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuphika. Masamba onunkhira ndi ofanana ndi masamba a anyezi, koma ndi ochepa. Mtunduwu suthana ndi chisanu, tizirombo ndi matenda.

Zakudya zonse za anyezi

Mtunduwu umalimidwa ku China, komwe zakudya zingapo zaku Asia zimakonzedwerako, ndipo zimayenda bwino ndi nsomba ndi msuzi wa soya. Masamba ake osalala ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la adyo. Maluwa amawonedwa kwa zaka 2-3, ma inflorescence owoneka bwino ali ndi kukula kwa 50 mpaka 70 mm, komanso fungo labwino kwambiri.

Bow Bow

Mtunduwu umakulidwanso ku China. Ma saladi, mbale zam'mbali ndi zokometsera zakonzedwa kuchokera ku anyezi uyu. Anyezi wosanunkhira ndi wokoma ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama yamafuta. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi enawo chifukwa mumakhala mavitamini ambiri komanso mavitamini.

Anyezi

Pali mitundu itatu: anyezi waku Japan, Chinese ndi Korea. Ndizotchuka mu zakudya za ku Asia, komwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika mbale mu poto wok, ndipo zimawonjezedwanso ku marinade kapena saladi ndi nsomba kapena nsomba zam'nyanja. Anyezi otere a ku Japan ndi ku Korea ali ndi kukoma kosavuta.

Okalamba anyezi

Imapezeka kuthengo ku Southeast Asia. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika mbale zaku Korea, komanso mwatsopano ku saladi, sopo ndi kimchi.

Anyezi kapena anyezi wowonda

Chomera chamuyaya ichi chimapezeka zachilengedwe ku Europe ku Russia ndi Siberia. Ali ndi msuzi wama viscous ofanana ndi ntchofu, ndichifukwa chake dzina lake limalumikizidwa. Anyezi oterewa amakoma kwambiri ndipo amalimbana ndi chisanu ndi matenda. Ma Plat amphaka am'maso amiyala yamitundu ing'ono amatha pang'ono. Mababu sapangidwa mumtunduwu. Izi zimatengedwa ngati zamagulu azakudya, ndipo zimadyedwa mwatsopano, ndipo chakudya chamzitini chimapangidwanso.

Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa izi, Regel, Suvorov anyezi amakulanso, otumphuka, chimphona kapena chamtundu wakuda, buluu, chimbalangondo, oblique, Aflatun, Christophe kapena Star of Persia, wokonda kapena wamtchi, wachikasu, Karatavsky, wozungulira kapena wa Drumstick, Maclean, Moth kapena golide, Sicilian kapena Adyo wa uchi, etc.