Zomera za Herbaceous monga mpaka (Tillandsia) ndichosangalatsa komanso chodziwika bwino mu maluwa azinyama. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la bromeliad. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 500 ya mbewu. Kuthengo, zimatha kukumana ndi madera otentha komanso madera otentha a South ndi Central America. Zomera zotere zimakonda kumera m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'nkhalango zonyowa, komanso m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, momwe mumakhala mvula yokwanira.
Tillandsia adadziwika kwambiri ndi onse wamaluwa wamaluwa komanso akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mumtunduwu mumakhala mbewu zamitundu mitundu komanso zowoneka bwino, komanso Madontho. Chifukwa chake, pali mbewu zofanana ndi mpira wa chingwe, ndevu zasiliva, gulu la nthenga, komanso zopindika za chimanga.
Amakula mpakaandsia, ngati epiphytes. Kuwayiyika, dothi lamtunda kapena dothi lotayirira kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi mbewa ndi makungwa a mitengo, ndiloyenera. Mizu yomwe ili pamtunduwu wa mbewu imakhala ndi gawo lokonza, kotero kuti limalumikizidwa ndi khungwa la mtengo kapena Driftwood. Chinyontho chofunikira pakukula kwabwinobwino ndi chitukuko, komanso michere yonse yomwe amalandira kuchokera kumlengalenga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti chomera chikhale ndi chinyezi chambiri.
Tillandsia ndizosatheka kufotokoza, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyanasiyana.
Komabe, mbewu zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri:
Tillandsia imvi kapena thambo
Zomera izi zilibe pafupifupi mizu, ndipo masamba awo olimba amaphimbidwa ndi mamba, chifukwa masamba amapeza utoto waimvi. Mwachilengedwe, amakonda kubzala pamitengo yomwe ili kumtunda kwa nkhalangoyi.
Tillandsia wobiriwira kapena wowika
Amawoneka ngati mbewu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimamera m'nyumba. Masamba awo amatengedwa mu socket, ndipo amatha kukhala okwera-atatu kapena atatu. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amakonda kumera m'nkhalango yotsika pansi kapena pamitengo yakugwa. Kumera m'malo otetezeka. Ndipo zomerazi ndizodziwika chifukwa cha zachilendo zooneka ngati kangaude.
Mwa zina zotchuka kwambiri mpakaandsia, zomwe zimakulitsidwa m'nyumba, inflorescence ndiwowoneka mizere iwiri. Siyanitsani zovuta, komanso ma inflorescence osavuta, okhala ndi spike zingapo kapena imodzi, yomwe ndi yotayirira kapena yowala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, magawo amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a matailara kapena ozungulira. Grey mpakaandsia ali ndi inflorescence yochepetsedwa ndipo maluwa amodzi okha amawoneka bwino.
Tillandsia chisamaliro chakunyumba
Kuti mumvetsetse mtundu wa izi kapena thatandandia, ndikofunikira kulabadira momwe zimagulitsidwira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yapadziko lapansi imagulitsidwa mumiphika, pomwe masamba amangokhala ophimbidwa ndi mamba kapena ngakhale wobiriwira. Kuthengo, mbewu zotere zimakonda kumera pa zinyalala za m'nkhalango zotentha, komanso zinyalala za organic. Nthawi zambiri zimamera m'miphika yodzaza ndi gawo lapadera lokhala ndi mawonekedwe otayirira. Ambiri amalima maluwa amawakulitsa m'maluwa kapena m'mabotolo. Atmospheric mpakaandsia ndi masamba otuwa safuna malo okukula. Ndipo mutha kugula mbewu zoterezi mwa mawonekedwe azokongoletsera zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi chidutswa cha khungwa, gawo la mtengo kapena mtengo.
Mitundu yotentha
Amakonda mwachikondi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, imakhala yabwino kwambiri kutentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira - kutentha kwa madigiri 18 mpaka 21 kukufunika. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imamera mwachilengedwe madigiri 12-14. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti kutentha kwa masana kukhale kocheperako kuposa nthawi yausiku. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, kutentha kwa usiku kuyenera kukhala madigiri 15-16. Yesani kuteteza mbewu kuti isasinthe mwadzidzidzi kutentha, komanso kusala kozizira.
Gray mpakaandsia sikuti ndi thermophilic. M'nyengo yozizira, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisungidwa pamtunda wa 14 mpaka 18 degrees. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuganizira pakati pa Okutobala ndi masiku omaliza a Januware, chifukwa panthawiyi pali kuwunikira kwakukulu pakuwala.
Kupepuka
Grey tillandsia, wokhala ndi masamba otuwa bwino, amafunikira dzuwa. Komabe, amafunikira kuwala kwamadzulo kapena dzuwa lam'mawa. Pankhaniyi, amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziyikidwa pazenera la zenera lomwe lili kumpoto chakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwa chipindacho. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kapena masamba obiriwira amakonda kuchuluka m'malo otetezeka pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, amafunikira malo owala bwino pomwe dzuwa siligwa. Amakonda kuwala kosasunthika.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'malo a mvula mumakhala dzuwa lowala ndipo mbewu zomwe zimakhala pamalo otsika kwambiri zimalandira kuwala kwakukulu. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, chomeracho chimalimbikitsidwa kusamukira kumalo owunikiridwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, izi, pawindo lakumadzulo kapena kumwera chakum'mawa ndi koyenera.
Chinyezi
Kuti tillandsia ikule komanso kukula bwino, pamafunika chinyezi chambiri (kuchokera 65 mpaka 85 peresenti, koma osachepera 60 peresenti). Pakupopera mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda okha ndi madzi ofewa. Popeza chomera ichi chimatenga chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga, chinyontho chowonjezera chikuyenera kuperekedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya ukauma kwambiri m'chipindacho chifukwa cha kutentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika Tillandsia mu florarium yapadera, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kupereka chinyezi chofunikira.
Momwe mungamwere
Mitundu yamtundu uliwonse wa mbewu yotereyi imayenera kuthiriridwa ndikuthilira mbewuzo m'madzi ofunda kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yotentha, njirayi imachitika nthawi 1 patsiku, ndipo nthawi yophukira ndi kuphukira pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zochuluka bwanji mpakaandsia amayenera kuthiriridwa kumatengera kutentha kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, ngati chipindacho ndichotentha komanso chowunikira chabwino, ndiye kuti kuthirira kumachitika nthawi 1 patsiku, ndipo chipinda chozizira chimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri.
Ndikukhomera masamba m'mphepete mwa mtsempha ndikuwonetsa kuti mbewuyo imasowa chinyontho ndipo imayenera kumizidwa m'madzi kwa maola osachepera atatu kapena anayi (madzi ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri).
Musamale kuti musasunthire madzi pakatikati pa malo othirira nthawi yayitali. Iyenera kutuluka kwathunthu pambuyo maola awiri kapena kutayikira.
Ndikofunikira kuthira madzi ofewa, pang'ono acid (pH pafupifupi 6.5), momwe mulibe chlorine. Chifukwa chake, madzi owiritsa, mvula kapena kusungunuka ndi koyenera izi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Izi ndi mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizifunira feteleza wambiri. Mitundu ya Rosette pakukula kwambiri imadyetsedwa 1 m'masabata anayi, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza amadzimadzi a bromilea pamenepa. Zamoyo zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimamera pakhungwa kwenikweni sizikhala ndi manyowa, popeza khunguli lomwe limayamba kuwola pang'onopang'ono limawapatsa zakudya.
Simungagwiritse ntchito feteleza wamba povala pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumatha kuwononga mpakaandsia. Komanso simungagwiritsenso ntchito organics, mwachitsanzo: humus, urea kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mullein (ngakhale pamankhwala ochepa).
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika motere - mumadzimadzi a kuthirira kudzera pakumizidwa kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, njira yothira feteleza imatha.
Ambiri a tillandsia amatha kuyeretsa mpweya wazinthu zovulaza, zomwe, zikafinyika, kuwola, zimapatsa mbewuzo ndi zinthu zofunika kuwafufuza.
Momwe mungasinthire
Chomera chongopeza kumene chiziwokeranso. Komabe, ngati ali kale ndi peduncle, ndiye kuti izi siziyenera kuchitika, popeza kumapeto kwa maluwa, chomera cha mayi chimafa, ndikupereka mwana.
Mu sitolo, mmera ungabzalidwe mu gawo lapansi, kapena m'malo mwake mumphika wodzaza ndi peat. Komanso itha kugulitsidwa ikukhazikika pamwamba pa kotekisi yopanda gawo.
Kuthengo, mitundu yobiriwira imakonda kukula osati pamtunda, koma pamiyala yamiyala, zikwanje kapena mitengo ikuluikulu. Chifukwa chake, pakukula, gwiritsani ntchito makungwa akuluakulu (masentimita 1-2) kapena osakaniza wopangidwa ndi acadama (granrate wa dongo wogwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula bonsai) ndi khungwa. Ceramis granrate angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Zinyalala za mumtsinje ndi ulusi wa kokonati zimathanso kuwonjezeredwa. M'nthaka yosavuta, chomera chimayenda. Mphika umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'miyeso yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo mizu yoyendetsayo imatha kudulidwa.
Mitundu ya Atmospheric imalumikizidwa ndi matabwa osapangidwira, amamva, mabatani kapena ulusi wa kokonati. Nthawi zambiri amayikidwa m'miphika kapena mbale zosaphika, madzi omwe samakhazikika kapena kukoka mwachangu. Madzi a mpaka ndandsia akakhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kuvunda. Mukathirira kudzera mum'madzi mu madzi, ndizosatheka kuchotsa chomera pamtunda, chifukwa chitha kuwonongeka. Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti azimanga chomera pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yofewa, kupita ku malo yaying'ono (khungwa), lomwe limatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Ndipo nkupachika pa snag.
Njira zolerera
Itha kufalikira ndi ma sokosi a ana kapena mbewu. Mawonekedwe a ana amapezeka kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa. Chifukwa chake, pa chomera 1 cha mayi, zidutswa zitatu mpaka zitatu za mwana wamkazi zimatha kukula. Ngati sizipatukana, mbewuzo zimakula m'lifupi ndikupanga nsalu yotchinga bwino. Pofuna kupatukana, ana omwe mainchesi ake ndi mainchesi 6-8 ndi oyenera.
Ponena za tillandsia, tikuwona kuti mphukira zake zimatha kudulidwa kukula kulikonse ndikumangirizidwa ku china chake.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu ya tillandsii
Imvi imakonda kwambiri imvi
Tillandsia Gardener (Tillandsia gardneri)
Chomera chili ndi malo ambiri otulutsa. Masamba ake owongoka, amathandiza chomera kuti chinyezi, kusungitsa mame komanso kufoletsa nkhungu, zimakoka malovu pansi pa tsinde. Pamakhala chinyezi.
Tillandsia siliva (Tillandsia argentea)
Chomera cha epiphytic chimakhala ndi masamba opendekera omwe amakhala ofanana pafupi ndi maziko. Masamba amenewa amapindika ndipo amangochokapo.
Tillandsia calyx (Tillandsia juncea)
Chomera ichi ndi epiphyte. Ali ndi zoopsa zopangidwa ndi masamba abango zopangira khola louma. Masamba amatha kutalika masentimita 25 mpaka 50. Nthawi yamaluwa ikayamba, mbewuyo imawoneka yayitali komanso yokongola kwambiri, yopaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo maluwa ake ofiirira ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Tillandsia usneoides (Tillandsia usneoides)
Ili ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri, womwe umatchedwanso "ndevu zachikale" kapena "Spanish moss." Nthawi zina, chomeracho chimakonda malo owala bwino kapena mthunzi wocheperako. Imakhala ndi mphukira zoonda kwambiri, kutalika kwake kungakhale mamita angapo. Timapepala tosanjidwa m'lifupi timafikira masentimita 0,1 okha, ndipo m'litali - masentimita 5. Amapangidwa m'mizere iwiri. Pamaso pa masamba ndi mphukira pamakhala mamba ambiri, chifukwa chomwe amapeza utoto wofiirira. Dongosolo la mizu likusowa. Tillandsia atapachika pamtengo pamtengo wowoneka bwino wamitengo yayitali. Kunyumba, iwo amakula pa chithandizo chilichonse, pokhapokha mbewu ikamera. M'chilimwe, maluwa obiriwira achikasu amatulutsa maluwa, koma sizimayimira kukongoletsa.
Tillandsia violet (Tillandsia ionantha)
Epiphyte iyi imatha kulumikizana ndi chilichonse, ndikukula m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mapepala osindikizidwa, opangidwa ndi siliva amatengedwa bwino, tating'ono tating'ono. Masamba m'chilimwe amakhala ofiira. Sakhala ndi inflorescence yayikulu kwambiri yooneka ngati chipika, yopakidwa utoto wamtambo wa buluu.
Tillandsia "Mutu wa nkhono yam'madzi" (Tillandsia caput-medusae)
Ichi ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri womwe nthawi zambiri umalima kunyumba. Amadziwika ndi mphamvu zake. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira, ofanana ndi babu wokhala ndi masamba oyambira bwino masamba. Amapinda m'mphepete mwa phirilo. Nthawi zambiri, tsamba lokongoletsera limapachikidwa pansi. Ma inflorescence okhala ndi chala kapena chamizere ndimtambo wofiirira. Kutalika, maluwa ofiirira amafika mamilimita 32.
Wobiriwira kwambiri wamba mpakaandsia
Tillandsia Duyer (Tillandsia dyayeza)
Chomera chokongola kwambiri ndi epiphyte, chomwe chili ndi ma inflorescence ochititsa chidwi. Mabulogu ndi ofiira. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha. Mtundu wama inflorescence, wowoneka ngati kanyumba komanso wolumikizidwa ndi petiole wautali, umakula kuchokera pakati penipeni.
Tillandsia buluu (Tillandsia cyanea)
Chomerachi chitha kugulidwa pafupifupi m'malo ogulitsa maluwa onse. Masamba opindika, opindika amaphatikizidwa mu socket, ndipo kutalika amafika masentimita 30. Pansi pake amapentedwa bulauni. Pamwamba pa pepalali pali timapepala tating'ono tambiri tambiri tomwe timakhala tomwe timakwanira. Maluwa amawonedwa mchilimwe. Mowoneka ngati mkombero wowoneka bwino. Broker amajambulidwa mu lilac kapena pinki, ndipo maluwa yaying'ono akutulutsa m'mphepete mwake, ali ndi utoto wabuluu kapena wapinki. Kutulutsa maluwa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo kumayambira pamwamba.
Tillandsia lindenii
Ofanana kwambiri ndi buluu waandandsia. Ili ndi inflorescence yayikulu, komanso mtundu wa bracts. Mu inflorescence amakhala odzoza ofiira kapena apinki opepuka, ndipo maluwa amatenthedwa amtambo ndipo ali ndi maso oyera.
