Cherry adalimidwa kalekale pamawebusayiti athu, ndipo mwina kulibe munda woterowo pomwe mitengo iwiri kapena itatu yamitengo sikanamera. Wamaluwa amakonda chitumbuwa chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwawo, kuthana ndi chisanu mokwanira, kupatula dothi losasalala (kupatula dothi louma komanso kusauka), kuthekera kwazomera zambiri (mutatha kudulira, kuzizira), kulolerana kwa mthunzi, zokolola zabwino komanso kukoma kwabwino ndi zipatso, makamaka zatsopano mitundu yazikhalidwe iyi. Komabe, zovuta zimatha kukhalapo ndi yamatcheri, nthawi zina zimachitikanso kuti mitengo yamitengo safuna kubala zipatso. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika komanso zoyenera kuchita nazo? Tiyesa kuyankha mafunso awa mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere.
Chocolate yamatcheriZomwe zimayambitsa kusakhala bwino kwa zipatso zamatcheri:
- Chifukwa 1. Kubzala kolakwika kwamatcheri
- Chifukwa 2. Kuperewera
- Chifukwa 3. Matenda a Cherry
- Chifukwa 4. Nyengo zoipa
- Chifukwa 5. Amatcheri alibe michere
- Chifukwa 6. Kunenepa kolona wa chitumbuwa
Chifukwa 1. Kubzala kolakwika kwamatcheri
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kubzala, nthawi zambiri kuchedwetsa kopitilira mtengo wa chitumbuwa kumachitika chifukwa choti wolima dimba, akadzala, adakulitsa khosi la chomera. Izi sizingachitike, kukulitsa mizu yamiyala yamiyala yazipatso zamiyala sikungapangitse kuchepa kwa mbewuyo (kufikira mochedwa nthawi ya zipatso), komanso kuyambitsa kuphedwa kwake chifukwa cha khosi lomwe limazizidwa.
Mukabzala mbande za chitumbuwa, zomwe zimachitika bwino kwambiri mchaka, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti nthaka ikadzayambiranso khosi mizu imakwezedwa pamwamba pamtunda ndi masentimita awiri kapena atatu. Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amasokoneza muzu wa khosi ndi malo a katemera - muzu wa khosi womwe umapezeka pansi pa malo a katemera, pamalo pomwe mizu imalowamo.
Ngati chifukwa chakusowa kwa zipatso ndikukhazikika kwa kolala ya muzu, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukumba dothi kuchokera pamenepo, osati pafupi ndi kolala yamizu, mosazindikira ndikupanga dzenje lomwe lingasungunuke, kuthilira ndi madzi amvula, koma ndikuchotsa dothi lonse munjira yonse yoyandikira, kupanga kunja malire a pafupi-thunthu amavula poyambira masentimita atatu kuya, momwe chinyontho chidzaunjikira. Zikatero, mtengowo ungayambe kubala zipatso chaka chamawa kapena munyengo, ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye chifukwa chake chingakhale chosiyana.
Chifukwa 2. Kuperewera
Mitundu yambiri yamatchire imafunikira kupukutidwa kwa zipatso kuti ibalale zipatso ndi kubala mbewu (mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu ina ya Shokoladnitsa). Ngati palibe pollinator osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti chitumbuwacho chimatha kutulutsa zipatso kwambiri, koma osabala zipatso, chifukwa mungu wochokera ku mitundu yosiyana-siyana sugwera pamavuto amtengo wanu womwe ukukula.
Ngati maluwa akutulutsa maluwa, koma osabala zipatso, ndipo akhala akubwereza kale kwa nyengo zingapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kubzala mitundu imodzi kapena ziwiri zopangira mungu pachimake, zomwe ziyenera kuphuka nthawi yomweyo ndi mitundu yomwe yakula kale pachiwembu chanu. Pukutira kwathunthu, mitengo sifunikira kuyandikana, ndikwanira kuziyika patali pafupifupi mamita atatu.
Zikakhala kuti palibe malo pamalowo pokhazikitsa mbewu zatsopano, zodulidwa chimodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina ndi nthawi yomweyo maluwa zitha kumanikizidwa mu korona wa chitumbuwa. Kumezanitsa ayenera katemera mu April, pa yogwira kuyamwa kutuluka. Ndikwabwino kubzala zodula kuti mungu uzitha maluwa ambiri. Zachidziwikire, pamenepa, chitumbuwa chanu chimayamba kubala zipatso pokhapokha ngati mphukira (mpaka mlingo wokwanira) zitakula kuchokera kumadulidwe okometsedwa korona.
Mutha kuthandizanso kupukusa kwa maluwa ndi mapangidwe azipatso, ngati mungakopeke ndi malo a njuchi ndi tizilombo tina. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kudzala maluwa owoneka bwino pamalowo, kuwayika, mwachitsanzo, kuzungulira mzere wamalowo kapena poyandikira tsinde, kapena kukopa tizilombo ndi nyambo zokoma, kusungunula shuga kapena uchi m'madzi ndikuyika muli pafupi ndi chitumbuwa.
Mtengo wamaluwa wamaluwaChifukwa 3. Matenda a Cherry
Chifukwa chinanso choti mtengo wa chitumbuwa sichingabale chipatso ndi matenda achomera. Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti mtengo ukudwala ndi zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zikuwoneka bwino ndi diso lamaliseche. Pankhani yamatcheri, kusowa kwa zipatso kumawonedwa ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kachilombo cococycosis. Ndi matendawa, mawanga a bulauni amatha kuwoneka pamasamba a mtengo wamatumbu, nthawi zambiri kuwoneka kofiirira koyera kumawonekera pamasamba. Mizu imatha kuwoneka paliponse papepala, komanso kumbuyo kwake.
Kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kumayambitsa kutsimikizika kwamasamba ambiri, kusokoneza kwa photosynthesis ndi kusowa kwa zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, mothandizidwa ndi matendawa, mbewuyo imataya kuuma kwake ndipo imatha kufa ngakhale nthawi yozizira yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
Mutha kuthana ndi coccomycosis pochiza chomeracho ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi mkuwa (1-2%) mwachitsanzo, madzi a Bordeaux, sulfate yachitsulo kapena mkuwa wamkuwa. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mvula ikasiyidwa kapena mosayembekezereka, ndikofunikira kuphimba maziko a mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za chigoba choyamba. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides zovomerezeka monga Skor, Abig-Peak, Horus ndi ena.
Matenda enanso omwe amatsogolera ku chakuti mtengo wa chitumbuwa umasiyidwa wopanda chipatso moto woyipa. Komanso ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Mafangayi amatha kulowa m'mazira oyambilira atangoyamba kumene mapangidwe awo, ndikupangitsa kukhetsa. Ndizotheka kumvetsetsa kuti chomera cha chitumbuwa chimakhudzidwa ndi moniliosis (kuwotcha kwachikale) ndi masamba omwe adawuma kale kwambiri kuposa kale, komanso ndi mphukira (ngati kuti awotcha). Pankhaniyi, mawanga ansalu amatha kuonedwa pamakona.
M'pofunika kuthana ndi kuwotcha kwawoko m'magawo angapo - woyamba kudula mphukira zonse zakufa, kenako kuchitira mbewuzo ndi zokonzekera kapena fungicides zovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe.
Mtengo wa Cherry wakufa chifukwa cha cococycosis 
Monyliosis Cherry TreeChifukwa 4. Nyengo zoipa
Nyengo zosasangalatsa nyengo yamaluwa limatha kusokoneza kukula kwa mungu wamachubu ndikusiya wolima wopanda mbewu. Zadziwika kuti sipangakhale zipatso zilizonse ngati nthawi yamaluwa yamaluwa ikadzabweranso maluwa itayang'aniridwa, ngati kukugwa mvula komanso chinyezi cha dothi ndi mpweya ndizokwera kwambiri, komanso ngati kuli kouma komanso kotentha kwambiri.
Pankhani chisanu, mutha kuyesa kuthandizira mbewuyo mwa kuswana moto wosuta mozungulira malowa, chifukwa cha izi, mpweya umatha kuwotha ndikusunga maluwa. Zachidziwikire, utsi wagawoli si woyenera nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati tsamba lanu lili m'tawuni kapena pakati pa dachas ndi anthu omwe akukhalamo nthawi imeneyi.
Pankhani ya chinyezi chowonjezereka, kapena, momwe, chilala, mutha kuyesa kulimbikitsa mbewu kupanga ovary ndi Chithandizo cha boric acid. Chidebe cha boric acid chimafunika pachidebe chamadzi (kutsatira malangizo) - kuchuluka kwa mtengo wachikulire kapena mitengo iwiri yaying'ono.
Ndi chinyezi chambiri munthaka, kumasula dothi pafupipafupi pamtengo wozungulira, izi zimathandizira kuti chinyontho chikhale chinyontho, koma ngati kulibe chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye kuti kumadzulo ndikofunikira kuthira ndowa yamadzi pansi pa chomera chilichonse, chomwe kale chimamasula dothi.
Chifukwa 5. Amatcheri alibe michere
Panthaka yosauka, mitengo ya chitumbuwa imaphuka bwino, koma osabala zipatso, kapena imapanga zipatso zochepa osapanga maluwa kapena zipatso. Zipatso sizingakhalenso chifukwa cha chinyezi kwambiri m'nthaka, mwachitsanzo, pamene pansi pamtunda pali pafupi ndi nthaka. Chifukwa china chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi dothi ndikukula kwachulukidwe ake; m'nthaka zoterozo, mbewu sizingatenge zakudya, ngakhale zitakwanira m'nthaka.
Mutha kuchepetsa acidity ya dothi powonjezera dolomite ufa (300 g pa lalikulu mita) kapena laimu (200 g pa lalikulu mita).
Pothana ndi madzi okwanira pansi, mizu imatha kuvunda, ndipo chomera sichikula kuchokera pamenepa. Ndizovuta kuthandiza mtengo pano - mutha kuyesa kupanga ngalande kapena kukumba maenje ataliatali m'mbali mwa malowo momwe madzi amadzunjiramo.
Ponena za feteleza, posowa feteleza, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kukhazikitsa chakudya m'nthaka, ndipo chomera cha chitumbuwa chikuyamba kukula kwambiri, chitha kupatsa mbewu yoyamba nyengo yotsatira.
Dongosolo lodyetsa chitumbuwa ndilophweka - kasupe, ndikakhala chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka, mutha kudyetsa chitumbuwa ndi nitroammophos, ndikuwonjezera bokosi lofananira la feteleza pansi pa chomera chilichonse. Pakutha maluwa, 8-10 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate iyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndipo mutatha kuphatikiza, phunzitsani nthaka ndi phulusa lamatabwa (200-250 g pa mtengo uliwonse) kapena onjezerani zosakaniza kilogalamu imodzi ya kompositi, 12-15 g ya superphosphate ndi 15-20 g potaziyamu sulfate.
Kuvala kwapamwamba pamwambowu wonena ndikofunikira kwa mbeu zakubadwa zaka zitatu; m'mbuyomu, ngati feteleza adakuwonjezerani dzenje mukabzala, mbewuzo sizingathe kudyetsedwa, ndipo ngati feteleza sanagwilitsidwe, ndiye kuti muzipereka theka la mlingo womwe wafotokozedwayo.
Kudulira KwapangidweChifukwa 6. Kunenepa kolona wa chitumbuwa
Pomaliza, tidzakambirana za chifukwa china choperewera kwamatcheri - korona wokulira. Izi (monga, kusapezeka kwa zipatso ndi korona wonyezimira) sizimawonedwa nthawi zambiri, koma zimachitikabe. Ngati chitumbuwa mutera pamalowo sichinadulidwepo kamodzi, ndiye kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi korona amatha kukulira mpaka zipatso kuti asiye.
Kuti izi zisachitike, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kawirikawiri mu Marichi) ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira mwaukhondo pochotsa mphukira zonse zouma, zophwanyika, zodwala ndi mazira, komanso zomwe zimamera mpaka korona, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakulitsa. Kudulira koteroko sikungoleketsa korona, komanso kungapangitse mbewu kuti ipange mphukira zatsopano, pomwe maluwa ndi zipatso zidzawonekera.
Izi ndi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe mtengo wamatchera ungakhale wopanda zipatso. Ngati mukudziwa zifukwa zina kapena mukudziwa njira zina zochotsera zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi pamwambapa ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa, lembani za iwo ndemanga: zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwa ife ndi owerenga athu kuti aphunzire chatsopano.
