Mu nyengo yotentha ya South America, komwe nasturtium imachokera, mbewu izi nthawi zambiri zimamera ngati zipatso, zomwe zimapereka maluwa okongola pafupifupi chaka chonse. Koma palibe mizu yolimba kapena mizu yamphepo yopulumuka nyengo ya Russia.
Chifukwa chake, olima nyumba zowerengera azolowera chikhalidwechi monga zokongola pachaka, zomwe zimakondweretsa ndi maluwa pafupifupi chilimwe chonse. Mphukira yoyamba pa nasturtium, kubzala kwa iyo yomwe ndi njere kapena mbande sikovuta kwenikweni ngakhale wamaluwa wamano, amawoneka pakati pa Juni kapena Julayi, ndi maluwa omalizira atagwedezeka.
Kuti chomera chimapatsa zipatso zobiriwira kale ndikulowa nthawi yamaluwa, ndikofunikira:
- sankhani moyenera malo oyimitsa nasturtium;
- perekani mbande mosamala, kuphatikiza kuthilira ndi kuvala pamwamba;
- kuteteza zimayambira, maluwa ndi masamba kuchokera kwa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Zambiri zimatengera chodzala.
Mitundu wamba ya nasturtium imafesedwa ndi nthangala zomwe zimakhwima m'malo otentha ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa nyengo yotsatira.
Malo obzala nasturtium m'munda
Mitundu yonse yamtchire komanso yokwera ngati nasturtium imakonda dothi lopepuka, louma bwino lomwe lili ndi michere yambiri komanso acidity yochepa. Nasturtium m'mundamo, wobzalidwa panthaka zothina, ndizosavuta kusiyanitsidwa ndi ma patali, masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi maluwa.
Kuchuluka kwa dothi lachilengedwe chachilengedwe kumatha kusewera nthabwala zoyipa ndi wolimira. Mbeu sizidzakumana ndi zovuta zamera zokha, koma chomera chadzayamba "kunenepa", ndikupereka masamba ambiri, osati maluwa. Ngati dothi lomwe lili ndi dongo lalitali kapena chernozem limafikiridwanso kwambiri, mizu ya nasturtium imawonongeka msanga, ndipo chomera chimafa.
Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri kwa malo obzala nasturtium ndi loam mchenga kapena loam yokhala ndi ngalande zabwino, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kuvala pamwamba, ngati pakufunika.
Pali mwambi wodziwika bwino wonena za "mapazi ofunda ndi mutu kuzizira." Nasturtium ili ndi zosiyana. Ndi chikondi chonse cha chikhalidwechi kutentha ndi kuwala, ndikofunikira kusankha malo kuti mizu yanyengayo isinthidwe. Koma masamba ndi maluwa omwe adagwidwa ndi dzuwa adzadziwonetsa okha pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, makamaka ngati atetezedwa ndi mphepo komanso ngati angathe kutenthaku.
Trellis, mpanda wam'munda kapena khoma lanyumba ndizoyenera kuthana ndi gawo lothandizira pakukwera ndi kukwera mitundu ya nasturtium. Mitundu ya Shrub ndi yabwino pamabedi amaluwa, ndipo mitundu ya ampel ndi yabwino pakupachika maluwa miphika kapena maluwa okongoletsera.
Njira zodzala nasturtium
Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe zingabzalidwe ndikukula nasturtium:
- Kupeza nasturtium kuchokera kumbewu kumathandizira njira yobzala mbewu, mbande zopanda mavuto zimamera mu nthaka yotenthetsedwa ndikukula mwachangu.
- Njira yodzala mbewu yobzalira imakuthandizani kuti mubweretse maluwa pang'ono ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yayitali, koma pali ngozi yotaya mbande itasinthidwa m'nthaka.
- Mothandizidwa ndi odulidwa, omwe mumchenga wonyowa kapena madzi amapereka mizu ndipo ali okonzeka kubzala m'malo osatha m'mundamo. Njirayi ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakakhala kotheka kupeza mbewu za mtundu wina kapena mtundu wina watsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya nasturtium formers tubers yoyenera yosungirako yozizira pamawonekedwe ochepera zero ndi masika kubzala mu nthaka.
Kukula kwa Nasturtium kuchokera ku Mbewu
Mitundu yambiri ya nasturtium yolimidwa imatha kukhala yobzalira nthangala, kudutsa gawo lomera. Njirayi imapulumutsa nthawi yambiri ndikuchita khama. Nasturtium, kulima ndi kusamalira komwe kumayamba ndi njere, kumayamba kumera pabwalo ndipo sikudwala. Choipa chokha ndikuti mutha kuwona nasturtium ukutulutsa m'munda pokhapokha pakati pa chilimwe.
Ndipo nthawi zina wamaluwa amadandaula kuti mbewu sizikufuna kuwaswa konse. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha:
- kuyipa bwino kapena kusakhwima kwa mbewu zokha;
- dothi lozizira kwambiri pakubzala nasturtium;
- kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka;
- kuzama kwamphamvu kwa mbewu;
- kachulukidwe kakakulu dothi pamalo osankhidwa nasturtium.
Pofuna kuti musakumane ndi zovuta izi, musanafesere mbewu kwa kotala la ola limodzi kumizidwa m'madzi kuchokera 40 mpaka 50 ° C ndikuwunyowetsa tsiku lina. Izi zimayambitsa tumphuka ndikufewetsa makulidwe owonda pansi.
Kubzala nasturtium kumachitika mu Meyi, kokha m'nthaka yabwino. Mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatu zimatsitsidwa m'mabowo omwe ali pamtunda wa 20-30 cm mpaka kuya kwa 2 cm.
Mphukira za nasturtium sizilekerera kuzizirira ndipo, kwa nthawi yachisanu, zimafunikira kutetezedwa mothandizidwa ndi zogona zopangidwa ndi filimu kapena zinthu zosakongoletsedwa. Njira imodzimodziyo, monga kuthira madzi ofunda, imapangitsa kuti mbewu zikule msanga.
Kubzala mbande za nasturtium zoyambirira maluwa
Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha njira yogulira mbande za kukula kwa nasturtium ndi chiopsezo cha kuwononga mizu ya chomera chokwanira, chifukwa chake njere zimabzalidwa mumbale zosiyasiyana kuti zisatenge ndikuzikhwimitsanso mu dothi.
Ndibwino kwambiri ngati mapiritsi a peat kapena miphika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala nasturtium.
- Kubzala mu Epulo kapena Meyi koyambirira kumachitika kuti sikuti 2 cm, 2-3 mbewu pachitsime.
- Landings ayenera kupereka kutentha kwa pafupifupi +22 ° C.
- Mphukira zikaonekera masabata awiri, kutentha kumakhala pang'ono, mpaka +18 ° C, amachepetsa ndikusintha kutulutsa ndi kuyatsa kwabwino.
Ndikothekanso kusamutsa mbewu kumunda ngati chiwopsezo cha chisanu chikutha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pofika pakati pa Meyi, nthawi zambiri - mu Juni. Ngati mutabzala, nasturtium imayembekezeredwa ndi nyengo yoyipa kapena usiku wozizira, ndibwino kuteteza nkhalangozi ndi zofunda.
Ndipo wosamalira mundawo atha kutenga zithunzi zoyambirira za maluwa nasturtium mwezi kapena theka mutabzala mbande mu nthaka. Maluwa adzatha pokhapokha ngati kumayamba kuzizira.
Kukula ndi kusamalira nasturtium nthawi yotentha
Kusamalira nasturtium m'miyezi yachilimwe ndikumenya. Chomera chimangofunika chokhazikika, koma kuthirira pang'ono ndikuchotsa namsongole muzu. Ngati mukusamalira mulching nthaka yomasulidwa nthawi isanakwane, ndiye kuti njira zonse zovomerezeka ndizosavuta kuyerekeza ndipo sizofunikira kawirikawiri.
Njira yothirira komanso njira ya nasturtiums imasankhidwa kuti chinyezi chisamayende ndipo sichikhala chobiriwira nthawi yotentha. Kupanda kutero, m'malo mopindulitsa, kuthirira kungayambitse kuvunda kwa mizu ndikutentha kwa masamba ndi maluwa.
Kuperewera kwa madzi pa nthawi yolima ndi kusamalira nasturtium kumayambitsa kutalika komanso kufooka kwa tsinde, kudula ndi kutulutsa masamba, kuthira kwamaluwa ndi maluwa. Mutha kuthandizira chomera chofowoka ndi mchere wovala pamwamba, komanso kudulira nthawi zonse zakale ndi zowuma zimayambira, kuchotsa masamba osweka ndi ziphuphu.
Ngati zizindikiro za matenda kapena kuthana ndi tizirombo tikapezeka pa nasturtium, mbali zowonongeka za chomera zimachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo korona amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena mankhwala ena.
Kutola Mbewu za Nasturtium M'munda
Mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya nasturtium ku Russia, kuphatikiza mitundu yakunja, imabala mbewu zoyenera kubzala. Sikovuta kusakatula zipatso ndi nthanga zitatu zopangika pomwepo kapu ya maluwa pansi pa peel yokhotakhota.
Ngati mungayang'ane nasturtium ndi chithunzi cha maluwa, mutha kuwona momwe, kukulira kukula, zipatso zimasintha utoto kuchokera kubiriwira kowala kupita padera. Imeneyi ndi ntchito yakucha, kenako mbewu zokonzeka kumera ndi khungu louma kuti zitha kugwiranso ntchito kwa zaka zinayi.
Kodi sonkhanitsani mbewu za nasturtium kuti mupewe kufesa kosavomerezeka? Zowonadi, mosiyana ndi mapesi ndi masamba, mbewu za nasturtium sizikuwopa chisanu ndipo zidzayamba kukula ngakhale nthawi yophukira, koma sizitha nyengo yachisanu.
Nthawi yayitali yakucha zipatso pamtengowo pakakhala masiku 40 maluwa atatha kuonekera. Pakusonkhanitsa, amatsogozedwa ndi nthawi imeneyi. Ngati zipatso zomwe zikubwera ziwakakamiza kutulutsa nthangala zobiriwira, atha kukakamizidwa kuti akhwime pouma ndi kusuntha kwa firiji kwa miyezi 1-2.
