Tomato pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala wamkulu nthawi zonse. Masamba okondedwa omwe analibe nthawi yakucha nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa nthawi yophukira, kugwa mwadzidzidzi mu kutentha, mvula yamvula. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kusiya masamba obiriwira m'mundawo, ndipo eni changu mwachangu m'njira zosiyanasiyana amayesetsa kusunga zokolola. Tomato - masamba othokoza, amatha kutha kupukusa, omwe amatchedwa yakucha. About malamulo a kucha ndikusungira tomato - nkhani yathu.
Kodi kucha ndi kusunga tomato?
Kodi chimapangitsa kuti phokoso la phwetekere likhale lofunikira?
Ngati tomato angapo afa pamtchire, zilibe kanthu, koma ngati kumayambira nyengo yozizira theka limodzi la mbewu limapachika pamtunda wamtchire mosiyanasiyana, kukula ndi kukhwima, ndiye kuti ukadaulo wabedwa.
Zomwe zalembedwazo zingakhale izi:
- Kubzala mochedwa kapena kubzala mbande (pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana);
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosasinthika (nthawi zambiri pakatikati ndi mochedwa) osaganizira nyengo yam'madera;
- Kuphwanya Ulimi. Mu nyengo yochepa chilimwe mutayamba nyengo yozizira, ochepa mabrashi atatu okhawo okhwima pakati komanso mochedwa mitundu ya phwetekere. Njira yoyenera yopangira chitsamba ikukhazikika pamwamba pa burashi yachitatu. Kupanda kutero, gawo lalikulu la mbewu ndi zipatso mosiyanasiyana kukula ndi kukhwima kumakhalabe pamtchire;
- Mvula yayitali kapena yovuta nthawi yophukira, chinyezi chachikulu chimathandizanso kukulitsa kuchedwa kwa vuto. Matendawa amatha kuwononga mbewu yonse. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa phwetekere, zipatso zimachotsedwa ndikuwotcha pansi popanga bwino kwambiri.
Tomato amachokera ku lamba wotentha. Sangathe kupirira kuzizira. Kutsitsa kutentha kukhala + 5 ... + 6 ° C ndiye belu loyamba kudya zipatsozo ndi kuziyika kuti zipse.
Nthawi zina kutsika kwakanthawi kochepa kutentha ndi kutentha kwotsatira sikubweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa tomato osapsa. Pakutero, malo osakhalitsa amtundu wa udzu wamtchire (pamabasi otsika) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena nyumba zotchingira mafilimu kapena zida zopanda zovala (spanbond, lutrasil, agrospan, agril, agrotex) zimayikidwa pamitundu yayitali.
Koma ngati kuzizira kumabwera mwadzidzidzi ndipo malinga ndi kunena kwa nthawi yayitali, amachotsa zipatso zonse ndikuziyika kuti zipse. M'malo obiriwira osapsa, tomato wathanzi amachotsedwa kuti akhwime ndi kusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa + 9 ° C. Ngati zipatso zimakhudzidwa ndi vuto lakumapeto, mulimonse amachotsedwa, ndipo wowonjezera kutentha ndi wopukutidwa.
Tomato wokhala ndi phesi ndiye amene amawaza pachitsamba, amadula, koma osachikoka pachitsamba.
Ndi zipatso ziti zomwe zitha kucha?
Tomato amachotsedwa kuti akhwime pambuyo pamame, nyengo yadzuwa. Zipatso zam'madzi panthawi yosungirako zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola.
Tomato wokhala ndi phesi ndi amene amasankhidwa kuthengo. Choyendayenda chimadulidwa, koma osachotsedwa kuchitsamba. Zipatso zowonongeka sizisungidwa.
Pokhapokha pouma, zipatso zoyera zimasungidwa.
Sikuti tomato aliyense amene ali woyenera kucha.
Zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira (mpaka Chaka Chatsopano) ndi zipatso za tomato zomwe zimakhala ndi khungu lowonda komanso zamkati zochepa. Tomato wochotsedwa amagawika m'magulu awiri (akulu ndi ang'ono) ndipo amawongolera molingana ndi mawonekedwe otsatirawa, atagonekedwa mumbale zosiyasiyana:
- mwamtheradi wathanzi, zotanuka ndi mawonekedwe onyezimira;
- athanzi lakunja, koma ali ndi matte pamwamba, atagona chidebe chosiyana; amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi vuto lakachedwa; zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikukula;
- theka-okhwima, pinki mithunzi;
- kupsa kwamkaka;
- zobiriwira, zofiirira, zamtundu wanthawi zonse zosiyanasiyana.
Mwa tomato wochepa, wowoneka bwino wofiirira, wa chimanga ndi theka-okhwima amayikidwa pambali kuti akhwime. Chotsalira chotsika pansi pa yosungirako chimakwinyika, kupukutidwa, kuwawa - sioyenera kudya.
Ndi kucha mwachangu, tomato amathiridwa pomwepo, samalekerera kusungidwa kwakutali.
Zoyenera kukhwima mwachangu kwa zipatso za phwetekere
Kuthamanga kwa kucha kwa phwetekere komanso nthawi yosungirako zawo zimatengera zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa:
- Pakucha mwachangu, kutentha kwambiri kwa + 25 ... + 28 ° C ndi kuwala kowala ndikofunikira. Zipatso zimacha mkati mwa masiku 5-6. Kucha zipatso kumachepetsa (mpaka masiku 8-10) kutentha kwa m'munsi, osaposa + 20 ... + 24 ° С.
- Mutha kufulumizitsa kupsa kwa zipatso zobiriwira ndikuyika tomato kapena maapulo awiri mu chidebe. Ma ethylene omwe amawatulutsa amathandizira kuti zipatso zamtundu wobiriwira zipse msanga.
- Kuchokera njira zosapsa zakupsa: mutha kubaya jekeseni wa 2-3 ml kapena mowa wamphamvu mu phesi la phwetekere iliyonse. Kuima ethylene kumathandizira kukhwima kwa zipatso.
- Ena opititsa patsogolo, kuti akuthamangitsire kucha kucha kwa zipatso, amatenga, nkuwaphimba ndi kuwala.
Ndi kucha mwachangu, zipatsozo zimadyedwa nthawi yomweyo. Samalola kusunga kwakanthawi. Malo achikasu kuzungulira tsinde silimasokoneza ntchito ya phwetekere muzakudya.
Momwe mungasungire zipatso za phwetekere zabwino?
Malamulo a bookmark osungira zipatso zamatumbo zabwino:
- Tomato wosankhidwa amayikidwa mumbale, makamaka matabwa, monga mabokosi, matayala okhala ndi kutalika kosaposa 10-18 cm; zipatso zimagawidwa m'magawo awiri a 2-3; mzere pansi uli ndi phesi pansi, kanjira kwapakati, ndipo pamwamba - phesi; ndi kuyala uku, mapesi sangathe kuvulaza masamba oyandikana nawo;
- Mzere uliwonse umalumikizidwa ndi mapepala a nyuzipepala kapena pepala lonyowetsa chinyezi (zopukutira, matawulo a pepala);
- Chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino; mpweya chinyezi umayambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda a fungal;
- Tomato amasungidwa popanda mwayi wakuwala; chivundikirani ndi burlap, mapama akale, ma bedi, mabango, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuzunzika mochedwa mukamasungira tomato?
Chinyezi chachikulu mu nthawi yophukira chimayambitsa kubweretsanso kwachulukidwe ka matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kumlingo wokulirapo - choipitsitsa cha mochedwa. Ngati tchire la phwetekere pamalo osavomerezeka lakhudzidwa ndi vuto lakumapeto, ndiye kuti lotengedwa kuti lithe kapena kusungirako limakhalanso ndi spores zovulaza.
Kuti muteteze tomato kuchokera ku phytophthora mukasungika kuti isungidwe, amafunika kumizidwa kwa mphindi 1-3 m'madzi otentha (+ 60 ° C), kuchotsedwa msanga, modekha, popanda kuwononga khungu, pukuta kapena pouma. Alimi ena amaika tomato m'mabowo kapena m'makoma ndikuwathira madzi otentha kwa mphindi zingapo. Zomera zambiri za bowa zomwe zili pamtunda zimafa. Tomato wotere amasungidwa mu chidebe china ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati chakudya kapena kukonza koyambirira.
Kusungidwa kwa tomato panthambi.
Zofunikira pakusungidwa kwa phwetekere kwa nthawi yayitali
Mukamagona kosungira kwakutali, kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa + 8 ... 10 ° С ndi chinyezi cha mpweya 60-75%. Zipinda zamalo ozizira komanso zowonjezera kutentha zimatha kuyambitsa mochedwa ndipo zipatso zimayamba kuvunda mumtsuko. Ndikusungidwa kwakutali, cheke mwatsatanetsatane wazinthu zomwe zasungidwa ndizofunikira (nthawi ziwiri pa sabata). Kutsatira ndi zofunikira pazosungidwa kumapitilira nthawi yake mpaka miyezi 1-1,5.
Njira zina zokulitsira alumali moyo wa tomato
Kucha mu tchire. Posachedwa, kusungidwa kwa tomato m'nyumba ndi tchire lonse kwachitika. Amapachikika mozondoka. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kutuluka kwa michere kuchokera kuzinthu zodziyimira payokha kupita ku zipatso. Amapitiliza kukula, kukulira kuchuluka ndi unyinji. Moyo wowonjezera wa alumali.
Kukumba tchire. Ngati pali zipinda zothandizirana zotenthetsera, ndiye kuti zitsamba zokumbidwa muzu zimakumbidwa mumiyala ndi nthaka. Chitsamba chokumbidwa chimathiriridwa mwadongosolo pansi pa muzu, kukhala ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka (kumene, pang'ono). Mabasi akupitiliza kukula, zipatso zazikulu za tomato zimacha, ndipo zazing'ono zimachulukitsa.
Kusunga panthambi. Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi zipatso za phwetekere zimalumikizidwa ndi nthambi ziwiri za 2-3 ndikulendewera pamahang'ala osiyanasiyana kuti asakhudzane. Amatha kupachikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, pamtunda wofunda. Ndi mpweya wabwino, moyo wa alumali umatha kuwonjezereka mpaka masabata awiri mpaka atatu.
