Juniper

Chomera monga juniper (Juniperus) chimatchedwanso kuti juniper kapena heather. Zimakhudzana ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena mitengo ya banja laypypress. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezedwa ku Northern Hemisphere kuchokera ku Arctic kupita kumadera akumapiri. Pagululi, dzina lakale lachi Latin la chomera ichi "juniper" lidasungidwa ndi Karl Linnaeus, lidatchulidwa m'zolemba za wolemba ndakatulo Virgil, yemwe amakhala ku Roma wakale. Mitunduyi pano imagwirizanitsa mitundu 70 ya mitundu mitundu ya mbewu. Zamoyo zamtchire zimakonda kumera m'mapiri okha, koma mtengo wautunduwu umakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 15 ndipo umapezeka m'nkhalango za Central Asia ndi America, komanso ku Mediterranean. Kunja, mbewu iyi ndi yofanana ndiypypress, ndipo imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka mazana atatu ndi atatu. M'malo momwe nkhwangwa imamera, mpweya umakhala woyera kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti juniper ndiye njira yofunikira kwambiri yopangira njoka; ku Russia idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika mbale, mkaka womwe suwotentha ngakhale kutentha. Zithandizo zingapo zamatenda zidapangidwa kale kuchokera ku muzu, zipatso za cone ndikubzala mafuta ofunikira. Zipatso za juniper zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika, monga zokometsera za nyama, komanso pokonza masuzi, marinade, sopo, pastes ndi zakumwa. Matabwa amitundu ina ya mbewuyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapensulo, malasha ndi zaluso zosiyanasiyana.

Maonekedwe a juniper (shrub)

Juniper shrub ndiyodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mita 1-3. Koma nthawi zina m'minda yamtundu ulinso mitundu ya mitengo, kutalika kwa mbewu ngati imeneyi ndi 4-8 metres, koma nthawi zina zimakhala ngati 12 metres. Tsinde lokhazikika limakhazikika. M'malingaliro achichepere, makungwa ali ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo chomeracho ndi chofiirira. Masamba owoneka ngati singano kapena scaly amasonkhanitsidwa mumitundu iliyonse. Chitsamba chotere ndichophatikizira. Zonunkhira zokoma kwambiri, zonunkhira zazikazi m'mimba mwake zimafikira masentimita 0.5-0.9, zimapakidwa zobiriwira. Ma cones achimuna ndi ofanana ndi ma spikelets apamwamba amtundu wozungulira, wokhala ndi utoto wachikasu wooneka bwino komanso wopezeka mumphaka. Kucha kwa cones kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri. Mkati mwake, ali ndi nthangala 12, pomwe pamtunda pali mamba omata otsekeka mwamphamvu.

Mitundu yambiri yamitundu yotereyi imalimidwa, pomwe imakulidwa mumsewu komanso m'nyumba. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, bonsai ochokera ku juniper ndiodziwika kwambiri.

Kubzala Juniper

Nthawi yobzala

Kubzala mmera m'munda ndikulimbikitsidwa kasupe (Epulo kapena Meyi). Komanso chitsamba chotere chingabzalidwe mu nthawi ya kugwa (Okutobala). Chomerachi chimakonda kwambiri kuwala, koma juniper wamba amatha kumera m'malo otetezeka pang'ono. Palibe zofunika zapadothi. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti asankhe dothi lotayirira, lonyowa, losalala kapena lamchenga. Acidity acidity iyenera kukhala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapH 4.5-7 (kutengera mtundu ndi mitundu ya juniper).

Mbewu za Juniper

Pakubzala m'mundamo, mbande zomwe zakhala zaka 3-4 ndizoyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwagulire m'malo opangira maluwa kapena malo odyera, omwe amakhazikika. Pomwe mbande ikakhala mumtsuko, kuchuluka kwake kumayambira 3 mpaka 5 malita, ndiye kuti imayamba mizu yake ndikuyamba kuyamba kukula. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mbande zazikulupo, ndiye kuti mudzabzala mufunika zina, ndipo zidzazika pang'onopang'ono. Yang'anirani mosamala mmera musanagule. Ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawa, ndibwino kuti musatengere chotere. Mukadzala chomera, yesetsani kuti mbuto yake ikhale yolimba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati dothi libalalika, izi zimayambitsa kuvulaza nsonga za mizu, chifukwa chake, mmera udwala udzakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo pomaliza udzafa. Ngati mmera wabzalidwa mumtsuko, ndiye kuti ungabzalidwe m'mundamo nthawi ina iliyonse nyengo, koma ndibwino kupatula masiku achisangalalo. Asanabzale chomera, mizu yake iyenera kumizidwa m'madzi kwa maola angapo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande zazing'ono zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka nthawi yamasika kapena masiku omaliza a chilimwe munyengo yachisanu. Ngati mukufuna, mizu ya chitsamba imatha kuthandizidwa ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, (Kornevin) musanabzike.

Momwe mungabzalire

Ngati chomera chikukula mokwanira, ndiye kuti pakati pa tchire chizikhala chotsalira masentimita 150-200. Ngati tchire ndi yaying'ono, mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala pafupifupi 50 cm. Kukula kwa fossa kumadalira kukula kwa dothi lomera, pomwe kukula kwake kuyenera kupitilira mizu 2 kapena 3. Ngati mmera mulibe waukulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti bowo la masentimita 50x50x50 ndikokwanira. Hafu ya mwezi umodzi usanachotsedwe, ikani njerwa yosweka ndi mchenga kuti ichotse pansi pa bowo, ndipo kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Pambuyo pake, dzenje la 2/3 limadzazidwa ndi mchenga wokhala ndi michere yambiri, wokhala ndi mchenga, dongo louma komanso thonje (1: 1: 2), momwe ma gramu 200 mpaka 300 a nitroammophoska amayenera kutsanulidwa ndikusakanizidwa bwino. Ngati mumabzala mitengo ya Verginian, ndiye kuti muyenera kuthira ½ gawo la chidebe cha manyowa. Komanso, ngati yabzalidwe m'nthaka yopanda bwino, muyenera kuthiranso theka la ndowa. Mukabzala Cossack juniper mu nthaka, kuthira 200 mpaka 300 magalamu a dolomite ufa. Pakatha theka la mwezi, nthaka imatha kubzala ndipo mmera ubzalidwe. Mmera udzaikidwe mu dzenje ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma wopanda feteleza. Mutabzala mmera waukulu, khosi lake la mizu liyenera kukwera pamwamba pa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. M'malo momwe chomera sichili chachikulu kwambiri, mutabzala, khosi lake la mizu liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi nthaka. Juniper wobzalidwa amayenera kuthiriridwa, ndipo madziwo akamamizidwa, ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze pamwamba pa thunthu lozungulira ndi wosanjikiza wa mulch (utuchi, peat kapena tchipisi zamatabwa), makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala a 5 mpaka 8 sentimita.

Momwe mungasamalire m'munda

Kukula

Kukula kwa juniper ndikosavuta kokwanira. Panyengo, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha nthawi yayitali, ndi zidebe ziwiri za madzi zomwe zimatengedwa pamunthu wamkulu. Juniper amayankha bwino masamba opukutira, omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita kamodzi pa sabata, makamaka njirayi imafunidwa ndi achi junipers achi China komanso wamba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthaka ya bwalo loyandikira imayenera kumasulidwa ndipo udzu uyenera kutulutsidwa. Juniper tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidyetsedwe mu kasupe, chifukwa chaichi, kuchokera pa 30 mpaka 40 magalamu a nitroammophoska amayenera kugawidwa padziko lonse la bwalo. Feteleza imamizidwa munthaka, kenako ndikofunikira kuthirira. Zikakhala choncho, ngati mbewuyo yabzalidwe m'nthaka yosauka kwambiri, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthira manyowa ndi nthawi yonseyi, koma nthawi yomweyo, yopuma pakuvala ayenera kukhala osachepera milungu 4.

Kudulira

Kudulira kwa juniper, monga lamulo, kumachitika akafuna kupanga mpanda kunja kwa chitsamba ichi. Nthawi zina, kudulira sikuyenera kuchitika. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupanga chitsamba, muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngati mudula china chake chopanda tanthauzo, ndiye kuti zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuti mubwezeretsenso, popeza ichi ndi chomera chomwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa kudulira mwaukhondo komanso kupatulira, ndipo mutha kudulira nthambi zazitali kwambiri kapena kuwoneka ngati nyansi.

Zinthu Zogulitsa

Zimachitika kuti chomera chachikulu chimasinthidwa kupita kwina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kwa chomera chachikulire, kupatsirana kumakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri, komanso makamaka kwa juniper. Kodi ndizotheka kusendeza chitsamba kuti chitha kuvulaza pang'ono momwe mungathere? Za momwe angakonzekere kutchera mbuto yomwe mwapatsidwa, ndi kukula kwake, yatchulidwa pamwambapa. Chitsamba chokha chiyeneranso kukonzekera kuikapo. Pakatikati, muyenera kuchoka pamtengo kapena pachitsamba kuchokera pa 30 mpaka 40 sentimita, kenako tengani fosholo yakuthwa ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kudula dothi lakuya kwa bayonet. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupatulira mizu yaziphuphu kuchokera ku mizu ya juniper. Kenako muyenera kudikira mpaka nthawi yophukira isanakwane. Munthawi imeneyi, mkati mwa dziko lapansi, lomwe lidadulidwa, mizu yaying'ono ikhala ndi nthawi yakukula. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo ikhoza kuikidwa pompopompo popanda kupweteka.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda

Nthawi zambiri chitsamba ichi chimakhudzidwa ndimatenda oyamba ndi dzimbiri. M'tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilombo, zotumphukira, ma singano ndi nthambi za mafupa zimatulutsa mawonekedwe. Pakhosi pamizu, pamakhala matupa ndi matanda, pomwe pamakhala mabowo, ma crumble, ndipo chifukwa chake, mabala akuya kwambiri sawonekera. Nthambi zouma ziuma ndikufa, pomwe singano zimatembenuka ndikugwa. Zikadzachitika kuti mbewuyo singachiritsidwe, ifa. Pofuna kupewa izi, matendawa atazindikira, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zodwala, pomwe mabala ndi magawo samatetezedwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (1%), kenako amayenera kupakidwa zipatso zamtunda kapena Runnet phala. Nthambi zomwe zidadulidwa ziyenera kuwonongeka. Pazolinga zopewera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mlaluzi azithiridwa madzi mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (1%) kapena machitidwe ofananawo. Komanso, shrub imatha kudwala alternariosis, shute, nectriosis ya khungwa la nthambi, khansa ya biorell ndi kuyanika kunja kwa nthambi. Matenda onsewa amatha kuchiritsidwa chimodzimodzi ndi dzimbiri. Kumbukirani kuti ngati musamalira bwino chitsamba, ndiye kuti sichingatenge matenda ndi tizirombo.

Pa juniper amatha kukhazikitsa tizilombo toyipa monga:

Migodi Ya Mining. Mutha kuchotsa mothandizidwa ndi yankho la Decis (2,5 gramu ya chinthu chilichonse chidebe). Pokonza ziyenera kuchitika 2 zina yopuma theka mwezi.
Ma nsabwe. Pankhaniyi, mankhwalawa amayeneranso kuchitika ma 2 nthawi yopuma ya masabata awiri ndi njira ya Fitoverm (2 magalamu a thunthu pa ndowa 1).
Spider mite. Chomera chodwala chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la Karate (50 magalamu a zinthu pachidebe 1).
Zosintha. Kuti muwonongeke, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la Karbofos (70 magalamu pa ndowa 1).

Zambiri zakukula ku Moscow

Ulimi wa juniper ku dera la Moscow ndi Moscow, komwe nyengo yake ndi yozizira, sizinasinthe. Chomerachi chimalekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino, komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewu zazing'ono zophimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce nthawi yachisanu.

Kufalitsa kwa juniper

Kodi ndingafalikire bwanji

Mbande za chomera zitha kugulidwa mosavuta, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chapadera chogwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zofalitsira juniper. Koma ngati mukufunabe kukulitsa mliri wa manja anu ndi manja anu, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu yakukwawa ikhoza kufalitsika ndi zigawo, ndi mitengo ndi mitengo yamitengo - mwa kudula wobiriwira ndi njere.

Kufalitsa mbewu za juniper

Asanadzafese mbewu za mbewuyi, ayenera kukonzekera. Kuti muchite izi, ayenera kukhala otanganidwa, ndipo izi zimafunikira kuzizira. Mu bokosi lodzaza ndi zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi, muyenera kufesa mbewu, kenako chidebe ichi chimatengedwa ndikuyenda mumsewu ndikuyika pansi pa chipale chofewa. Mbeu zake zizikhala m'miyezi 4-5. Mbewu zokonzeka zimafesedwa poyera mu Meyi. Ngati mungafune, mu Meyi mutha kubzala mbewu zosakonzekera, koma pankhaniyi muyenera kudziwa kuti mbande zoyambirira ziziwoneka chaka chamawa. Mitundu ina ya mbewu zotere, njere zimakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba pokhudzana ndi izi, zisanabzalidwe, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kuti tifulumizane kumera, mbewu zimavulazidwa ndi asidi kapena kuwononga umuna mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi pamene mbewu zimayikidwa pakati pa matabwa awiri okhala ndi sandpaper mkati. Kenako amafunika kuti azikopedwa. Mbewuzo zikasungidwa, zimafesedwa munthaka, pomwe kuya kwakuyenera kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 cm. Kusamalira mbewu zofesedwa ndikosavuta mokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuwaza pansi pa bedi ndi wosanjika wa mulch, kuthirira ngati kuli kofunikira, masiku 14 oyamba ndikofunikira kuteteza mundawo ku dzuwa. Muyeneranso kumasula pansi mabedi mwadongosolo ndikudula udzu. Pazaka zitatu, zitha kusamutsa mmera pamalo osatha, ndikuzisunthira pamodzi ndi mtanda.

Kufalitsa kwa juniper ndi odulidwa

Mitundu yodzikongoletsa siifalitsa ndi njere; Ayenera kukonzekereratu mu nthawi ya masika, pomwe kudula kudula kwa mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zatha kupindika kumadulidwa. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhala kuchokera pa sentimita 5 mpaka 7, pomwe pamafunika kukhalapo 1 kapena 2 internode, komanso chidendene. Kuti muchite izi, phesi siliyenera kudulidwa, koma limang'ambika ndi manja kuti chidutswa cha khungwa kuchokera kwa kholo chikhalabe kumapeto. Nthawi yomweyo, chogwirira chimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi chida chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu. Kenako, zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kubzala zimabzala molingana ndi 7x7 chiwembu chosakanikirana ndi mchenga ndi peat (humus) wotengedwa muyezo wa 1: 1, pomwe nthaka imayenera kukonkhedwa ndi mchenga wozungulira (makulidwe atatu kuyambira 3 mpaka 4 sentimita). Mutabzala, phesi iliyonse payokha iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi. Ndikofunikira kuzama phesi ndi 15-20 mm, molumikizana ndi izi, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika pamchenga. Pakutha kwa nthawi yophukira, kudula kumazika mizu, komabe, ndikadzaza kumalo okhazikika titha kuchitika pokhapokha zaka ziwiri.

Kufalitsa pang'onopang'ono

Ngati juniper wakukwawa, ndiye kuti pofalitsa kake ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyala. Pankhaniyi, mbewuyo imatha kufalitsidwa ndi njirayi munthawi yonse yomwe ikukula mwachangu. Mwa zigawo, muyenera kusankha nthambi zazing'ono, zosakhwima, chifukwa zimayamba kuzika mizu. Choyamba muyenera kumasula dothi lozungulira chomera, kusakaniza ndi peat komanso mchenga wamtsinje, kenako wonyowa. Kufikira masentimita 20 kuchokera pachiyambipo, ndikofunikira kumasulidwa ku singano, ndiye kuti gawo ili liyenera kugwada pansi ndikukhazikika ndi ma studio. Pambuyo pa miyezi 6 mpaka 12, zigawozo zimayambira mizu, koma panthawiyi ziyenera kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo komanso kuthiridwa madzi. Pambuyo mphukira zazing'ono zikamera pamalopo, zidzafunika kuti zisemedwe kuchokera kwa chomera cha kholo ndikubzala m'malo okhazikika.

Juniper yozizira mudzikoli

Wagwa

M'dzinja, mbewuyi iyenera kuyamba kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, mlombwa umakonzedwa kuti ukhale waukhondo, pomwe ovulala, nkuuma ndi nthambi ndi mphukira zomwe zikudulira kolakwika zimadulidwa. Kenako, chomeracho ndi pamwamba pa bwalo loyandikana nalo chimachiritsidwa ndi yankho la Bordeaux fluid (1%) kuti mupewe matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toopsa.

Zima

Juniper amalimbana ndi chisanu. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yofatsa, safunikira kuphimbidwa nthawi yachisanu, koma nthambi ziyenera kukokedwa pamodzi ndi twine. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbewu zazing'ono nthawi yachisanu ndi nthambi za spruce.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya junipers okhala ndi chithunzi

M'mapangidwe, juniper ndiwodziwika kwambiri, kotero akatswiri akuyesera kupanga mitundu, mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri.Mitundu yambiri yachilengedwe yamaluwa imakulanso bwino m'minda yawo. Pansipa pazikhala mitundu yotchuka, mitundu ndi mitundu ya mbewuyi, komanso kufotokozera kwawo mwachidule.

Juniper (Juniperus communis)

Ichi ndi shrub kapena mtengo, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kukhala kosiyana kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 metres. Thunthu la mulifupi limafikira 20 cm. Mtengowu umakhala ndi korona wowoneka ngati nkhungu, ndipo chitsamba ndi ovoid. Makungwa amaso ake ndi amtundu wotuwa, ndipo masamba ake ndi ofiira. Zingwe zobiriwira, zowoneka ngati singano ndizopambana. Kutalika kwa singano kumatha kufika 15 mm, ndipo amakhala pamtengowu kwa zaka 4. Maluwa amawonedwa mu Meyi. Maluwa achikazi amakhala obiriwira achikuda ndipo maluwa achimaso ndi achikaso. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbewuyi ndi pafupifupi zaka 200. Ma cell okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa m'mimba mwake amafika 10 mm, pomwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo okhwima ndi amtambo wamtambo, pamaso pankhope pawo. Zomera zamitundu iyi:

Kukhumudwa (kupanikizidwa) - Ndiwofalikira mosalala-patali kutalika kofika masentimita 100. Singano zake sizitali komanso zazifupi ngati mitundu yayikulu.
Montana - mawonekedwe oterewa kutalika kwake amafika 20 cm. Nthambi zikuluzikulu ndizazikulu komanso zazifupi.
Kapeti Wobiriwira -Chitsamba chofunda ichi chili ndi korona. Singano zake zofewa zimapaka utoto wobiriwira. Kwa zaka 10, mmera umatha kukula masentimita 10 okha. Poterepa, korona m'mimba mwake amatha kufikira ma sentimita 150.
Columnaris ndi mawonekedwe a chipilala. Chomera chimakhala ndi chopanda matalala, chimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 150, ndi mainchesi 30 cm. Pa mphukira zomwe zikukwera pali singano yayifupi, pansi pake ndi yobiriwira, ndipo kumtunda kuli ndi mzere wa buluu.

Palinso mitundu yambiri yamitundu ndi mitundu ya mitundu iyi: Horstmann, Element, Nana Aurea, Meyer, Pyramidilis, Repanda, Sentinel, etc.

Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana), kapena "mtengo wa pensulo"

Mtengo wabwinobwino wotere umatha kutalika pafupifupi 30 mita. M'malingaliro achichepere, korona amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a dzira, kenako pang'onopang'ono amayamba kufalikira chifukwa cha nthambi zambiri zokhala ndi malo ambiri. Thunthu la mulifupi limafikira mita 1.5. Khungwa lomwe limatulutsa limakhala lofiirira. Ma singano ang'onoang'ono, ochepa kapena owoneka ngati buluu amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Pakatikati, zipatso zopindika zimafikira masentimita 0,6, zimakhala ndi mtundu wamtambo wakuda komanso pachimake mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1664.

Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wamtunduwu ndi Blue Arrow. Ili ndi mitundu ingapo: Yokhala ngati pini, woboola pakati komanso wopindika. Ena mwa iwo ndi Gray Oul, Glauka ndi Boscle Perple, omwe ali ndi singano za buluu, Robusta Green ndi Festigiata - masingano ndi amtambo wobiriwira, Kanaertia - singano zobiriwira zakuda, Silver Sprider - singano zobiriwira-zasiliva.

Juniper chozungulira kapena chotseguka (Juniperus horizontalis)

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, izi zimatha kupezeka ku Canada ndi United States. Imakonda kukula m'mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, komanso m'mapiri. Mtunda wokwawa uwu utali kutalika ukhoza kufika pafupifupi 100 cm. Imakhala ndi nthambi zazitali zokhala ndi mphukira wautoto wakuda, wopaka utoto wobiriwira. Singano amatha kukhala wobiriwira kapena wabuluu, koma nthawi yozizira imawoneka ngati bulawuni. Pakatikati, zipatso zimatha kufika masentimita 0,9, zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi wabuluu komanso kukhudza kwamtambo wonyezimira. Mtunduwu wabzalidwa kuyambira 1840. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:

Andorra Phula - Wolima izi amatha kutalika masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Danga la korona ndi pafupifupi masentimita 100, ndipo lili ndi mawonekedwe ooneka ngati mapilo. Nthambi mosakhazikika zimadzuka. Ma singano ang'onoang'ono, ofiira amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wakuda, koma nthawi yozizira amatembenukira.
Plumeza (Andorra Jupita) - kutalika koteroko kungafike mpaka theka la mita, ndipo m'lifupi - pafupifupi mamita 2.5. Nthambi zagona panthaka. Pa nthambi zooneka ngati nthenga pali singano zopindika. Singano amapaka utoto wonyezimira, koma nthawi yozizira amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Kalonga wa Wales - kutalika kwa chitsamba chokwawa ichi kumatha kutalika masentimita 30, pomwe korona amakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 250 sentimita. Makungwa ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Singano wakuda wamtambo nthawi yozizira imatenga tint yofiirira.

Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina)

Kutalika kwake, chitsamba chokwawa ichi chimatha kufikira ma sentimita 150. Chimakula msanga m'lifupi, chifukwa chomwe nthito zazitali zimapangidwa. Pocheperako nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi mitengo yofanana ndi mitengo, mitengo yake yolowera kutalika ikhoza kufika mita 4. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu iwiri ya singano zobiriwira zobiriwira, zomwe ndi: mu toyesa ana - mawonekedwe owoneka ngati singano, akuluakulu - scali. Chitsamba choterocho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ngati mungachikulile ndi singano ya paini kapena mphukira, mutha kununkhiza fungo labwino. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo ili ndi sabinol (mafuta ofunika a poizoni). Kupangidwa kuyambira 1584. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

Kapressifolia - kutalika kwake, chitsamba chosasunthika chimatha kufika theka la mita. Ili ndi korona wambiri. Mphukira ndi lotseguka, kufutukula kuchokera pachokhazikapo chomera ndikuwuka. Ma singano akhungu ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Singano nthawi zina amabwera pansi pa korona.
Chachikazi - kutalika kwake, mtengowu umafika masentimita 150, ndipo korona wake umakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 500. Mtundu wa khungwa ndi lofiirira, pomwe pamtambo ndiye wobiriwira. Singano za Scaly zimanunkhira zosasangalatsa komanso zapoizoni, zopaka utoto wakuda.
Mas - chitsamba chachitali chitha kutalika kuchokera pa sentimita 150 mpaka 200, pomwe korona amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mita 8. Mtundu wa khungwali ndi wofiirira. M'munsi mwa chisoti chachiwongola dzanja, masingano okhala ndi singano amtundu wobiriwira, ndipo kumtunda - imvi.

Chinese Juniper (Juniperus chinensis)

Uwu ndi mtengo wokhala ndi korona wa piramidi, womwe umafikira mamita 8 mpaka 10. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala chitsamba chomwe chimakanikizidwa pansi kapena kugona. Khungwa lomwe limatulutsa limakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo masamba ake amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Masamba ake ndi operewera, koma pansi pa korona kapena m'mayimidwe ang'onoang'ono pali singano za spiny. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Stricta - mbewu yopyapyala yokhala ndi nthambi zolimba. Nthambi zimayanjananso ndikukula. Mphukira zachindunji ndizifupi. Masingano a singano, kumtunda ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo m'munsi mwake mumakhala ngati wokutidwa ndi hoarfrost. M'nyengo yozizira, singano amapaka utoto wachikasu.
Olimpiki - Iyi ndi mawonekedwe yopapatiza. Nthambi zokhwima, nthambi zazifupi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya singano: scaly kuwala buluu komanso singano owoneka ngati buluu.
Japan - mawonekedwe amtunda, zokwawa, komanso keglevidnoy, kutalika kwake kufika masentimita 200. Nthambi zazifupi ndizofowoka. Tsamba lakuthwa kwambiri.
Gold Coast - kutalika, shrub yotere imatha kufika masentimita 100, pomwe mainchesi korona ndi 300 sentimita. Singano ndizachikaso zachikasu, zimayamba kuda kutacha ikadzafika.

Mwala wa juniper (Juniperus scopulorum)

Malo omwe mbewu zoterezi zimachokera ku North America. Malingaliro akuimiridwa ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo, womwe umafikira kutalika kwa 18 mita. Korona umayamba pafupifupi kuchokera kumunsi ndipo umakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi makulidwe a 15 mm, zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira kapena wamtambo wonyezimira. Mwambiri, singano zopota zimapezeka, koma palinso masamba owoneka ngati singano. Pamaso pa zipatso zakuda zamtambo pali kuwombera kwa mtundu wamtambo. Mitundu yotchuka:

Ulemu ndi chitsamba zokwawa. Panthambi zotsika pali nthambi zokhala ngati nthenga zomwe zimathamanga. Kutalika kwa masamba a singano ndi pafupifupi masentimita 0,5, kumtunda kwawo ndi kwamtambo, ndipo pansi pake ndi kobiriwira.
Springbank - kutalika kwa msambo wopyapyala koteroko kuli pafupifupi masentimita 200. Nthambi zake zapamwamba zimasinthasintha komanso kutalikirana mbali ina iliyonse, ndipo nsonga za mphukirazo zimakhala pafupifupi zosefera. Ma singano ooneka bwino ali ndi mtundu wa siliva wonyezimira.
Skyrocket - Wokhala wamtali wa Chidatchi wokhala ndi chizolowezi chopapatiza. Zaka za mbewuzo zikafika zaka zitatu, ndiye kuti kutalika kwake kudzakhala kofanana ndi 10 metres. Pali mphukira mwachindunji ndi singano zobiriwira.

Scaly Juniper (Juniperus squamata)

Mtunduwu umasiyanasiyana, ndipo umaimiridwa ndi chitsamba chobiriwira, chomwe chitha kutalika masentimita 150. Mtundu wa khungwa ndi wakuda. Singano zolimba, zakuthwa, zokhala ndi lanceolate ndizobiriwira zakuda pansi pake, ndipo pamwamba pake zimakhala ndi zoyera chifukwa chamamba am'mimba. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi wakuda. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1824. Mitundu yotchuka:

Nyenyezi ya buluu - Kutalika, mtedza wa Dutch umafikira masentimita 100. Kutalika kwa korona wakuda wa mawonekedwe a semicircular ndi pafupifupi masentimita 200. Singano ndi yoyera-yabuluu, imawoneka bwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe.
Meyeri - mawonekedwe okongoletsa chitsamba. Pomwe mbewuyo ili yaying'ono, imabala nthambi zambiri, ndipo kutalika kwa chisonyezo chokulirapo kumasiyana kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 metres. Masingano ndi oyera kwambiri oyera.
Rodery - shrub yomata imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owondera. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 150. Masamba ofupikira a singano ndi akuthwa mokwanira, ndi amtambo pamwamba komanso obiriwira pansi.

Juniper sing (Juniperus x media)

Wosakanizidwa izi ndi chifukwa chodutsa ma junipers aku China komanso Cossack. Mu chitsamba ichi, mphukira za mawonekedwe owoneka ngati arc ali ndi malekezero opusa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya singano: mkati mwa korona, imapangidwa ndi singano, ndipo ina yonse ndi yopindika. Mukukula, imakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, koma umakhala mumdima pakapita nthawi. Kutalika kwa mbewu zachikulire ndi masentimita 300, pomwe m'lifupi ndi masentimita 500.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Mint Julep. Ichi ndi chitsamba chobisika, chodziwika ndi kukula msanga. Maonekedwe a korona ndi wavy. Pazaka khumi, kutalika kwa chomera ndi masentimita 150, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 300. Popeza kukula kwa khungubwe ndi kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kamabzalidwe m'minda yayikulu ndi m'mapaki.

Zomwe zimapangidwanso monga mitundu monga: Daurian, kunama kapena kutsika, Cossack wabodza, oblong, Sargent, Siberian, olimba, Turkestan. Komanso mitundu ina ya mitundu ndi mitundu.

Katundu wa Juniper

Kuchiritsa katundu

Kwa nthawi yayitali chomera choterocho chimawerengedwa kuti ndi mankhwala ochizira matenda aliwonse. Mphukira zazing'ono, mizu, imatengedwa ngati mankhwala, koma nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ma cones. Mizu yake imathandizira kuchiza chifuwa, matenda a m'matumbo, matenda a pakhungu, ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Chomera chimachotsa kupweteka kwa dzino, kutupa, zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, kuchotsa njira zotupa m'mapapu ndi bronchial, kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikuchotsa kudzimbidwa. A decoction a nthambi amachitira diathesis. Singano ali ndi mphamvu ya antibacterial, yomwe imakhala yolimba kuposa mbewu zina. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso kumaphatikizapo ma carbohydrate, sera, shuga, utoto ndi ma tannins, ma organic acid, mavitamini, chitsulo, manganese, mkuwa, aluminium ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe ali ndi choleretic, antimicrobial, diuretic komanso expectorant. Ma compress amapangidwa kuchokera ku decoction ya chipatso pazolumikizidwa zowonongeka, ndipo zimawonjezedwa pakusamba ndi rheumatism ndi gout. Msuzi wotengedwa pakamwa umathandiza kukonza chilakolako chakugaya chakudya, kumathandizira kulekanitsa kwa bile ndikuwongolera kuyenda kwamatumbo.

Chinsinsi cha decoction ya zipatso: kuphwanya supuni yayikulu ya zipatso ndikuwonjezera 200 magalamu a madzi ophika kumene. Lolani kuwira kwa mphindi 10. Msuzi uyenera kupukusidwa kwa mphindi 30, kupsyinjika.