Apple tizirombo ndi njira zowongolera

Gawo 1 1. Fungal and virus virus of apple apple
Gawo 2. Kuteteza mtengo wa maapulo ku matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya
Gawo 3. Tizilombo ta Apple - njira zoyendetsera

Yesetsani kuteteza mitengo ya maapulo ku tizirombo titha kugawidwa m'magulu:

yophukira-yozizira
kasupe-chirimwe.

Mtengo wa apulo

Ntchito yozizira-yozizira kuteteza mitengo ya maapulo ku tizirombo

Tizilombo tambiri timazizira m'nthaka. Ena amabisala mumasamba ogwa ndi namsongole. Chifukwa chake, nthaka pansi pa mitengo ya maapulo imamasulidwa ku namsongole ndi masamba adagwa, zipatso zopukutidwa. Amapanga feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu ndikuwakumbira masentimita 10-20, kuti asawononge mizu ya mitengo.

M'nyengo yozizira, tizirombo tambiri tomwe timagwira ndi mbewa, mavu ndi dzuwa lowala.

Kuti apulumutse mitengo ikuluikulu pakuwotcha masiku a chisanu (makamaka mitengo yaing'ono ya apulo), amayeretsedwa ndi yankho la chitsulo chadongo chatsopano. Copper sulfate ndi guluu zimawonjezeredwa ku osakaniza kuti azitsatira bwino. Mutha kuwonjezera zida zilizonse zokonzera tizirombo ndi matenda.
Pamitengo yakale, malamba osaka amaikidwa kutalika kwa 30 mpaka 40 cm, kuwaikika kumtengowo ndi guluu wapadera wa mbozi, yemwe suuma pakapita nthawi. Amadzola masentimita 30 mpaka 40 a tsinde ndi nthambi za mafupa mu Marichi-Epulo. Tizilombo todzutsidwa timadziphatika kumata ndipo timafa, kuphatikizapo nyerere.
Kuchokera pakusiyana kwa nyengo yozizira komanso kutentha kwa masika komwe kumapangitsa kuti makungwa achichepere asemphane, amatseka kumwera, ndipo pakati komanso kumpoto, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yaying'ono yamatenthetsa ndi ruberoid, burlap ndi zida zina. Mu mbande zazing'ono, pogona chimakwirira tsinde ndi nthambi za mafupa (nthawi zina mpaka pamwamba).
M'nyengo yozizira, mbewa zimayambitsa tizirombo tina. Iwo kuwononga mizu, kudziluma ana makungwa. Mabala amatenga kachilomboka, mtengowo umadwala ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono umafa. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, mbewa ziyenera kukhala ndi poizoni. Nyambo ya poyizoni imakonzedwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha mbewu iliyonse ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Onjezerani osakaniza a 50-70 g a mafuta a mpendadzuwa (kumapangitsa kudziphatikiza), 70-100 g wa poizoni kapena mankhwala ena ali ndi poizoni, sakanizani bwino ndikugona panja kapena m'deralo pambuyo pa mamita 3-4. mitengo imafa (kuti isaomberedwe ndi mphepo) kuziteteza ku mbalame.
M'nyengo yozizira, pambuyo pa chipale chofewa nthawi zonse, muyenera kupondaponda chisanu mozungulira mozungulira thunthu. Mwambowu udzachepetsa kupezeka kwa mbewa kulima.
Zaka zaposachedwa, kugundana kwakubzala, komwe nthawi yozizira imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu, makamaka kwa mitengo yaying'ono. Amatha kuthana ndi kutentha komwe kumakutidwa ndikutchingira makungwa achichepere. Chitetezo ku ma hares - gridi ya Rabitsa, yovalidwa ndi chivundikiro pamwamba pamatenthedwe pafupifupi 1 mita kutalika. Kuyambira pansi, ukondewo uyenera kukumbidwa pansi.

Mtengo wachinyamata wadyedwa ndi mavu. © Karl Foord

Munda uliwonse uyenera kukhala ndi chakudya, nyumba zopikira mbalame, zokopa mbalame. Amathandizira kwambiri pakuwonongeka kwa tizirombo mu nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe.

Ntchito yotentha ndi yotentha kuteteza mitengo ya maapulo ku tizirombo

Chapakatikati, mundawo umakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yochepa, ndikofunikira kuchita ntchito yambiri m'mundamu ndikukonzekera mbewu zamasamba

Zambiri komanso njira zodzitetezera

Onaninso mitengo ya maapulo ija. Timachotsa zisa zokhala ndi tizirombo, timayeretsa mitengo ikuluikulu ya khungwa lotseguka, titsekera m'maenje ndi ming'alu mu khungwa, kudula azungu kapena kupaka utoto.
Ndi isanayambike nyengo yofunda, timachotsa kuthengo, kukonza zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kuwononga tizirombo ndi matenda, ndikuziyika m'chipindacho mpaka kugwa.
Timachotsa malamba osodza ndikuwotcha. Kuti titeteze mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yosatha, nthambi za chigoba ndi mitengo yamitengo yaying'ono kuchokera ku dzuwa lowotcha, timabwerezanso kuthyolako powonjezera mankhwala onunkhira a mankhwala onunkhira a dichlorvos, BI-58 ndi ena, omwe amakopa tizirombo. M'malo mwaimu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito choko, emulsion yamadzi kapena zinthu zina zomwe sizingapangitse kuyaka kwa makungwa ang'onoang'ono kuti mutete mitengo yaying'ono. Pakasakaniza kupukutira, mutha kuwonjezera nitrofen pamlingo wa 200 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Mankhwala amagwira polimbana ndi mazira a tiziromboti. Yankho lomweli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiritsa korona wa mitengo ya apulosi musanaphule.
Tikamaliza kuphimba, timayamwa guluu wapadera wotsutsa njirayo ndikukonza malamba atsopano osakira, kuwachiritsa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Nyerere ndi tizirombo tina tidzafera m'mabhande osaka komanso panjira yolimbirana. Chapakatikati timalowetsanso malamba osaka m'masiku 10-12. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimayaka.
Ndi kuyambika kwa kutentha, kufalitsa filimuyo pansi pa korona zamitengo yopanda masamba, gwedezani nthambi zamitengo ndi mtengo wokulirapo. Kutentha kwa + 6- + 9ºС, kuzizira kozizira chifukwa cha kuzizira ndi ma sawflies kumakawaza zinyalala. Zimangosungidwa ndikuwononga tizirombo. Ntchito yomwe yachitika ikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo m'mundamo.

Mitengo yoyera ya masika yamitengo ya apulo. © NPS

Mitundu ya tizirombo pa mitengo ya maapulo

Tizilombo kulingana ndi njira yobweretsera mbeu tigagawika m'magulu awiri: kuyamwa ndi kukukuta.

Kuti kuyamwa tizirombo Mulinso zina zomwe zimakhazikika pazomera ndikuyamwa juwisi kudzera pama punctures, zomwe zimalepheretsa chikhalidwe chokhala ndi zakudya zapamwamba (nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, tizilombo tambiri, ntchentche zamakhola, cicadas, pennies.

Kudulira tizirombo idyani masamba, mazira, masamba, maluwa, mphukira zazing'ono ndi mizu. Kudya tating'onoting'ono tambiri tambiri timene timayambitsa matenda, zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri pazomera. Gululi limaphatikizapo mbozi za agulugufe osiyanasiyana, kafadala, kachikena, barbel, Mayulu, May, etc.

Kuyamwa tizirombo (nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche za masamba, tinnitsa), kubereka mwachangu, kupanga mitundu yoyambilira ya masika akuluakulu, yomwe ndi epiphytoties imaphimba achinyamata masamba, mphukira zobiriwira ndi masamba ophukira m'magawo angapo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika ya njuchi, "mame a uchi" amakhala okha. Madzi okoma ndi chakudya chomwe mumakonda mwa nyerere komanso malo abwino osakira a saprophytes. Nyerere, kudyetsedwa ndi mame a uchi, mosadzipereka ndiwonyamula ambiri fungal matenda.

Samalani ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. © Amy Grant

Maluwa asanafike komanso pomwepo, mphutsi zamphongo zimakonda ma aphid ndi utitiri, ndipo zitatha maluwa ambiri ngati mitengo ya maapulo, mphutsi zauve komanso wowoneka bwino amaoneka ngati mazira. Amayenda ndi mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazikazi ndikudya zakudya zamadzimadzi. Zotsatira zake, mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimatha kufa, ndipo m'minda zazikulu zobala zipatso, panthambi zokhazokha zauma.

Njira zowongolera tizirombo tomwe timayamwa pamitengo ya apulo

Njira zowongolera tizirombo tomwe timagawidwa amagawidwa kukhala agrotechnical (adakambirana m'nkhani ili pamwambapa), mankhwala ndi wowerengeka. Kusaka tizirombo tina tachilombo chilichonse sikugulira ndalama zambiri komanso sikovuta. Kukonzekera kwazinthu zamakachitidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Zikuchulukana ndimiziridwe ya chikhalidwe, iwo, limodzi ndi poyizoni wazomera, amalowa m'matumbo a tizirombo ndikupangitsa kuti afe.

Makina ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala polimbana ndi tizirombo

Mankhwala amafunika kusamala kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azithandizo azomera ndikofunikira potsatira malangizo ndi malangizo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonza nthawi yoyeserera, pambuyo pake zipatsozo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu chakudya. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwira ntchito yovala zodzitchinjiriza, nyengo yofunda, ndibwino kumata. Mukamaliza ntchito, sinthani zovala ndikusamba.

Tisanatulutse, timapopera mitengo ndi chisoti cha mitengo ya maapulo ndi nitrophene. Timakonza yankho pogwiritsa ntchito 200 g ya mankhwalawa pachidebe cha madzi. Nitrofen amawononga mazira azilombo omwe anaikidwa mu michere yazomera zamera kuchokera nthawi yophukira.
Imathandizanso musanapemphe impso mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira ya DNOC ndi kuchuluka kwa 100 g pa 10 l yamadzi.
Mu gawo la kutupa kwa impso, musanayambe maluwa, ndikofunikira kupopera ndi thanki yosakanikirana ya HOM ndi Fufanon, malinga ndi lingaliro lomwe lidaphatikizidwa.
Mwa mankhwala a systemic omwe amawononga m'mimba am'mimba oyamwa tizirombo, amakhala othandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche zamasamba, nkhonya zamkati, zipsera zabodza, rovikurt, karbofos, benzophosphate.

Zomatira zophatikiza kuti muteteze mitengo ku tizirombo

Mankhwala atsopano amatulutsidwa omwe amasankha modzipereka komanso pagulu lonse laanthu omwe akuyamwa:

Kutentha kwa dzuwa kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuthana ndi nkhupakupa ndi zovala zoyera pamagawo onse a mtengo wa apulo;
Nisaran, Borneo samangowononga mphutsi zokha, komanso mazira azilombo. Mukakonza mitengo itha kulowa m'malo mwa nitrofen;
styrap amachita motsutsana kangaude;
actara, zachinsinsi zimawononga nsabwe za m'masamba;
Mospilan ndi kutchuka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso ogwirizana ndi kuwononga mazira, mphutsi ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe motsutsana ndi tizirombo toyamwa

Kunyumba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe (bioinsecticides) kuteteza mitengo ya maapulo ku tizirombo. Zilibe vuto kwa achibale, ziweto ndi zopindulitsa tizilombo (njuchi). Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yakula, kuphatikizira kukolola.

Maziko a bioinsecticides ndi miyambo yamoyo ya microflora yopindulitsa, yomwe mkati mwa moyo imawononga tizirombo, kukhazikika mthupi lawo.

Mwa ma bioinsecticides pochizira mbewu, boverin, phytoverm, actofit, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, ndi bicol amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri. Mlingo ndi nthawi ya mankhwalawa zimawonetsedwa kwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi malangizo ndi malangizo. Dziwani kuti bioinsecticides imaphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pamtengowo pakumwa.

Ma nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma whiteflies zimawononga bwino verticillin.
Bitoxibacillin ndi bicol mwachangu amachita ngati nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude.

Bioinsecticides amakhala achilengedwe komanso ogwirizana. Amayambitsa kuphedwa kwa tizirombo tomwe timayamwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo, okhala ndi mitundu ya mtundu wa neurotoxin, amayambitsa ziwengo ndi kufa kwa mitundu ya akulu. Ma Bioinsecticides amakhala ndi nthawi yofupikitsa ya tizirombo ndipo amafuna mankhwala ochulukirapo pafupipafupi. Komabe, thanzi limakhala lokwera mtengo!

Kudulira tizirombo pa mtengo wa apulo

Mosiyana ndi tizirombo woyamwa, matenda a chinzonono amavulaza mitengo ya maapulo, kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zopatsa mphamvu komanso zochulukirapo chakudya. Gululi limaphatikizapo kafadala, kachikumbu ka impso, kachilomboka ka maluwa, kachikumbu ka masamba, weevil, nutcrackers, barbel. Njenjete zosanjidwa zimasanja kuwonongeka kwa zipatso, ndipo agulugufe ambiri ndi omwe amapanga kwambiri mbozi zomwe zimatha kuwononga mbewuyi munthawi yochepa. Tizirombo tambiri timakonda kuwononga mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa tokha (zipatso zovunda, masamba ogwa, nthambi, kudulira, makungwa, ndi zina). .

Njira zodzitetezera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Mankhwala

Kuti muteteze tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwalawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oyimira oyamwa - kalbofos, benzophosphate, actara, decis, fastak.

Trichloromethaphos amalimbikitsidwa motsutsana ndi sawflies ndi njenjete zamigodi. Pamodzi ndi ena onse a mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi njenjete yoyala, Rovikurt ndi Zolon ndi othandiza.

Zachilengedwe

Mwa zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ndi phytoverm yodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi kusankha kwa tiziromboti, actophyte, aversectin-C, avertin-N amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino motsutsana ndi nematodes, mbozi mu magawo oyamba a chitukuko, nkhupakupa.

Yang'anani!
Mankhwala onse ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la munthu.
Mankhwala atsopano atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posakanikirana ndi tank (kuyesa kofananira ndikofunikira).
Zinthu zachilengedwe zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamaliza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumachepa nthawi. Mankhwala omaliza sayenera kuchitika pasanadutse nthawi yoyamba kucha zipatso kapena mwezi umodzi kuti mukolole.

Kupachika misampha ya bio pa mitengo ya maapulo

Pomaliza, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mu milandu yambiri, mankhwala omwewo, omwe ali ndi mankhwala komanso majeremusi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuyamwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Osachepera apo, mitengo ya maapulo imakhudzidwa ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa tizilombo, chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo motsutsana ndi munthu m'modzi, mumateteza mitengo ya maapulo kuti isapume. Chofunikira kwambiri pakutetezedwa bwino ndikukhazikitsa malangizo ndi malingaliro pazogwiritsira ntchito.