Wamtundu wocheperako wa mbewu monga cotyledon (Cotyledon) ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la Crassulaceae. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa pakati pa mitundu 10 mpaka 40 ya mbewu zabwino. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka ku Arabian Peninsula, ku Ethiopia ndi South Africa.
Chizindikiro cha oimira amtunduwu ndi kukula kwake kocheperako (kawirikawiri kutalika kwake kupitilira masentimita 150), osalimba kwambiri koma omwe amakhala ndi zitsamba zomwe zimayenderana pakapita nthawi, komanso masamba owoneka bwino. Timapepala totsalira tokhala ndi masamba amtunduwu kapena opanda masamba, pomwe timasamba totsatizana timtundu uliwonse pa mphukira yomwe ili pakona madigiri 90 mpaka yapita.
Chomera chimatulutsa chilimwe. Pakadali pano, maudindo akuluakulu komanso amtali obowoka amawonekera kuchokera pamwamba pamitu. Amanyamula ma umbellate inflorescence. Maluwa akutsika, ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mabelu. Pali calyx yokhala ndi masamba asanu ndi ma corollas asanu. Ma stamens mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 10 zomwe zili mkati mwa corolla, ndipo sizituluka kunja. Cotyledon limamasula kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Maluwa atatha, mabulogalamu omwe adakhazikitsidwa amayamba kukhwima, momwe muli mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe.
Kusamalira cotyledon kunyumba
Chomera sichimasiyanitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chake chotsimikizika.
Kupepuka
Cotyledon imafunikira kuunikira kowala ndi dzuwa mwachindunji, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikonde zenera loyang'ana kumwera kuti ikayikidwe. Komanso, maluwa oterewa amakula nthawi zambiri pamawonekedwe akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, koma pamenepa mwina sakutulutsa.
Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti pali kuwala pang'ono ndi mizere yayitali komanso mbale zamitundu.
Njira yotentha
M'chilimwe, mmera umakhala bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri 18 mpaka 20. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi ino pamafunika kupenyera ndege pafupipafupi. Ndikwabwino kusamutsa kumsewu (m'munda, pa khonde) nthawi yachisanu.
M'nyengo yozizira, chomera chabwino choterocho chimafunikira kuziziritsa (kuchokera madigiri 10 mpaka 15). Ngati chipindacho chikuzizira, ndiye kuti chomera, monga lamulo, chimadwala - masamba ake amakhala ofewa komanso owopsa. Zima nyengo yozizira sichimavomerezeka kwa cotyledon, chifukwa pamenepa mwina singayambe maluwa.
Momwe mungamwere
Chomera chizolowera nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kutsirira kumachitika mosamala. M'chilimwe, muyenera kuthirira madzi pokhapokha gawo lapansi litakhala louma. Ndi nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumatha kusiyidwa kwathunthu. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuthiriridwa madzi monganso nthawi yotentha.
Ngati madzimadzi achepetsa dothi, izi zimathandizira kuti mizu ndi tsamba liwonongeke.
Madzi ozizira ndi madzi ofunda firiji, omwe izi zisanachitike ayenera kukhazikika.
Chinyezi
Imakula nthawi zambiri ndipo imakhala ndi chinyezi chaching'ono mnyumba yanyumba. Samafunikiranso kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya munjira iliyonse.
Zambiri Zakutha
Sichifuna kupanga zopondera. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsina mwadongosolo mbewu zazitali kuti tilepheretse kukula.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Dothi loyenera liyenera kukhala lamiyala, lotayirira komanso losadzaza ndi michere. Pokonza dothi losakaniza, muyenera kuphatikiza pepala ndi dongo-tinthu tating'onoting'ono, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi mchenga wopendekera, ndikuzitenga zofanana. Muyeneranso kuthira mafuta ochepa ndi mafuta mumafupawo.
Pakubzala, mutha kugulanso dothi lopangidwa kale ndi cacti ndi ma sapulents, koma muyenera kuthira dothi lolimbidwa ndikuwonjezeramo.
Feteleza
Chomera choterocho sichofunikira konse. Chifukwa chake, mu nthawi yophukira-yophukira adzafunika mavalidwe atatu okha kapena anayi. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wapadera wa cacti. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa kumayima.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Popeza duwa lotere limamera pang'onopang'ono ndipo silikhala ndi mizu yayikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri silofunikira kuuwukitsa. Kuti ndiyofunika kufesa mbewu, chisoti chachifumu chimalimbikitsa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mulifupi mwake wakhala wokulirapo kuposa mulifupi wa chidebe, ndiye kuti ndiofunikira kuti mupangire kena kena mumphika wokulirapo. Chifukwa chake, zofanizira zachikulire zimasinthidwa, monga lamulo, kamodzi pachaka 3 chilichonse, ndipo achichepere nthawi zambiri.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ndi zodula ndi mbewu. Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa mu nthawi ya masika ndikutsatira ndendende malangizo omwe ali phukusi. Mbeu zimamera bwino, koma pamafunika khama kuti munthu wamkulu azilinganiza kuchokera mmera.
Kufalitsa ndi kudulidwa ndikosavuta kwambiri. Amabzalidwa mumchenga wouma wouma wosalala. Mizu imayamba, nthawi zambiri pakatha milungu 4.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mealybug imatha kukhazikika pachomera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachotsa thonje lomwe limanyowa ndi mowa. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa, gwiritsirani ntchito mankhwala othandizira.
Ngati nyengo yachilimwe ili m'munda, ndiye kuti nkhono zimatha kukhazikika. Pankhaniyi, ndibwino kuti musalole chidebecho kuti chikumanane ndi dimba kapena mbewu zina.
Kukana zokwanira matenda. Komabe, zowola zimatha kuwoneka chifukwa chothirira kwambiri.
M'chilimwe, gawo la masamba limatha kugwa, zomwe sizachilengedwe.
Chenjezo Mitundu yambiri, kuphatikiza iyo yomwe imamera m'nyumba, ili ndi zinthu zapoizoni wamphamvu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi duwa mosamala, ndikusankha malo omwe sangathe kwa ana ndi nyama.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mitundu inayi yokha ya mbewu zotere ndi yomwe imakonda kwambiri amalimi.
Cotyledon wozungulira (Cotyledon orbiculata)
Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri alimi. Chitsamba ichi, chomwe chimakula kuthengo, chimatha kutalika masentimita 90-130. Masamba osalala ali ndi dzira losiyanasiyananso, lomwe limafotokozeredwa kuti ndi mbali-zitatu. Kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 7 mpaka 13. Pamaso pa masamba ndi mphukira pamakhala utoto wokuyera wa sera, ndichifukwa chake mbali zosalembetsedwa za tchirezi zimapakidwa utoto wamtambo wamtambo wakuda. M'mphepete mwa pepalalo papepala muli utoto wa burgundy. Maluwa ofiira ofiira ndi ochepa kwambiri, chubu ya corolla imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 1-2. Amayikidwa pautali (kutalika mpaka masentimita 60), peduncle wakuda, wopentedwa mu burgundy. Zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa achikasu zimapezeka.
Wavy cotyledon (Cotyledon undulata)
Chitsamba ichi ndichopangika, kotero kutalika kwake sikudutsa theka la mita. Masamba owoneka bwino ali ndi m'mbali mwamphepete, choncho ali ofanana kwambiri ndi ma scallops. Mtunduwu umakhalanso ndi kuyera komanso kupyapyala pang'onopang'ono kwa sera pamwamba pamasamba ndi masamba oyambira, chifukwa amatenga mtundu wa imvi. Pamwamba pa duwa la burgundy maluwa, kutalika kwake kungafike masentimita 25, pali zingwe zoyera. Mtundu wa maluwa amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku lalanje kupita wachikasu, pomwe chubu ya corolla imafika kutalika kwa mamilimita 16-18.
Cotyledon anamva (Cotyledon tomentosa)
Ichi ndi chaching'ono kwambiri pamitundu yonse, kotero kutalika kwake kungasiyane ndi 10 mpaka 15 cm. Mtunduwu umadziwika pakati pa ena ambiri chifukwa chakuti pamtunda, m'malo mwa utoto wa sera, pamakhala kunenepa kwambiri. Masamba a puffy, abuluu a ovoid kumtunda ali ndi mano ofanana ndi zibwano. Kutalika kwa pepala la pepalalo ndi masentimita 2,5, ndipo m'lifupi ndi mainchesi 1.2. Maonekedwe a mbewu yotereyi adalimbikitsa maonekedwe a dzina lachiwiri - "bere paw". Maluwa a Bell amapakidwa utoto wofiirira.
Lady Smith (Cotyledon Ladismithiensis)
Mitundu monga Cotyledon Lady Smith (Cotyledon Ladismithiensis) ndiyofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Chizindikiro chake ndi kupepuka kwa siliva. Palinso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi masamba opindika.
Cotyledon cacaloid (Cotyledon cacalioides)
Chitsamba chotere ndi chotsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwake, monga lamulo, sikupitirira masentimita 20. Mizere, cylindrical, masamba obiriwira obiriwira otalika amafika masentimita 5-6. Ali m'gulu la masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala pamiyendo ikuluikulu. Phula limakhala lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 30 ndipo pali maluwa ambiri a lalanje, achikasu kapena ofiira.
