Phulusa laphiri

Phulusa la Mountain (Sorbus) ndi mtundu wazomera zamtundu wa Apple, womwe ndi woimira banja la Pinki. Malinga ndi zomwe zachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 80-100. Phulusa laphiri ndi lofiira, kapena wamba (Sorbus aucuparia) mtengo wamitengo ndi mtundu wa phulusa lamapiri, lakhala likufalitsidwa pafupifupi konsekonse ku Europe, Caucasus ndi Western Asia. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imafikira ngakhale Kumpoto Kumpoto. M'mapiri, phulusa laphiri lofiirira limamera ngati zitsamba, pomwe limakwera mpaka kumalire a zomerazo. Dzina lasayansi la genus "sorbus" limachokera ku chilankhulo cha Celtic, limatanthawuza "zowawa, tart" potanthauzira, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukoma kwa zipatso. Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini, lomwe limamasulira "mbalame" ndi "kugwira". Chowonadi ndi chakuti zipatso za mtengowu zimakonda kudya mbalame, chifukwa chake anthu amazigwiritsa ntchito nyambo.

Mtengo woterowo unali gawo la chikhalidwe cha Scandinavians, Slavs ndi Celts. Amakhulupirira kuti phulusa la kumapiri linali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Chifukwa chake, mtengowu udathandizira asitikali omenyera nkhondo, komanso woteteza ku ufiti ndi kudziko la akufa. Ngati mukuyang'ana chipatso cha mbewu iyi kuchokera pansi, chikhala chofanana ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zakale zachikopa zoteteza - nyenyezi yamiyeso isanu. Paukwati, masamba a mtengo wozungulira anaikidwa mu nsapato za banjali. Nkhuni zake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndodo zoyendera. Zomera zoterezi zidabzalidwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo, ndipo ngati ziwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, chinali chizindikiro choyipa kwambiri.

Zolemba za mtengo phulusa

Phulusa laphiri ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo womwe kutalika kwake sikupita mamita 12. Mawonekedwe a korona ndi ozungulira, pamwamba pa imvi yofiyira pali kufupika. M'mitengo ya akuluakulu, makungwa ake amakhala osalala komanso amtambo; ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena imvi. Masamba osasanja omwe amakhala osanjikizika nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 20, amapanga timapepala tating'onoting'ono 7 mpaka 15 tili ndi m'mphepete mozungulira, kutsogolo kwawo kuli matte, kubiriwira, ndipo mbali yolakwika imapakidwa pamithunzi yopepuka ndipo imakhala ndi kupindika. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amasintha mtundu wake kukhala utoto wofiira ndi wagolide.

Ma inflorescence omaliza omaliza a corymbose ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 10; amakhala ndi maluwa oyera ambiri omwe ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Chipatsochi ndi chipatso chotsekemera cha mtundu wofiirira, womwewo umafika 10 mm. Mtengo wotere umamasula mu Meyi ndi June. Zipatso zimacha bwino masabata otsiriza a nthawi yachilimwe kapena yoyamba - m'dzinja.

Mukabzala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chikhalidwe choterocho chimakumana ndi mavuto osaneneka a utsi ndi mpweya, komanso kuthira madzi ndikusokosera pansi.

Mtengo wa phulusa laphiri umadziwika ndi kutanuka komanso kuuma, ndikosavuta kwambiri kuukonza. M'masiku akale, ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga runes ndi spindles. Zipatso za chikhalidwe ichi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira utoto wopangira nsalu.

Kubzala Rowan poyera

Popeza mtengo wa phulusa wamapiri ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti uwubzalire m'malire a mundawo, chifukwa sizingayambitse kugwedezeka kwa malowo. Dothi labwinobwino (chopepuka kapena chapakatikati chomwe chimasunga madzi bwino) ndioyenera bwino, koma phulusa lamapiri limathanso kulimidwa panthaka yopanda chonde. Kubzala ndikulimbikitsidwa mu kasupe asanayambike kuyamwa, kapena kugwa - nthawi yagwa. Kuti muthere zipatso zabwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi pamalowo.

Pogula mbande, kupenda bwino mizu yake kuyenera kupangidwa, samalani ndi chidwi chakuti ziyenera kukhala zathanzi komanso zopangidwa bwino. Mizu yokhazikitsidwa ili ndi nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu, zomwe zimafikira kuposa mamitala 040. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugula mmera wokhala ndi mizu youma komanso yopepuka. Yang'anirani khungwa, siliyenera kukhala lopindika, koma m'malo mwake losalala. Dulani khungwa pang'ono pa chomera, ngati mkati mwake muli bulauni, mmera ukhoza kukhala utafa. Mu chomera wamba chokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Asanabzale, chomera chimayenera kukonzedwa, chifukwa ndikofunikira kudula onse ovulala, owuma ndi owonongeka ndi matenda zimayambira ndi mizu. Ngati phulusa la paphiri libzalidwe kugwa, ndiye kuti masamba onse odulidwa masamba ake, pomwe muyenera kuyesetsa kuti musavulaze impso zomwe zili m'machimowo.

Pakati pa mbande, mtunda wa 4 mpaka 6 wa mawonedwe, mtunda womwewo uyenera kuchokera phulusa laphiri kupita mitengo ina m'mundamo. M'litali mwake ndi kuya kwa dzenjelo kumasiyana madera 0.6 mpaka 0.8. Musanabzale, konzekerani dothi losakanikirana lomwe lingakhale ma kilogalamu 5 a topsoil ndi kompositi, magalamu 200 a superphosphate, mafosholo awiri atatu a manyowa ovunda ndi magalamu 100 a phulusa lamatabwa. . Sakanizani zonse bwino. Thirani 1/3 ya dzenje ndi dothi losakanikirana, kenako theka lake liyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi loterera. Kenako malita 10 amadzi amathiridwa m'dzenje. Yembekezani mpaka madzi atalowa mu dothi.

Mizu ya chomera iyenera kumayikidwa mu dothi, kenaka imayikidwa pomwepo pakati pa dzenje la maziko, lomwe limakutidwa ndi dothi kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba kapena ndi zodaliridwazo zakusakaniza kwa dothi. Mbewu ikabzalidwe, nthaka yoyandikana nayo iziyenera kupunthwa, kenako imathiriridwa bwino. Mtengowo uyenera kubzalidwa mozama 20-30 mm kuposa momwe unakulidwira mu nazale. Madzi atalowa kwathunthu mu thunthu bwalo mutatha kuthilira, nthaka yake iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi la mulch (peat, udzu, utuchi, humus, udzu, udzu kapena zina zakuthupi), makulidwe omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira masentimita 5 mpaka 10.

Kusamalira phulusa

Pa kulima phulusa laphiri sichachilendo. Kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndikukula bwino kwa mbewu, ndikofunikira kuthirira, udzu, kumasula dothi munthawi yake, kudula, kudyetsa ndikuthandizira kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.

Mtengo woterowo umangofunika kuthirira kokha pakakhala chilala kwanthawi yayitali. Tizikumbukira kuti chomera chimafunika kuthirira movomerezeka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira komanso mutabzala mu dothi lotseguka, ndipo kwatsala masiku ena 15 mpaka 20 kututa kusanachitike, ndipo patatha masabata awiri atatha. Mphepete mwa thunthu, timalimbikitsidwa kupanga madzi omwe madzi amatuluka nthawi yothirira. Kuchokera malita 20 mpaka 30 amadzi amatengedwa pamtengo uliwonse pa kuthirira kamodzi, pomwe madzi omaliza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amatengera momwe dothi limapangidwira, komanso zaka za viburnum yokha.

Pamwamba pa bwalo la thunthu liyenera kumasulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi yachilimwe njirayi imachitika kuchokera 2 mpaka katatu. Komanso pansi pa thunthu la thunthu liyeneranso kumasulidwa litatha kukolola lonse. Njira yosavuta kumasula dothi tsiku litayamba kugwa kapena kuthirira. Mukamasula, muyenera kuchotsa udzu wonse wa udzu. Bwalo loyandikira pafupi ndi chimango litakhazikika, pansi pake liyenera kuphimbidwanso ndi mulch.

Kuti phulusa la kumapiri lipange zipatso zochulukirapo, afunika kudyetsa dongosolo. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha kukula, humus kapena kompositi imalowetsedwa m'nthaka pansi pa chomera - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 8 kilogalamu ndi ammonium nitrate - 50 g. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, ndowa 1 zamadzimadzi mbalame (1: 10) kapena mullein (1: 5) ziyenera kuthiridwa pansi pa mtengo. M'malo mwa feteleza wachilengedwe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la Agrolife. M'masabata aposachedwa, magalamu 100 a superphosphate ndi mamiligalamu 500 a phulusa lamatabwa akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzungulira thunthu.

Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira isanadutse impso. Ndikofunikira kudula mphukira zonse zouma zomwe zimayambukiridwa ndi matendawa ndikukula mkati mwa korona, komanso zomwe zimachoka kumanja. Mitundu yomwe imabala zipatso pamitengo ya chaka chatha ifunika kufooka ndi kufupikitsa pang'ono nthambi. Ngati zipatso zikuwoneka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso, ndiye kuti mitengo yotereyi imafunikira kupendekera kwakanthaŵi ndi kukonzanso kwa mphete, komanso kufupikitsa nthambi za mafupa.

Cholinga chofunikira kwambiri cha kudulira zipatso za mizera yoyera ndikungowalitsa korona wake, izi zimathandiza kwambiri pamtundu wa mbewu. Chifukwa chakuti mtengo wotere umakhala ndi korona wa piramidi, nthambi zimamera pachimake mpaka pamtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosalimba. Popanga nthambi za chigoba, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuonetsetsa kuti akuwonetsedwa pamalo ofunikira kapena kumanja.

Ngati mbewuyo ilikukula pang'ono, ndiye kuti ifunika kudulira odana ndi ukalamba. Zimapangidwa pamatabwa a zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, chifukwa chomwe kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano kumayendetsedwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

M'mwezi wa May kapena June, muyenera kupenda phulusa la paphiri, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe zizindikilo zoyamba za matendawa kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo zovulaza zitha kuonekera. Chomerachi chikutha kutenga nthenda zotsatirazi: anthracnose, septoria, bulauni ndi imvi malo owoneka, powdery mildew, monolioz, nkhanambo, dzimbiri, necrosis (wakuda, nectrium ndi cytospore) ndi virion mphete. Ngati mbewuyo idabzalidwa yathanzi kwathunthu, kwinaku mukubzala ndikuisamalira, malamulo onse aukadaulo wa zaulimi achikhalidwechi amawonedwa, ndiye kuti phulusa lamapiri silingadwalidwe konse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitengo yofooka yokha yomwe imatha kutenga matenda. Komabe, ngakhale pali chilichonse, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana phulusa la phirili, kuti, ngati kuli kotheka, chithandizo chanthawi yake chimayamba.

Mtundu uliwonse wa necrosis, komanso wamatsenga, ndi matenda osachiritsika. Pankhaniyi, tiyenera kuyesera kuti mtengowo usadwale konse, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ndikofunikira kuchita njira zingapo zodzitetezera. Ndikofunikira kutenga malingaliro mosamala pakusankha kubzala, malowo adzafunika kukonzekera kubzala, cholinga chake ndicho kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso, maonekedwe a tizirombo tonyamula ma virus, tifunika kuwachotsa mwachangu, komanso ndikofunikira kuti bwalo la thunthu limakhala loyera nthawi zonse. Musaiwale kuchita mayeso amthawi ndi phulusa la kumapiri, chifukwa matenda aliwonse ndiosavuta kuchiritsa poyambira chitukuko.

Phulusa lamapiri limakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo monga zikhalidwe zina za banja la Pinki (mitengo ya apulo, plums, mapeyala). Komanso, zizindikiro za matenda ndi njira zakuchira ndizofanana.

Pafupifupi mitundu 60 ya nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina zovulaza zomwe zimayambitsa tsinde, zipatso, nthangala, masamba, maluwa ndi masamba a mtengo zimatha kukhazikika phulusa laphiri. Zambiri mwa tiziromboti zimatha kukhazikika pazipatso zosiyanasiyana za mabanja a Pinki. Nthawi zambiri pamtengo phulusa paphiri amakhala:

1. Zida. Karbofos amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge.
2. Bark kachilomboka. Kuti muwachotse, mmera uyenera kuthiridwa ndi Confidor, Actara ndi Lepidocide.
3. Moth. Kuthetsa tizirombo timeneku, Karbofos, Chlorophos kapena Cyanox amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Rowan Gall Mites. Pomwe zimawonekera, mtengowo umapoperedwa ndi colloidal sulfure.
5. Rowan moths. Amawonongedwa ndi Chlorophos.
6. Green apulosi aphid. Chifukwa cha chiwonongeko chake, Decis kapena Actellik amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Zikopa. Mutha kuwachotsa ngati mutapopera phulusa lamapiri ndi 30 kuphatikiza.
8. Ma sawflies azipatso. Kuti awafafanize, amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru yoyera. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kuphatikiza 1 lita imodzi yamadzi ndi magalamu 10 a ufa wa mpiru, chilichonse chimasakanizidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa maola 24. Musanagwiritse ntchito, kulowetsedwa kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 5.

Popewa tizirombo, mtengowo umafunikira kuwaza pamasamba masamba asanayambike kutuluka, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mkuwa wamkuwa (magalamu 100 pa ndowa 1). Kumwaza phulusa la paphiri komanso pamwamba pa bwalo loyandikira ndi Nitrafen, lomwe limachitika mchaka, limathandizanso. Komanso, pofuna kupewa kugwa, ndikofunika kutola masamba onse kuchokera pamalowo ndikuwawononga, pomwe dothi lomwe lili mumtengo limakumbidwa.

Kufalitsa kwa Rowan

Pofalitsa phulusa lofiira paphiri, gwiritsani ntchito njira yobala zipatso ndi kupanga zipatso. Mitundu ya phulusa lamapiri nthawi zambiri imabadwa kuchokera ku njere. Kufesa mbewu zopangidwa m'dzinja. Poyamba, amachotsedwa pamitengo ndikutsukidwa kuchokera kuzotsala zamkati, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyikidwa m'manda m'nthaka ndi 0,5-1 masentimita. Kuchokera pamwambapa, pamwamba pa mbewu muyenera kuphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza mulch (masamba owuma). Ngati seeding ikukonzekera masika, afunika stratation. Kuti muchite izi, zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wowuma pamiyeso (1: 3), osakaniza amasungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda kwa masabata 4-8, kenako ndikukhazikika pachitofu chosunga firiji chopangira masamba kwa miyezi 3-4. Mbande zomwe zimawoneka zimafuna kuthirira komanso kudula mwadongosolo, komanso kumasula dothi loyazungulira. Kuika mbande ku sukulu kumachitika m'dzinja. Kubala mtengo, womwe umakula ndi njira yobala, kumayamba zaka 4-5.

Pofalitsa zofunika phulusa lamapiri am'mapiri, njira zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo: kudula wobiriwira ndi lignified, Ankalumikiza, kugawa ndi mphukira. Monga chitsa cholumikizira kumtengowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge Nevezhinskaya, wamba kapena Moravian rowan mmera wobzalidwa. Katemera ayenera kuperekedwa m'masiku oyamba a Epulo, pomwe kutuluka kumayambira pafupi kuyamba, komanso mu Julayi kapena August. Chotsani chovalacho patatha masiku 20. Pamwamba pamatumba ayenera kudulidwa, pomwe zonyoza ziyenera kutsalira. Ku spike iyi, ndipo muyenera kupanga chida chamakono chokulira.

Ngati phulusa la kumapiri limakhala ndi mizu, ndiye pongofalitsa, mphukira itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zodulidwa zobiriwira sizizika mizu bwino, pafupifupi 4- 6- 6 mwa zodula 10. Ndipo zodula mizu zoipitsitsa kuposa zobiriwira.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya phulusa la mapiri wokhala ndi chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Wamaluwa amalima phulusa lamapiri ambiri. Zambiri mwa mitunduyi ndi zipatso, koma palinso zokongoletsera.

Sorbus wamkuluberry (Sorbus sambucifolia)

Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Japan ndi Khabarovsk Territory, komanso ku Sakhalin, Kamchatka ndi zilumba za Kuril. Chitsamba chochititsa chidwi ichi chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 250. Korona wosawoneka bwino kwambiri amatha kukhala wozungulira kapena wovoid. Zoyala zowongoka zosadetseka zakuda zofiirira zimakhala zokutira pamtunda, nthambi zimachita imvi ndi mphodza zapadera. Masamba osadulidwa amtali amatalika masentimita 18 ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate. Kuphatikizika kwa masamba a masamba kumaphatikizira timapepala tating'onoting'ono tokhala 7 mpaka 15 ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndiwowoneka bwino komanso osabisala, omwe ali pamtundu wa mitundu yofiirira. Ma inflorescence ophatikizika a corymbose amakhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 15 mm ndi mtundu woyera kapena wotuwa wofiirira. Pamaso pa nthambi ndi ma pedicel ndi kuwala kwa mtundu wofiira. Zipatso zodziwika bwino zili ndi mtundu wofiirira wambiri komanso wozungulira m'maso mwake, ali ndi mainimilimita mamilimita khumi ndi kakang'ono ndi kakomedwe kabwino komanso wowawasa. Alinso opanda kuwawa komanso amanunkhira bwino kwambiri. Zipatso sizitha kugwa kuchokera m'nthambi mpaka isanayambike. Chomera sichikugwirira nthaka, ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi chilala ndi chisanu.

Mountain phulusa Glogovin (Sorbus torminalis), kapena mankhwala

Kuthengo, zamtunduwu zimapezeka ku Crimea, Western Europe, Caucasus, Southwestern Ukraine ndi Asia Minor. Phulusa lamapiri ngati limeneli silimakula m'magulu akulu kwambiri kapena mwayokha.Kutalika, mtengo wotere umatha kufika 25 metres. Thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi kutumphuka kwamtambo wakuda, komwe kumakhala ndi ming'alu yayitali. Pa wachikulire mphukira za maolivi. Masamba osavuta owoneka ngati mazira amafikira masentimita 18 m'litali, m'munsi ali owumbika mtima komanso ozungulira, amawonganso, kuchokera pamwamba pali kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 masamba. Pamaso pake pali masamba obiriwira, ndipo mkati mwake muli ubweya waubweya. M'dzinja, mtundu wa masamba amasintha kukhala wachikasu kapena lalanje. Wamasula corymbose inflorescence, ofika mainchesi 8, ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi 10 mm) maluwa oyera. Zipatso zowola, zomwe zimafikira mainchesi 1.8, zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wamalanje, womwe pang'onopang'ono umasanduka bulauni. Thupi la Mealy limakhala ndi kukoma komanso kowawasa. Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu, koma umasiyana pakumala chilala. Pali mawonekedwe awiri okongoletsa:

• masamba a pubescent;
• yokhala ndi masamba oundana.

Phulusa la Mountain (Sorbus domestica), kapena phulusa lalikulu lamapiri (Crimea)

Pansi pazachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka kum'mwera kwa Western Europe ndi Crimea; umakonda kumera m'nkhalango zachonde zokhazokha mozungulira kapena m'magulu. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikufika kutalika kwa 15 metres. Maonekedwe a korona ndiwophatikiza-piramidi kapena pozungulira. Khungwa lomwe limakwirira thunthu limaphatikizika kale mumera wachichepere. Koma zimayambira zimakhala zopanda kanthu, zosalala komanso zonyezimira. Kuphatikizika kwa maula osapangika a masamba ophatikiza, ofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 18, kumaphatikiza ma glossy osalala, timapepala totsogoza tokhala ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate, opaka utoto wobiriwira komanso wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 50 mm. Mitengo yamitundu yayitali kwambiri ya piramidi, yokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi masentimita 10, imakhala ndi maluwa pomwe imafikira 15 mm ndipo imapakidwa penti yoyera kapena yapinki. Zipatso za Oblong ovoid kapena peyala zooneka ngati peyala, zomwe zimafikira mainchesi 30 mm, zitha kupakidwa utoto wonyezimira, wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, wokhala ndi zotsekemera zonunkhira, zonunkhira bwino, zophatikizira maselo ambiri. Zomera zotere sizigwirizana ndi tizirombo, chilala ndi chisanu. Pali mitundu iwiri:

• peyala;
• apulo woboola pakati.

Sorbus aria (Sorbus aria), kapena aria, kapena powdery rowan

Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka ku Carpathians komanso m'mapiri a Central ndi Southern Europe. Kutalika kwa mtengo wamtali kotereku pafupifupi mita 12. Maonekedwe a koronawo ndi ponseponse. Thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi khunguwa lofiirira kapena lofiirira, pamwamba pa thunthupo pamamveka kupindika. Khungu lonse lathunthu lazinthu zowoneka bwino m'mphepete mwa lakuthwa-bicapillary. Potsegulira, masamba ake amakhala oyera, kenako masamba akumaso amakhala obiriwira. Mu nthawi yophukira, mtundu wamasamba amasintha kukhala osiyanasiyana amtundu wamkuwa, chifukwa cha izi, phulusa lamapiri limayamba kufanana ndi alder. Zishango, zomwe m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 8, zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera. Masamba odyetsa m'mimba mwake amafika 15 mm, amapaka utoto wofiirira kapena wapinki lalanje. Pulamu wowawasa wowawasa siwokoma ngati zipatso zamtundu wazipatso. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1880. Pali mitundu ingapo yaminda:

1. Decaysne. Maluwa ndi masamba a fomu iyi ndi okulirapo.
2. Zotheka. Mawonekedwe a mapalawo ndi amaso kapena odutsa. Zipatso za mtengowu ndi zokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mitundu yayikulu.
3. Chrysophyll. Nthawi yonseyi, masamba amapaka utoto wachikaso. Mukugwa, imakhala yachikaso chamafuta.
4. Manifix. Potsegula, masamba ake amakhala oyera ngati chipale, ndipo nthawi yotentha imakhala yobiriwira. Mukugwa, mtundu wawo umasandulika kukhala bronze. Zipatso zofiira pamtunda zimakhala za m'mawonekedwe oyera.
5. Zambiri. Kutalika kwa chomera chotere ndi pafupifupi 15 mita. Sipanga zipatso.

Phulusa la mapiri osakanizidwa (Sorbus x hybrida)

Chomera ichi ndi chosakanizira phulusa lamapiri apakati komanso phulusa laphiri lofiira. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka kumpoto kwa Europe. Magawo a masamba ovuta amaphatikiza mitengo yosavuta ya cirrus ndi timapepala totsatsira. Kutsogolo kwa masamba ake ndi kobiriwira komanso kopanda, ndipo mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi imvi kapena yoyera. Wamaluwa amangoonjezera umodzi wosiyanasiyana - mtundu wa Thuringian, womwe umapezeka popewa phulusa la mapiri ozungulira ndi phulusa. Mumtengowu, kuyerekeza ndi mzere wozungulira, masamba omwe amapezeka pamasamba samadulidwa kwambiri, pomwe amakhala owundana komanso ochulukirapo.

Phulusa paphiri wamba (lofiira)

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zamtunduwu kumapezeka kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi. Ali ndi mitundu yambiri yazodzikongoletsera, yomwe imasiyana pakati pawo mwa mitundu ya zipatso, mawonekedwe a korona ndi mtundu wa masamba, mwachitsanzo: Burka, zakumwa, makangaza, Michurin mchere, Russian, piramidi, akulira, Beysner, Nevezhinsky, Moravian, kapena wokoma, Fifeana, ndi ena. Mitundu yonseyi imasungabe mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino nthawi yonse yomwe ikula. Makamaka ayenera kulipira pamafomu awa:

1. Nevezhinskaya. Kunja, mitundu ndi mitundu yayikuluyi ndiyofanana. Zomera izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuti zipatso za phulusa la phiri la Nevezhinsky zilibe zowawa ndi zakuthambo, ngakhale sizinapsa, pomwe mitundu yayikulu imatha kudya kokha pambuyo poti zipatso zomwe zayamba kudutsa.
2. Phulusa paphiri Moravian kapena lokoma. Kupezeka mwachilengedwe ku Mapiri a Sudeten. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, masamba a masamba amakhala otseguka, ndipo maluwa a phulusa lamapiriwo amayamba patapita nthawi. Ma inflorescence nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 150. Masamba ofiira ofiira amakhala ndi zamkati zamtundu wa lalanje ndi kakomedwe kotsekemera.
3. Chovala. Mitundu iyi idabadwa chifukwa cha Michurin, chifukwa adawoloka chokoberry wakuda ndi phulusa lofiira. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi wakuda komanso wofiirira. Phulusa laphiri lino limakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri yozizira.
4. Grenade. Mitunduyi idabadwa chifukwa chodutsa phulusa lalitali ndi zipatso phulusa lofiira mu 1925. Kutalika kwa mtengo woterewu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 400. Masamba osalala, otuwa, osavuta okhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 17. Pamwambapa, masamba ali onse amodzi kapena ovoid, ndipo m'munsi amakanidwa ndi ma cirrus. Zipatso zotsekemera za Burgundy zimakhala ndi kukula kofanana ndi chitumbuwa. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu.
5. Burka. Inabadwa mu 1918 pamene kudutsa phulusa laphiri lofiirira ndi phulusa la mapiri a Alpine. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amakhala amisala ndipo amakhala ndi kufupika pang'ono. Zipatso zofiirira zofiirira zofiirira zimakhala zazing'ono kukula. Phulusa lamapiri limakhalabe lokongola kwambiri nyengo yonseyo.
6. Michere ya Michurinskaya. Ichi ndi chosakanizidwa pakati pa chakumwa cha phulusa cha kumapiri ndi medlar German. Kutalika kwa mtengowu ndi masentimita 300 okha, chisoti chachifumu ndichachikulu. Masamba osaphatikizika a masamba opindika amafika masentimita 18 m'litali, amakhala ndi masamba 6 kapena 7 a masamba obiriwira, kumbuyo kwake komwe kumatuluka pang'ono. Zipatso zofiira zazing'onoting'ono zakuda ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zipatso za medlar. Mtengowu umakhala ndi zokongoletsa zambiri komanso chisanu.

Wamaluwa amalimanso mitundu ya phulusa yamapiri monga: yosakanizika, yapakatikati, kapena Chiswidi, alder, Köhne, Vilmorena, Amur ndi ena.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya phulusa lofiira paphiri

1. Kumwa. Zomera ndizovomerezeka. Zipatsozo ndizaphikidwe ndipo zimakoma chimodzimodzi ndi cranberries.
2. Mafuta. Mitundu ya zipatso zokoma imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukana chisanu. Cholinga cha mitundu iyi ndi tebulo komanso mchere. Zipatso za mtundu wa pinki-chikasu ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri.
3. Solar. Zosiyanasiyana ndizokhazikika zipatso. Zipatso zokhala ndi lalanje zokhala ndi blush yotsekemera ndizosangalatsa komanso zatsopano, komanso zokhala ndi shuga.
4. Sorbinka. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola komanso kukana chisanu. Zipatsozo zimakhala zofiira komanso zazikulu, zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera.

Mitundu yotere ya phulusa lofiirira yaphokoso imakhalanso yotchuka kwambiri: Kirsten Pink, Mtundu Wofiyira, Kapeti wa Golide, White Max, Shimi Glow, Leonard Springer, Fastigiata, Integrima, Germany, Titanium, ndi zina zambiri.

Phulusa lamapiri mumapangidwe

Phulusa la mapiri popanga mawonekedwe amatha kuchita mbali yachiwiri kapena yofunika. Zimbudzi ndi zipilala zokongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe akukulira kwa rowanberry, zimabzalidwe pa udzu kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalangoyi kutali ndi mitengo ina, monga chomera chayokha.

Chomera choterocho chimawoneka ngati chachikulu pagulu ndi zitsamba zina ndi mitengo, mwachitsanzo, nkhumba, spirea, sitiroberi kapena barberry. Phulusa la kumapiri limayenda bwino ndi ma conifers (thuja, pine, fir kapena spruce). Makamaka kugwa, mukayang'anizana ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira mitengo ya coniferous, phulusa lokongola lokhala ndi mapiri limawoneka bwino kwambiri.

Komanso mbewu izi zingabzalidwe pamodzi ndi mitengo yabwino: linden, popula wakuda, mapulo, phulusa ndi msondodzi woyera. Mitundu yambiri ya phulusa lamapiri imatha kutsindika momwe viburnum, phulusa lamapiri lamapiri, honeysuckle ndi maluwa opindika. Kuchokera pachitsamba chopingasa mungathe kupanga hedeni, pomwe maluwa osatha adzaoneka bwino. Kusankha malo oti abzale chikhalidwe chotere, munthu asaiwale kuti chimakumana ndi mavuto kwambiri kumzimu wowoneka bwino komanso wovuta wokhala m'mizinda.

Chuma cha phulusa lamapiri: kuvulaza ndi maubwino

Zothandiza phulusa laphiri

Pali mavitamini C ofiira ambiri m'mizere ya zipatso, amapezeka kwambiri kuposa mandimu. Zipatsozi zilinso ndi mavitamini P, B2, PP, K ndi E, komanso proitamin A, glycosides, amino acid, pectins, kuwawa, ma tannins, organic acid (presinic, citric ndi malic), flavonoids, ayodini, potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo , mkuwa, manganese, zinc, ma alcohols, mafuta ofunikira komanso osasunthika. Zipatso zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi diaphoretic, heestatic, choleretic ndi diuretic kwenikweni. Ku Norway, chomera chotere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati machiritso a zilonda komanso kupindika, ku Hungary imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda osokoneza bongo, ku Bulgaria miyala imachotsedwa impso ndi zipatso.

Popeza pali mavitamini ambiri mu zipatso, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mkhalidwe wa thupi ndi matenda ashuga, impso ndi chiwindi, kuchepa magazi, zotupa, matenda am'mimba, makamaka ndi gastritis, colitis ndi zilonda zam'mimba.

Madzi a phulusa la m'mapiri amathandizira chidwi, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kupweteka kwamisempha, kutopa, miyala ya impso komanso chikhodzodzo. Madzi amtunduwu amatha kuthana ndi edema, kusintha kagayidwe, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, kuletsa kutaya magazi ndikukhala ndi zotsatira zoyambitsa matenda. Madzi ena akuwonetsedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mu gout, atherosclerosis, asthenia, kusayenda kwa capillaries, matenda oopsa, arrhythmias, magazi ndi zotupa zoyipa, komanso ndi poyizoni wa carbon monoxide.

Kuchiritsa kumapezeka m'maluwa, makungwa, masamba ndi zipatso za mtengo phulusa. Hypertension amathandizidwa ndi decoction wa khungwa, pomwe scurvy tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga mankhwalawo masamba, popeza ali ndi vitamini C wambiri (kuposa zipatso). Kukonzekera kwa maluwa ndi zipatso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda am'mimba, chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic komanso chimfine.

Chomera chotere chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kunja chifukwa cha mabala, zotupa zosiyanasiyana, zoyaka ndi ma warts.

M'makampani opanga ma confectionery, zipatso zosaphika zamkati, zomwe ndi multivitamin, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maswiti, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, vodika, kudzaza ndi ma tinctures, marmalade, marmalade, jelly, pastille, kusunga ndi zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi.

Chodzikongoletsera chokwanira cha zipatso za ma rollan chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a Chowona pofuna kuchiza matenda am'mapapo am'minyama.

Kupititsa patsogolo thanzi m'mawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chakumwa kuchokera phulusa lamapiri, lomwe limakhala ndi zinthu zazikulu. Madzulo, mu thermos ya 3-lita, muyenera kuthira supuni yayikulu ya zipatso zatsopano kapena zouma zamkati, barberry ndi m'chiuno. Imadzazidwa ndi madzi atsopano owiritsa ndi kutsekedwa mwamphamvu. Tiyi amayenera kuledzera kuyambira m'mawa mpaka chakudya chamadzulo, ndiye kutsanulira madzi otentha mu thermos, dikirani mpaka chakumwa chikuperetsani, ndikumwa kachiwiri. Mukamwa kachiwiri, mutulutsire zipatsozo, ndikuphwanya ndi kuziyika mu thermos yatsopano ndi madzi owiritsa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso chimodzi katatu.

Contraindication

Zipatso za Rowan ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena matenda opha ziwalo, komanso matenda a mtima komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magazi. Komanso, osavomerezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi acidity yam'mimba kwambiri.