M'minda ya Middle Kingdom, loosestrife kapena Chinese maula anali atalima m'zaka za zana la 13. Kwa nthawi yayitali, chikhalidwe chatsimikizira kusasinthika kwake, kuuma kwambiri komanso nyengo yachisanu. Kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana zaufumu, mitundu yachi China yoberekera idasinthasintha malinga ndi madera akumapiri akumpoto ndi madera akum'mwera.
M'madera otentha, mitengo imakula mpaka 8-12 metres, ndipo zipatso za ma China plamu zimatha kufika 80-100 magalamu. Kumpoto, ku Manchuria, kwawo kunapangidwa mitundu. Ussuri plum sangathe kutchedwa kuti-wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, koma siwotalika kwambiri ndipo amalekerera nyengo ya chisanu popanda kutayika.
Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa chikhalidwecho kuphatikizana ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu zidakopa chidwi cha obereketsa. Masiku ano, ma hybrids ndi mitundu yozikidwa pamabungwe a ku America ndi ku Europe, maula a chitumbuwa ndi zipatso zina zamiyala apezedwa.
Kuyang'ana momwe ma plum amatulutsa, ndizosatheka kuti tisazindikire kukongoletsa kwake. Popeza masamba otseguka kwambiri amasonkhanitsidwa pang'ono inflorescence, kasupe mitengo imawoneka yoyera kapena yapinki. Kukucha plums kumangokhala ngati nthambi zochulukirapo, zomwe, kutengera mitunduyo, zimatha kukhala zachikasu, zofiirira kapena zofiirira.
Kukongola kwa Plum Manchurian
Mu theka loyamba la zaka zapitazi, mbande zamtunduwu zidabweretsedwa ku Soviet Far East. Mitengo yochokera ku Manchuria, yophatikiza katundu wa ma plamu achi China ndi Ussuri, adzipangira bwino. Amawonetsa kuuma kwambiri kwa dzinja, kulekerera bwino chilala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwa chipatso.
Kuyambira 1947, maula akhala akulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi nyumba zabanja kuchokera ku Far East kupita ku West Siberian. Ndipo lero mitengo yamapula yaku Manchurian ili m'minda mdziko lonselo, kuphatikiza gawo lake ku Europe.
Zomera zokhala ndi tsinde yaying'ono komanso wandiweyani, zomwe zimafuna kudulira korona nthawi zonse, zimayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira asanatuluke panthambi, maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono amawululidwa pamaluwa.
Kututa kumachitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Zipatso za maulamu amitundu iyi zachi China zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, popanda msoko wowoneka, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15. Amber peel pa nthawi yakucha imakutidwa ndi khunyu wakuda komanso utoto wa sera wamtambo. Zosiyanasiyana zimavoteledwa ngati chilengedwe, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukoma kosangalatsa ndi kirimu wowawasa komanso kununkhira kowoneka bwino kwamkaka wamtambo wamtambo wobiriwira.
Mukakulitsa plums, kukongola kwa Manchurian kuyenera kukumbukiranso kuti mitunduyi ndiyodzilimbitsa, ndipo kuti kukolola kwabwino pafupi ndi kumeneku kumafunikira mitengo yoyendetsa mungu.
Chapakatikati, pamakhala chiopsezo cha madontho am'madzi pa tsinde. Kotero kuti mitengo yaying'ono siyimayima ndipo imatha kuzika mizu kumpoto, ndikofunikira kubzala maula kumapeto.
Plum Alyonushka
Mitundu iyi yokhala ndi zipatso zofiira, zokonzedwa ku Central Black Earth Region ndi madera akumwera, imapezeka kuchokera kudutsa mitundu yambiri ya Red Ball ndi Chinese mkazi.
Mitengo yotalika mpaka mamita 2.5 ndi yotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi makolo awo ochokera ku China, koma osati wandiweyani ngati abale awo a Ussuri. Kuwululidwa koyera, komwe kumatengedwa m'mitundu itatu inflorescence isanayambike kuwoneka masamba obiriwira ndipo kugwera koyambirira kwa Meyi. Maso, obovate imachoka ndi malo osalala, opanda gloss yopanda mawonekedwe a ovary.
Maulamu osiyanasiyana Alyonushka amadziwika kuti ndi canteen. Zipatso zokutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira zakuda zimafika magalamu 35 ndipo zakonzeka kutolera mkati mwa Ogasiti. Ubweya wa lalanje umakhala wapamwamba kwambiri, wokhala ndi msuzi wambiri komanso fungo labwino. Kununkhirako ndikokoma komanso wowawasa, kosangalatsa. Ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yotentha ndi dzuwa, ndipo chisamaliro cha maula chimapatsa mtengowo chilichonse chofunikira, kusinthika kwa chipatso kumakhala bwino. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, thupi la zaka zoyambirira sizimapeza shuga wokwanira ndipo limawoneka ngati madzi.
Monga mitundu ina, maula aku China awa amayamba kubala zipatso molawirira kwambiri. Thumba losunga mazira loyamba pamtengo limapangidwa mchaka chachitatu cha moyo, koma popanda kupukutira maluwa kutulutsa nthawi yomweyo, simungathe kudikirira mbewuyo.
Kudzidalira sindiye kungobwezera. Alyonushka kuchokera kuma plums onse amtunduwu amathandizira nthawi zambiri komanso amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa nsabwe za m'masamba.
Plum Skoroplodnaya
Mitundu yoyambirira yotsekemera ndi chifukwa chodutsa ma plamu a Klimaks ochokera ku America ndi Ussuri wofiira kusankhidwa kwanyumba. Mtengo waulimi wa Skoroplodnaya wachikulire uli ndi kutalika kwapakati komanso korona sakhala wolimba kwambiri. Chapakatikati, sabata lachiwiri la Meyi, maluwa akuyamba. Ma ovari amapangira nthambi zamaluwa. Pamodzi ndi iwo amawoneka otalika, opanda masamba, masamba obiriwira opepuka.
Mu theka loyamba la Ogasiti, ozungulira, khungu lachikaso ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino zofiira zimacha. Ngati ma plamu akunyowa olemera pafupifupi 25-30 magalamu atagwa padzuwa, mtundu wofiirira wautoto wake umakhala waukulu. Mnofu pansi pa khungu loonda ndi wachikaso pakhungu ndi pakati-wandiweyani, wowutsa mudyo. Mtundu wamafuta a ku China uli ndi shuga komanso fungo labwino la zipatso.
Ma plums onunkhira samasungidwa bwino komanso kunyamulidwa, koma ndi abwino mwatsopano. Tsoka ilo, izi sizimangofunika kupukutira pamtanda, komanso mosakondera ndi zokolola. Koma kale mchaka chachitatu, mbande zimayamba kubala zipatso ndipo sizikhala zaka zoposa 20.
Plum Skoroplodnaya imalekerera nyengo yapakatikati bwino, sachita mantha ndi chilala ndipo mitundu yambiri, limodzi ndi ma plum osakanizidwa, ndiye pollinator wabwino kwambiri.
Chipangano cha Plum
Kukongola kwa Plum Manchurian
- zofunikira kwambiri kwa obereketsa. Pamaziko ake, mitundu yambiri idapezeka kuti ilimidwe ku Russia. Mu 2004, ma plum a Testamente anaphatikizidwa ku State Record, omwe ali ndi chiyambi chomwecho ndipo adalimbikitsa madera a Volga-Vyatka.
Mitengo yotalika mpaka 4 metre kwa nthawi yoyamba pazaka zinayi, ndipo pachaka imatulutsa zokolola zambiri zaka 30. Komabe, kuti izi zitheke, kudulira kotsutsana ndi ukalamba kuyenera kuphatikizidwanso chisamaliro cha maula ndi mitundu yoyendetsa mungu mungu wobzala pafupi. Chikhalidwe chimaletsa matenda, koma chimafuna kutetezedwa ku tizirombo.
Maluwa kumapeto, kuyambira khumi zapitazi za Meyi, sikuti ndi maluwa okha, komanso mphukira za kukula. Pamodzi ndi thumba losunga mazira, masamba obiriwira amdima amtundu wa China maula amawonekera. Kutula kwa zipatso zachikasu zolemera mpaka magalamu 30 kumayamba kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Dzuwa likugwera pama plums limapaka chikopa pakuwaoneka ngati pinki komanso carmine. Amkaka wandiweyani wowoneka bwino amakhala ndi utoto wachikasu ndipo, nthawi yokolola, amapeza kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kotsukirako.
Zonunkhira zonunkhira bwino Chipangano chimatha kusungidwa ndikuchinyamula, kuchidya mwatsopano ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zopangira kapena zopangiramo zinthu zina.
Plum Sissy
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matebulo, yokondweretsa zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zofiira, idapezeka chifukwa chodutsa mitundu ya Chitchaina ndi maula a Skoroplodnaya.
Mosiyana ndi ma plums ena achi China, Sissy amalowa mu nthawi ya zipatso kokha mchaka chachisanu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala wodzala.
Masamba oyera, ophatikizidwa ndi inflorescence a 5 zidutswa, amawombedwa ndi maluwa. Maluwa amapezeka pakati pa Meyi, ndipo kupsa zipatso kumayambira sabata lachitatu la Ogasiti. Pafupifupi mozungulira wa Sissy amaphimbidwa ndi khungu lofiyira lopyapyala, pomwe amabisala thupi lonyezimira la chikaso chobiriwira. Ngakhale zipatso zokhwima bwino sizimasuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe ake azikhala bwino komanso kuti mbewuzo zizikhala zabwino. Kuyeza 25-25 magalamu a maula ndi abwino mwatsopano ndikupanga ma compote ndi kusunga.
Ubwino wa mitundu iyi ya China maula ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa dzinja kwa mphukira. Ngati chisanu ndikusokoneza mtengowo, ndiye kuti maluwa ndi maluwa amakula.
Plum zosiyanasiyana Red mbale
Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense amafuna zipatso zomwe zili papulamu kuti zisakhale zokoma zokha, komanso zokongola, zazikulu. Ma Plum osiyanasiyana Mbale wofiyira ndi zomwe mukufuna.
Mitengo 2-3 mamita okwera kwambiri imalowa mu nthawi ya zipatso kumayambiriro. Mbande zimamera ndipo zimapanga mazira oyamba mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu, kenako chaka chilichonse zimapereka nyumbayi kutchuthi chabwino cha zipatso zazikulu 30 mpaka 40. Ma plums okopa ndi khungu ophatikizika ndi sera wokutira ndi wachikasu, zamkati mozama kwambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a tebulo, amatha kunyamulidwa osasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira, pamodzi ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuwunikira ma Gold Ball maula, omwe amasiyana ndi omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zofiira ndi mitengo yayitali yobalalitsa ndi mtundu wowala wachikasu-amber wa zipatso zozungulira. Kulemera kwa ma plums kumafikiranso magalamu 40, komabe, ndi zipatso zazikulu, gawo la ovary limatha kuwonongeka, ndipo zipatso zotsalazo zimakhala zabwino. Kututa kumachitika pakati pa Ogasiti. Pakati pa mseu pali chiopsezo cha kuzizira kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba.
