Azarina

Chomera chamaluwa cha azarin (Asarina), kapena Maurandia (Maurandia), ndichotseka cham'tsogolo chokhala m'gulu la anthu olimawo. Komabe, palinso magwero ena pomwe akuti mbewu iyi imayimira banja la a Norica. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 15. Azarina akuchokera ku California, Mexico, ndi pakati United States. Koma kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 17, kutchuka kwa Maurandia kunayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo izi zidapangitsa kuti tsopano ikukula pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Pakatikati patali, izi osatha zimamera ngati chomera pachaka. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati lamulo, poima pakhomo.

Mawonekedwe a Azarina

Azarina wokwera ali ndi mphukira kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 3-7. Akuwombera amamangiriridwa pachithandizocho chifukwa chopotoza petioles. Mitengo yaying'ono yowala yobiriwira kapena masamba osakhwima imatha kutenthedwa kapena kukhala yolimba. Mawonekedwe awo ndi ozungulirazungulira, m'munsi mumakhala mawonekedwe, ndipo nsonga imalozedwa. Maluwa akuluakulu a axillary okhazikika amakhala okha, amapezeka paliponse mpaka mphukira yonse. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamaluwa ndi pinki, yofiirira ndi yofiirira, osati nthawi zambiri amatha kujambulidwa chikaso kapena choyera. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa a bicolor ndizosowa kwambiri. Kutulutsa kwa azarin m'masiku otsiriza a Juni, ndipo kumapeto kwa maluwa kumachitika mu Seputembala. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi, lomwe lili ndi maselo awiri, mkati mwake muli mbewu zazing'ono zozungulira.

Kukula azarin kukwera kuchokera mbewu

Kufesa

Kukwera kwa Azarina, monga lamulo, kumakula chifukwa cha mbande. Kuti maluwa ayambike kale mu June, kufesa mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yachisanu pafupifupi miyezi 2,5 mpaka isanu kuti ndikwaniritse mbande kukhala dothi lotseguka. Pofesa mbewu, osakaniza pansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito, wokhala ndi mchenga, humus, peat ndi sheet sheet (1: 1: 1: 1). Kusakaniza koteroko kumafunikira kutetezedwa, chifukwa ndi kwa mphindi 10. itayikidwa mu microwave, yomwe imaphatikizapo mphamvu zonse. Kenako nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi yankho lamphamvu la manganese potaziyamu, yomwe imayenera kukhala yotentha kwambiri, pambuyo pake imayenera kuloledwa kupumula kwa maola 24.

Tangi imadzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zonyowa komanso zonyowa. Pamwamba pake, ndikofunikira kugawa mbewu zomwe zimapanikizidwa pang'ono mu gawo lapansi ndikuwazidwa ndi theka la centimeter ya mchenga wowerengeka. Mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa kuchokera popopera mankhwala. Chotetezachi chikuyenera kuvekedwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikuyika malo ozizira (kuchokera madigiri 15 mpaka 20), ndipo musaiwale kuyambitsa mbewuzo tsiku lililonse, ndikuchotsa malo ogona kwa maola 2-3. Masiku 30, kenako ndikuyatsidwa kutentha.

Kukula mbande

Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, pogona pake pamafunika kuchotsedwa, pomwe botilo liyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino. Sankhani amapangidwa masamba awiri kapena atatu enieni atapangidwa pamitengo, chifukwa miphika ya peat iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomera zosinthidwa zimayenera kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo ndikupereka kuyatsa kwabwino. Pakadutsa milungu 1.5 kuchokera nthawi yomwe akutola, mbewuzo zifunikira kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la zovuta za feteleza wa mchere, mwachitsanzo, Zabwino. Pakadutsa theka lina mwezi, mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa yankho la Agricola. Kupitilira chakudya kumadalira mwachindunji Kukula kwa mbewu. Ngati kukula kwa azarin kuli pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti kuthira manyowa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kuyenera kuchitidwa, ndipo ngati mbewuzo zili ndi masamba ochepa kapena osafota, izi zikutanthauza kuti akufunika nayitrogeni.

Musanadzalemo azarin dothi lotseguka, ayenera kukhala owumitsa kwa milungu iwiri. Tsiku lililonse, mbande zimasunthidwa kumsewu, pomwe nthawi yake mu mpweya watsopano uyenera kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka itakwaniritsidwa mikhalidwe yatsopano.

Kubzala azarina kukwera poyera

Nthawi yoti afike

Mbewu za Azarin zimabzalidwa panthaka pokhapokha ngati kuzizira kwa chisanu kwatha, ndipo nthawi ino, monga lamulo, igwera theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Chomera choterocho chimakonda kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake malo omwe amasankhidwa kuti abzala ayenera kukhala otentha komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi kukonzekera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti masana, dzuwa litakhala lotentha, duwa loterolo limafunikira kumeta. Ndi bwino ngati dothi lopumira, lotayirira komanso lotakidwa madzi. Nthaka yosaloŵerera m'nthaka ndi yabwino kukulitsa azarines.

Momwe ingakhalire

Kuti zitsamba zikule ndikukula bwino, zimafunikira malo osachepera 0,6 m.Potengera ndi izi, mtunda wa 0.6 m uyenera kuyang'anidwa pakati pa mabowo. Mukabzala, muyenera kukhazikitsa thandizo, ma mesh a Chitsulo chokhala ndi maselo apakatikati kapena waya wolingidwa ndi zitsulo. Zomera zolimba ndikuvomerezedwa ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo.

Chisamaliro cha Asarin

Azarina amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, kotero, masiku otentha, owuma m'chilimwe amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi 2 kawiri patsiku (madzulo ndi m'mawa). Panthawi yothirira, timalimbikitsidwanso kuti ziphatikize masamba a chomera kuchokera kutsitsi, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi owiritsa ofunda chifukwa cha ichi. Nthaka pafupi ndi tchire liyenera kumasulidwa mwadongosolo, ndikudula udzu wonse. Kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi namsongole, pamalopo pamayenera kuphimbidwa ndi peat.

Chomera chimafuna kuvala mwadongosolo mwadongosolo. Kuti chomera chitchuke kwa nthawi yayitali maluwa atayamba kuonekera, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuvala pamwamba feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere, womwe makamaka umakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Zovala zoterezi zimapangidwa nthawi 1 m'milungu 1-1.5. Komanso, pakudyetsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la manyowa a nkhuku. Kuti pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali, musaiwale kutulutsa maluwa omwe anayamba kumera.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mbande za azarin zimatha kudwala khosi la muzu, kapena ndi mwendo wakuda. Monga lamulo, mbewu zimamera kachilombo kuyambira pomwe mphukira zimayamba komanso mpaka masamba 2 kapena 3 atakula. Mu mbewu yokhala ndi kachilombo, khosi la mizu limakhala lakuda, kutuluka kwa khungu lakuda. Pakupita masiku angapo, mphukira pamalopo imayamba kukhala yofewa ndikuthyoka, chifukwa choti mmera udagona. Zikadziwikanso kuti mbewuzo zili ndi kachilomboka, muyenera kuthira mbande zathanzi kukhala zosakaniza bwino ndi zotetezedwa bwino. Amatsukidwa m'malo otentha omwe amatetezedwa ku dzuwa. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala osakanikirana ndi fungicide (Bactofit, Maxim kapena Fitosporin), musaiwale kuwerenga zowerengera poyamba. Zomera zopatsirana ziyenera kuwonongeka.

Choopsa chachikulu cha azarins m'mundamo ndi ma aphid. Tizilombo toyamwa timayamwa madzi ochokera ku masamba, maluwa, mphukira, masamba ndi masamba. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo lonse la mlengalenga limasokonekera ndi kupunduka. Komanso, bowa wa sooty amatha kuwoneka pamtengowu chifukwa cha kufinya kwa m'masamba. Kuwononga tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo: Karbofos, kapena Fufanon, Akarin, Bankol kapena Actellik. Kuti muchotsere nsabwe za m'masamba, mbewu zizifunikira pakatha masabata 1-1.5 pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira, chothira mankhwala ndi tizilombo tosanso.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya azarin yomwe ili ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Kukwera kwa Azarina (Asarina scandens = Asarina semperflorens = Usteria scandens)

Mtunduwu umakonda kulimidwa ndi alimi. Mafotokozedwe ake atsatanetsatane amatha kupezeka koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

Milatho yoyera. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi oyera.
Joan Lorraine. Maluwa ndi ofiirira.
Chinsinsi cha Rose. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi pinki.
Chinjoka Chofiira. Maluwa amapaka utoto wofiira kapena wamagazi ofiira.
Buluu wamtambo. Maluwa a pakatikati apakayo amapaka utoto.

Azarina otseguka (Asarina procumbens = Antirrhinum asarina)

Dziko lokhalamo mitunduyi ndi gawo lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Spain komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa France. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu ndi Sierra Nevada. Mu mbewu yotere, kufalikira kwammbali ndikufalikira. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira otumbululuka obiriwira okhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6; ali ndi petioles kutalika komwe kumakhala kupindika. Kutalika kwa maluwa a tubular ndi pafupifupi 40 mm; mtundu wawo ndi wachikasu. Mitengo yachidule yoposa madigiri 15 sachita mantha ndi duwa.

Azarina antirrilotsvetkovaya (Asarina antirrhiniflora)

Kutalika kwa zimayambira zamtunduwu kumatha kukhala pakati pa 150 mpaka 250 sentimita. Mawonekedwe a tsamba laling'onoting'ono ndiwopangidwa ndi mtima. Maluwawo amakhala ndi mabelu amtunda wotalika, kufika kutalika kwa 30 mm, mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wamtambo wabuluu, wotuwa wofiirira, wofiirira kwambiri kapena yoyera. Pamwamba pa pharynx pali mawanga. Zomera zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, pomwe maluwa amatuluka ndi chisanu.

Azarina Barclaiana (Asarina barclaiana)

Malo omwe mpesa wamtengo woterewu ndi Mexico. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 350. Masamba owoneka ngati mtima ali ndi cholozera. Kutalika kwa maluwa owoneka ngati belu ndi 70 mm. Mtundu wawo umatha kukhala wa pinki, rasipiberi kapena wofiirira. Pharynx nthawi zonse imakhala utoto.

Azarina (Asarina erubescens)

Kutalika kwa mitengo yolimba ngati imeneyi imafikira masentimita 350, pomwe mothandizidwa nayo imatha kukwera mpaka kuposa masentimita 120. Kutalika kwa masamba velvety owoneka ndi mtima ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi pafupifupi 70 mm, ali ndi mawonekedwe a tubular komanso mtundu wopepuka wa pinki. Pamaso pa pharynx yoyera pali mawanga.

Azarina Purpusii (Asarina Purpusii)

Duwa loterolo limakhala ndi mphukira zambiri zopyapyala, kutalika kwake ndi 0.3-0.4 mamita.Mbale zokhala ndi masamba owoneka ndi mtima zimafika kutalika kwa 50 mm ndikukhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi mawonekedwe owumbika, kutalika kwa machubu awo ndi 50 mm. Mtundu wawo ndi carmine kapena utoto wofiirira.