Epiphyllum ndi wa banja la nkhadze. Ndi epiphytic cactus. Duwa ili pansi pa chilengedwe limatha kupezeka m'malo otentha a America ndi Mexico. Koma chowonadi ndi chakuti ma epiphyllums sakukhudzana kwenikweni ndi phyllocactus (masamba cacti) ndipo izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi mawonekedwe okula zipatso, maziko awo amakhala opindika, ndipo tsinde limakhala lofanana ndi masamba. Nthawi yomweyo, ma phyllocactuses amatchedwa ma hybrids, omwe amakhala ndi chiwerengero chambiri chomwe chimapangidwa pamaziko a epiphyllums omwe ali ndi mitundu ya genera yogwirizana. Zomera zoterezi ndi heliocersus (Heliocereus), nopalxochia (Nopalxochia), selenicereus (Selcnicereus), komanso zina.
Kufotokozera koyamba zamtunduwu kunapangidwa ndi Adrian Haworth, ndipo izi zinachitika mu 1812. Adapereka dzina la mtengowo, lomwe lili ndi mawu achi Greek omwe amatanthauza epi - "kuchokera kumwamba" ndi phyllum - "tsamba". Chifukwa chake, Adrian, titero, adatsimikiza kuti maluwa amapanga pachomera ichi mwachangu masamba. Komabe, awa sanali masamba, koma zimayambira (kusinthidwa).
Masamba okhala ndi maluwa okongola a duwa amenewa amakhala ndi miyendo, ndipo ma spines amapezekanso m'mbali zawo. Masamba awa amapangika m'miyala ya mphukira pansi pa areoles ndipo amawoneka ngati masikelo ang'ono. Maluwa onunkhira ngati maluwa ndiakulu ndipo amakhala ndi chubu chamaluwa chachitali.
Maluwa a chomera ichi amatha kukhala ndi utoto wosiyana, awa: kirimu, pinki, oyera, achikaso, ofiira okhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Palibe maluwa abuluu. Komanso chomerachi chimatchedwa "cactus-orchid".
Epiphyllum imatha kubala zipatso ngakhale kunyumba, koma kuti izi zitheke zimafunika kupukutidwa. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu kwambiri, zofanana kukula ndi maula. Pamaso pawo pamakhala timatumba, ndipo timayipaka utoto wobiriwira kapena utoto (kutengera mtundu wake wa maluwa). Zipatso izi zimatha kudyedwa, mnofu wawo umakhala ndi kukoma kwa sitiroberi-chinanazi.
Mitundu yayikulu ya epiphyllum
Epiphyllum serated (Epiphyllum crenatum)
Duwa ili ndi theka-epiphytic cactus. Kutalika kwa thengo kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 100. Ilinso ndi masamba owoneka ndi masamba komanso owonda kwambiri pambuyo pake, kutalika kwake ndi 0.7 m, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 4-10 sentimita. Palibe ma singano pa areoles, koma mtundu uwu wa epiphyllum blooms kokha usiku.
Epiphyllum acidic (Epiphyllum oxypetalum)
Duwa limatha kutalika kwamamita atatu. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthambi zake ndizitali kwambiri, ndipo kuchokera pansi zimalemekezedwa. Zoyala zazitali kwambiri (mpaka 10 cm) zili ndi malo akuluakulu m'mbali. Maluwa oyera ndi onunkhira kwambiri ndipo kutalika kwake amafika masentimita 20. Ndipo amakhalanso ndi chubu, pomwe pali mamba omwazikana. Mu maluwa awa, zipatso zimakhala zofiira. Palinso mitundu ina yophatikiza yomwe imasiyana m'maluwa ndi kukula kwake.
Epiphyllum Lau (Epiphyllum laui Kimnach)
Lithophytic komanso epiphytic cactus ikukula msanga. Mphukira zake zam'mimba ndizotalika 1 kapena 2 cm ndi 5 mpaka 7 cm. Duwa lili ndi singano 1 mpaka 5, bulau, chikasu chaubweya chomwe chimafika kutalika kwa 3-5 mm. Kutsegula kwa maluwa kumachitika nthawi zambiri madzulo, ndipo zimatha pakatha masiku awiri.
Epiphyllum angular (Epiphyllum anguliger)
Chomera chake ndi chomata ndipo chakhala chikuwoneka bwino. Gawo lomwe lili pansipa limazunguliridwa, komanso limapangidwanso monkitsa (pamtanda). Lanceolate lateral stems amazijambula m'mphepete, ndipo m'lifupi mwake amayambira 4 mpaka 8 cm, kutalika - mpaka 1 mita. Pa mauna pali burashi yoyera 1 kapena 2. Maluwa onunkhira ndi akulu kwambiri (10 mpaka 15 cm).
Hooker Epiphyllum (Epiphyllum hookeri)
Cactus uyu ali ndi mitsitsi yolimba (omwe akuwonongeka ndi osowa). Diamondi ya izi zimayambira 10 cm. Atsikana amakhala pamtunda wa 5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Maluwa oyera ndi okulirapo.
Epiphyllum phyllanthus (Epiphyllum phyllanthus)
Ma cactiwa amakhala ndi zimayambira zomwe kutalika kwake kumayambira 50 mpaka 100. Ndipo kutalika kwa masamba (owoneka) pambuyo pake kumayambira 25 mpaka 50. Pubescent areoles amapezeka. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi ochokera 4 mpaka 18 cm.
Epiphyllum Thomas (Epiphyllum thomasianum)
Cactus uyu ndiwotupa ndipo amakhala ndi kutalika kwautali wa (mpaka 4), komanso ma pubescent areoles.
Epiphyllum: Kukula ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Kuti chomera chikule kwambiri komanso moyenera, chimafunikira kuwala kokwanira, koma kuyenera kusinthidwa. Ndikofunika kuyiyika pafupi ndi windows yomwe ili kumadzulo kapena chakum'mawa kwa chipindacho. Ngati ili kumpoto kwa chipindacho, ndiye kuti maluwa a epiffilum azikhala ochepa, ndipo kum'mwera adzafunika kuwombera kuyambira dzuwa kulowa dzuwa. M'nyengo yotentha, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti akonzenso maluwa pamsewu ndipo muyenera kusankha malo owala, omwe atetezedwe ku dzuwa.
Kutentha
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, duwa limamverera bwino pakupanga madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Kuyambira Novembala mpaka February, mbewuyo imakhala ndi nthawi yoyenda, motero iyenera kuyikidwa m'malo ozizira (kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 15).
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Sakufunika chinyezi chachikulu, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati chipindacho chili chotentha kwambiri, muyenera kumachinyowetsa nthawi zonse kuchokera mfuti yofukizira. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi osalala komanso osalala.
Kuthirira
Epifillum nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka, popeza kwawo ndi nkhalango zachinyontho. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika pambuyo poti dothi lakumwamba lithe pang'ono. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti dziko lapansi mumphika liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Epiphyllum imathiriridwa ndimadzi akhazikika, ofewa komanso pang'ono ozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, duwa likayamba kupuma, liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zambiri. Kutsirira kumatha palokha ngati chomera chimasunthidwa kuchipinda ch ozizira kwambiri kuti chikhale nthawi yozizira. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ya masika, amayamba kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi, ndipo pakupanga masamba - zochuluka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa nthawi imodzi m'masabata awiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa cacti. Pakapangidwa masamba, amamwetsedwa ndi mullein wothira m'madzi muyezo wa 1: 4. Ngakhale epiphyllum ikazimiririka, imatha kupitilizidwa kudyetsedwa ndi mullein mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe (2 kawiri pamwezi). Komanso mutha kuyambitsa mullein ndi feteleza wapamwamba m'nthaka.
Dothi
Duwa limakonda nthaka yachonde. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupangitsa kuti dziko lapansi lizisakaniza. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani fayilo ya taye ndi pepala lamtundu ndi makala osadulidwa ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 4: 1: 1. Dothi lokonzekera cacti ndiloyeneranso. Ndipo mutha kusakaniza mchenga wowuma ndi chosakaniza chaching'ono (chosakhwima) muyezo wa 4: 1. Onetsetsani kuti nthaka acidity ili pafupifupi wofanana ndi pH 5-6. Mu dothi lililonse la epiphyllum mulibe laimu.
Thirani
Kuthilira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunika, ndipo ndikofunikira kuzichita mukatha maluwa. Musaiwale kuti mphika wamaluwa uyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mbewu - ndikofunikira kuti maluwa ambiri azikhala ndi maluwa. Chifukwa chakuti mizu yake ndi yofooka, mphikawo uyenera kusankhidwa osaya, wouma komanso wofunika kwambiri. Mukathirira duwa, liyenera kuyikidwa m'malo osyanasiyana, ndikuthirira kuchitike bwino.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Duwa likayamba kukula mwachangu (nthawi zambiri m'masabata omaliza a nthawi yachisanu), limaphukira pazomera zokucha. Osakonzanso mphika panthawiyi kuti mbewuyo singagwetse masamba. Maluwa, monga lamulo, amayamba nthawi yophukira, ndipo maluwa atayamba kuphuka, patatha masiku 5. Pa maluwa, epiphyllum amafunika kuthirira kwabwino, kupukutira ndi kuvala pamwamba. Mukasamalira bwino, ndiye kuti duwa lake limaphukira.
Kuchokera pa aola 1, maluwa amodzi okha ndi omwe amatha kuwoneka. Chifukwa chake, mu maluwa akuluakulu, mwadongosolo ayenera kuchotsa zitsamba zakale. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuchotsa mphukira zazitatu zomwe nthawi zina zimawonekera, chifukwa masamba ndi osowa kwambiri pa iwo.
Kubalana kwa Epiphyllum
Cactus epiphyllum ikhoza kufalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba, tsinde, ndikudula. Chifukwa chake, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi singano timatuluka m'mbewu, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi minga imazimiririka, ndipo timitengo ta masamba opindika timatuluka. Kuti mbewu zimere, amafunika kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 25. Maluwa oyamba amapezeka kale zaka 4 kapena 5.
Zodulidwa zimadulidwa zokha kuchokera ku mphukira zotsika, ndipo kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita 10-15. Pambuyo poyambira tsinde ndikuloza (chopendekera) ndikuwuma, "imayikidwa" mum'chidebe chaching'ono chopanda kanthu kotero kuti amawongolera molunjika. Akhale komweko masiku awiri kapena atatu. Pakubzala, mudzafunika miphika yotalika masentimita 7, yomwe iyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi iyi: mchenga umasakanizika ndi dothi komanso dothi losasakanizidwa ndi 1: 4: 5. Pamtunda wapamwamba wa 2 cm muyenera kukhala mchenga wosambitsidwa. Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zibzalidwe mpaka sentimita imodzi ndipo sizithirira madzi tsiku limodzi, ndikutsukidwa m'malo osinthika nthawi ino.
Zambiri pazofalitsa za epiphyllum
Matenda a Epiphyllum ndi Tizilombo
Chomera chimatha kutenga matenda ngati mtundu wa epiphyllums. Malo ambiri owala amtundu wowala amawonekera pamtengowo (pa tsinde), ndipo masamba nawonso amagwa, ndipo maupangawo amatha kuphukira. Ndikovuta kulimbana ndi kachilomboka, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse chomera chodwala.
Komanso pa epiphyllum, tizilombo tambiri, mealybug ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kukhazikika. Ndipo ngati ili mumsewu, ndiye kuti mumakhala osamala. Ndipo duwa limatha kuwoneka lodziwika bwino, ndipo izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha fangasi, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha fusarium.
