Daikon ndi wa banja la kabichi ndipo ndi mtundu wa radish ndi radish. Chikhalidwe cha chaka chimodzi, cholengedwa ndi obereketsa achi Japan ochokera ku gulu la Asia la mitundu yaku China, mwachizungu ku Latin America amveka ngati Raphanus sativus subsp. acanthiformis. Daikon chifukwa cha kukula kwake kosaneneka, kununkhira ndi kukoma, radish ndi radish yodziwika bwino kwa anthu aku Russia ali ndi matchulidwe angapo omwe amadziwika mikhalidwe yawo yamakhalidwe ndi kukoma: muzu waukulu, radish wokoma, radish yoyera, radish waku Japan, radish Wachinayi ndi ena.
Daikon.
Kufotokozera kwachilengedwa cha chomera cha daikon
Daikon amatanthauza mbewu yamizu, kukula kwake komwe kumachokera ku 0,2-2,5 mita kapena kupitirira, ndipo unyinji umatha kupitilira 80 kg. Masamba a daikon ndi opanda kanthu, obiriwira amdima wakuda ndi tsamba lowundika bwino, lomwe limafikira masentimita 40-60 ndi mainchesi 15-25. Masamba amawongoleredwa m'mphepete, makwinya, pubescent kapena yosalala.
Muzu wa daikon ndi wosalala, wopanda mizu yofananira ndi mphodza, loyera. Kuku zamkati ndi zoyera kapena zonona pang'ono, kumakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kununkhira bwino kwa radish ndi radish, koma kopanda kupweteka. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya daikon ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola zambiri zomwe zimamera nthawi yayitali ndikusungidwa kwake kozungulirapo ndi kukoma kosangalatsa. Mafuta a mpiru amapezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo atayang'anitsidwa muzu wazomera, palibe vuto lililonse laukali.
Pakubzala kwa masika, daikon spins mwachangu ndipo mwina sikumakula. Ndikakhala ndi tsiku lalifupi, mbewu za mizu zimakhazikika mwachangu ndipo kapangidwe ka mbewu kamachedwa. Pakati pa Russia, chifukwa cha izi, daikon ikhoza kufesedwa theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndikukula ngati mbewu yapachaka.
Zothandiza pa Daikon
Daikon amatanthauza zakudya. 300 g ya masamba mwatsopano imapereka zofunika tsiku lililonse za vitamini "C". Olemera mu mavitamini a magulu "B", "A", "E", "K", "D". Mwa mankhwala, muli kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, chitsulo ndi zina zazikulu ndi zazikulu. Mizu ya daikon imakhala ndi ester ya isorodanic acid, yomwe imalepheretsa njira za khansa. Masamba achichepere a mizu yazomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi a Vitamini (zomwe zili ndi vitamini "C" ndi 6 kutalika kuposa momwe zimayambira muzu).
Mwa kuchuluka kwa zofunikira, daikon ndiyoyenera kutenga malo ambiri azomera zamasamba. Chothandiza kwambiri pazakudya zake zochepa zama calorie ndikuwona mwachangu satiety. Daikon ali ndi fiber yambiri, yomwe imatsuka matumbo, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina. Kunyumba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda opumira kwambiri, matenda opatsirana. Kuchuluka chitetezo chokwanira.
Zomera zamtundu zimathandizira kuchotsa cholesterol m'thupi, imakhala ndi chithandizo mu atherosulinosis, matenda a shuga, kuwonongeka kwa ma radiation. Madzi a Daikon ndi gruel amayeretsa khungu la ziphuphu ndi matumbo, amalimbitsa mizu ya tsitsi ndikuwonjezereka, kuchepetsa kukwiya, ndikuchotsa kusowa tulo. Phula yamizu imalowe m'malo mwa kvass ndi hangover yayikulu.
Zambiri za kukula kwa daikon mdziko muno
Daikon ndi mbewu yosasinthika yamasamba, koma chifukwa cha zachilengedwe pakubzala, imafunika chidwi chambiri paulimi, makamaka pankhani yofesa, kukonza nthaka, mitundu ya feteleza, kupezeka kwa madzi apansi panthaka, ndi zina zambiri.
Daikon.
Zotsogola
Daikon sangathe kukula pambuyo pamtanda. Zomwe zimayambitsa bwino kwambiri ndi mbewu zoyandikira, zobiriwira, maungu, kuphatikizapo mbatata, phwetekere, sorelo, squash, squash, maungu ndi mbewu zina. Daikon satenga nawo mbali pazikhalidwe zina.
Madeya obzala Daikon
Ku Russia, kutengera nyengo yotentha, daikon itha kudalilika kudzera mbande ndikufesa mbewu m'nthaka. Masamba obzala osankhidwa bwino adzaonetsetsa kuti mitengo yayikulu ya zipatso muzu uliwonse, komwe kulemera kwa nthumwi imodzi kungafikire 2-6 kg.
Mwa zikhalidwe pakati pakatikati pa Russia, nthawi yabwino yofesa ndi ya zaka 3 za Juni - khumi oyambilira a Julayi. Kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Central Non-Black Earth Region, daikon ikhoza kufesedwa m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi, ndipo ku Moscow Region, kufesa kumatha kusunthidwa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi mitundu ndi masiku awo okucha. Ndikabzala mochedwa, mutha kupeza mbewu yabwino, koma mizu yake imakhala yaying'ono mpaka 300-400 g.
Mitundu ya Daikon
Mitundu yabwino pakusankhidwa kwa Japan ndi: Farum, Tsu-kushin, Daya-kushin, Harue-si, Haratsuge, Blue Sky ndi ena. M'malo oterewa, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amabzala daikon ngakhale koyambilira kwa Meyi kapena Lachitatu: Mayyakusin, Kharatsuga, ndi ena apakhomo, a Sasha osiyanasiyana. Zitha kulimbana ndi mbanda zoyambilira ndipo pofika mu Julayi-Ogasiti amapanga mbewu zazikulu.
Kummwera kwa Russia, obereketsa aku Russia apanga mitundu ya White Fang daikon, komanso m'malo oyandikira ndi malo ozungulira mitundu yosinthidwa ndi nyengo: Sasha, Moscow Athlete, Dubinushka, Fairy, Dragon, Favorite. Anthu a ku Russia amakonda kwambiri mitundu ya Sasha, yomwe m'masiku 35-45 kuchokera kumera imapanga mbewu yokhwima. Zosiyanasiyana za daikon chinjoka ndi Dubinushka zimatha kulimidwa kutchire kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka pakati pa Julayi ndikubzala motsatizana mu masiku 10-12.
Makhalidwe azachilengedwe
Daikon amadziwika kuti ndi chomera chosagwira ozizira, mbewu zomwe zimamera mwakachetechete pa + 1 ... + 3 ° C. Komabe, imatha kupirira kutentha pang'ono kwa kanthawi kochepa. Mbande ndi mbewu zachikulire za daikon sizimafa m'nthawi yochepa kwambiri kufikira -3 ... -4 ° C. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kutentha pang'ono, imayimitsa kukula ndi kukula, ndikayamba kupulumuka, imayamba kugwa.
Kutentha kwakukulu pakupanga ndi kutukuka kwa daikon kumachokera ku + 12 ... + 25-27 ° C. Ndi chiwopsezo chofika + 30 ° C ndipo pamwamba, mbewuzo ndizolepheretsa, chitetezo cha m'thupi chimafooka, ndipo zimaletsa tizirombo ndi matenda pofooka. Panyengo yachilala, daikon imapanga gawo lowala lamkati la zowawa, ndi mizu yopindika. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mizu.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Daikon itha kukhala wamkulu pamitundu yonse ya dothi, kupatula saline ndi acidified. Dothi lolemera limabzalidwa ndi manyowa ambiri ndi kompositi asanadzalemo kuti achepetse kapena kuchotsa uthiti (dongo chernozems) ndikuwonjezera kupenyerera kwa mpweya. Imakula bwino ndipo imapanga mbewu zapamwamba pamtunda wopepuka wokhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka.
Kukumba dothi pansi pa daikon kawiri mukugwa ndi masika, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti muzu wa mizu muutali. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira amabweretsa kV. mamita m'dera la ndowa 1-3 za humus kapena manyowa okhwima. Onjezani 30-50 g wa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Chapakatikati, pansi pokumba, 30-50 g nitroammophoski imawonjezeredwa.
Kubzala Daikon
Daikon amapanga lalikulu mizu mbewu, motero, salola kukula kwa mbewu. Pa dothi lolemera, njira yolondola kwambiri yokhala ndi mzere umodzi pakati pa zisa, kutengera mitunduyo, ndi masentimita 25 mpaka 40, ndipo pakati pa mizere 40-60 masentimita. Pamadothi opepuka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mizere iwiri (nthawi zina 3), yokhala ndi mtunda wa 40- 60 masentimita, ndi pakati pa nthiti mpaka 0,7-1.0 m.
Kubzala nesting. Mbewu za 2-4 zimafesedwa mu chisa chimodzi masentimita 3-4. Mbewu za Daikon pa chinyezi wamba zimawonekera patsiku la 5-7. Ziwembu ndi mtunda mu mpango zitha kusankhidwa komanso zina zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo yakwanthawi. Ndi malo abwinobwino azakudya, mbewu za muzu zimatha kufika 60-80 masentimita mpaka 30 makilogalamu kulemera kwamakono.
Daikon.
Chisamaliro cha Daikon
Mu gawo la ukufalikira masamba 1-2 masamba akuwombera. Chomera chokhazikika kwambiri chimasiyidwa mu chisa, ndipo chofowoka chitha kuzikika (monga beets). Pamene daikon imakula ndikukula, kupukutiranso kwina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu ya muzu imakula ndikukula. Mukapanganso kupatuka muchokereni mtunda woperekedwa ndi kufesa. Ngati kufalikira kwa daikon kumachitika mgawo la beam (ngakhale koyambirira), mbewu za muzu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu za mizu zimamasulidwa pambuyo kuthilira kapena mvula, mulch nthaka, kuwononga namsongole. Ngati mbeu ya mizu ituluka panthaka, khazikitsani chichirikizo ndi kumanga chomera.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira daikon kumachitika, monga radware. Ndiye kuti, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono osasunthika madzi. Kuthirira kwambiri pakatha nyengo yowuma kumabweretsa mapangidwe a freaks ndi kufinya mizu. Mwa gawo la kucha daikon (masabata awiri asanakolole), kuthirira kocheperako kumachepetsedwa.
Kudyetsa daikon
Mwakutero, daikon (makamaka mitundu yoyambirira) imatha kumera popanda umuna. Kwa iwo, kudzazidwa kwenikweni kwa dothi musanafesere ndikwanira. Koma, ngati dothi latha mu michere kapena kukometsedwa ndi feteleza, kuthira feteleza ndikofunikira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuphatikiza feteleza mwanjira yankho.
- Kudyetsa koyamba kwa daikon kumachitika pambuyo pa kupatulira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, mayi yemwe amamwa zakumwa zomwe zakonzedwa motere: 1/3 ya ndowa 10 litadzazidwa ndi manyowa ndikuthira pamwamba ndi madzi. Kuumirira masabata 1-2. Likukhalira mayi zakumwa. Imatsitsidwa, kusungunuka mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 8 ndikuthirira pansi pa muzu wa mbewu. Unyinji wotsala umayikidwa pansi pa mbewu zina ngati feteleza.
- Kudyetsa kwachiwiri kwa daikon kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a mtanda. Gwiritsani ntchito urea kapena kemir. Feteleza kwina ndi kotheka, koma mitundu yosavuta yosungunuka ndi madzi ndi kufufuza zinthu. Kuphatikizika kwa yankho ndi supuni ziwiri za feteleza pachidebe chimodzi cha madzi.
- Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba (cha m'ma mochedwa komanso mochedwa mitundu) chimachitika ndi feteleza wovuta ndi nitrofos kapena nitroammophos mu ndende yofanana ndi yachiwiri.
- Kudyetsa chachinayi kwa daikon, ngati kuli kofunikira komanso ngati kuli kofunikira, kumachitika ndi feteleza wa phosphoric kapena phosphoric-potaziyamu wa 20-30 g / ndowa.
Mitundu yomwe ikufunsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe amaperekedwa monga zitsanzo kwa okonda novice daikon. Olima maluwa atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zotsimikiziridwa.
Daikon.
Chitetezo cha Daikon ku matenda ndi tizirombo
- Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yamera, mutha kutaya mbeu za daikon chifukwa cha utitiri wopakidwa. Kuti mudziteteze, chivundikirani mutabzala ndi mfundo zokutira ku gawo la magawo 1-2. Mbande zimavomerezedwa ndi phulusa (kudzera mu thumba la gauze).
- Kuchokera pa zotsekemera kuzungulira zisa kapena mabedi a daikon, dothi limakonkhedwa ndi mandimu, wosanjikiza wa superphosphate, zinthu zina zotheka zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa tizilombo.
- Kuchokera mphutsi za kabichi ziziuluka zomwe zimaliza maudzu a mbewu, mutha kupopera mbewu za daikon ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi ndi adyo wamafuta ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bioinsecticides - actophytum, bitoxibacillin, lepidocide ndi ena, malinga ndi malingaliro, ndibwino muzosakanikira. Kuwaza ndi zothetsera izi zitha kuchitika nthawi yochepa isanakolole.
- Pazolinga zopewera, muthanso mabedi ndi daikon, kuwabzala ndi marigolds kapena calendula. Pakati pa mbeu zomwe mumamangira mutha kudzala udzu winawake, korona. Fungo la mbewuzi, kabichi umauluka ndipo tizirombo tina silivomereza.
- Daikon amalimbana ndi matenda ndipo mbewu zowonongeka ngati 1-2 zikaonekera, zimangochotsedwa pakubzala.
Kukonza ndi kusunga daikon
Zomera zomwe zatulutsidwa malinga ndi mitundu (40-70 patatha masiku kumera) zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Pakukolola koyambirira, muzu wosakhwima wosasungidwa sungasungidwe bwino. Kukolola mochedwa kumatha kuwononga chisanu choyambirira. Pakati pakatikati pa Russian Federation, masiku 2-3 a Okutobala amadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yoyenera kukumba daikon.
Mukakolola daikon pamadothi opepuka, mbewu za muzu (makamaka zazing'onoting'ono) zimatulutsidwa pamutu, ndipo zazikuluzo zimakumbidwa kaye kenako ndikutulutsidwa. Siyani pabedi (ngati pangafunike kuti muumitse mapampu). Nsonga za mbewu zimadulidwa ndi chitsa cha masentimita 2-3. Sambani kuchokera ku dothi mosamala, kuti musawononge khungu la mizu. Pukutani daikon pamthunzi ndikuyiyika mufiriji m'matumba apulasitiki, cellar, dzenje lamasamba kapena malo ena omwe amasinthidwa kuti asunge zinthu zamasamba, ndikuthira ndi mchenga mufiriji. Kutentha kosungirako ndi 0 ... + 4-5 ° C. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa zimasungidwa mpaka miyezi itatu.
