Chomera chobvuta chotere monga Scilla (Scilla) ndi nthumwi ya banja la katsitsumzukwa. Komabe, nthawi ina m'mbuyomu duwa limaperekedwa ku banja la kakombo kapena ma hyacinth. Chomera chimatchedwa Scylla. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa oterowo amalakwitsa chifukwa cha chipale chofewa kapena chiputu. Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza mitundu 90 yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amatha kupezeka ku Africa, Asia ndi Europe, pomwe amakonda kukula kumapiri ndi mapiri a mapiri. Duwa la maluwa oterewa limachokera ku dzina lachi Greek loti anyezi wanyanja "skilla", zoona zake ndikuti kale anali woimira amtunduwu. Zomera zoterezi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu ndi matenda, komanso ndizokongola kwambiri komanso zimatha kusintha mwachangu zikhalidwe zilizonse zachilengedwe.
Mawonekedwe a Scavenger
Chomera chambiri ngati chophukacho ndichosatha. Mababu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid, ndipo masikelo awo akunja amapakidwa utoto, utoto wakuda kapena bulauni. Mizu yokhala ndi mizu yopanga mizere imamera kale kapena nthawi yomweyo ndi apical inflorescence omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a burashi ndipo amakhala pamiyala yopanda masamba. Chomera choterocho chimakhala ndi gawo limodzi, mwachitsanzo, m'masiku ozizira amvula, masamba ake amasindikizidwa pansi panthaka yomweyo, ndikatentha ndikutentha kunja, zimapezeka pafupifupi. Kuphatikizidwa kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa amodzi. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zosavomerezeka za mtundu wakuda. The scilla ndi primrose, monganso mbewu zotsatirazi: brancus, whitebrer, maloto aubweya (mutu wam'mbuyo), anyezi wa tsekwe, daffodil, pushkinia, chionodox, hazel grouse, safroni (crocus), adonis (adonis), eranthus (kasupe), hyacinth, muscari, chipale chofewa, primrose, iris ndi buttercup. Kutulutsa kwamitundu yambiri ya zisumbu kumawonedwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasika, komanso pali mitundu ina yomwe imaphukira m'dzinja.
Tikugulitsa Scylla panja
Nthawi yoti afike
Kubzala ndi kulera mphukira ndikosavuta. Maluwa awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuti azikongoletsa malire, miyala yamiyala, zitunda zam'mapiri ndi mitundu yosakanikirana. Mitengo yozungulira mitengo yazipatso, yomwe imakongoletsa maluwa okongola a Scylla kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, imawonekeranso modabwitsa. Mutha kubzala mbewu yotereyi ngakhale nthawi yamaluwa. Komabe, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kubzala ma Scylla a masika atamera masamba (kuyambira pakati pa Juni), ndi omwe amatulutsa masika - masabata 4 asanapangidwe kwa ma peduncle. Maluwa amakonda kukhala ndi malo owunikira bwino, koma amathanso kukhala wamkulu m'malo opezeka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu ya maluwa yophukira siikhala yojambula bwino kwenikweni poyerekeza ndi yomwe imachita maluwa pachaka.
Zowongolera
Musanayambe ndikupanga kofikira mwachindunji kwa Scylla, ndikofunikira kukonzekera malowa. Koposa zonse, mbewu yotere imakula mu dothi lokhala ndi zochuluka zazinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu zazing'ono zam'mera ndi tsamba humus. Kuti maluwa awa azikula bwino, amalimbikitsidwa kuti asakanikize dothi la m'munda ndi dothi lamtchire, lomwe limakhala ndi makungwa a mitengo komanso masamba. Acidity yoyenera nthaka iyenera kukhala pakati pa 6.5 ndi 7.0.
Pakati pa mabowo akufika, mtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 uyenera kuonedwa. Mababu akuyenera kuyikidwa munthaka ndi masentimita 6-8 (kutengera kukula kwa zinthu zobzala).
Kusamalira Munda
Scilla imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzindikira kwake kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi maluwa ena a masika. Kuti duwa limere bwinobwino, liyenera kuthiriridwa ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo zitatha izi ndikofunikira kumasula dothi lakuya mpaka 20-25 mm, mutamasulira. Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa m'mawa, pomwe mukuyenera kuyesa kuti madzi asagwere pamalowo, chifukwa izi zimatha kuwononga mawonekedwe awo. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa namsongole ndi kuthilira, muyenera kudzaza m'dera lomwe scilla imamera ndi mulch (tsamba humus).
Nthambi zokhala ndi maluwa otumphukira zimafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wovuta (mwachitsanzo, Nitrofoska) kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasika, kotero kuti maluwa atchuke kwambiri. Ndipo kuphatikiza mitundu ya maluwa yophukira, imalimbikitsidwa pakugwa. Mu feteleza wama mineral ovuta, ndibwino kuwonjezera zinthu monga: chitsulo, magnesium, calcium ndi mkuwa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewuzi zimaberekanso bwino podzilimitsa. Ngati simukufuna kuchotsa pafupipafupi Scylla pamalopo, ndiye kuti muyenera kusiya maluwa omwe akutha, kuyesera kuti muchite izi pamaso pa ma testes.
Thirani
Kuti mbewu iyi ikule bwino komanso ikukula bwino, iyenera kuziika mwadongosolo kamodzi pazaka 3, izi zimathandizanso kuti tchire lizikongoletsa kwambiri. Popeza kuti tinakumba chitsamba, ndikofunikira kupatula ana ku babu, kenako ndikawabzala posachedwa kuti tipewe kuwola. Akatswiri amalangiza kupatsirana m'masiku otsiriza a Seputembala kapena oyamba - mu Okutobala.
Kufalitsa kwa Scylla
Pofuna kubala nkhalango gwiritsani ntchito njere ndi mababu aakazi. Momwe mungafalikire ndi mababu, ofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Kuti duwa lotere lifesedwe, liyenera kuyamba kusonkhanitsidwa. Kuzungulira masiku omaliza a Juni, mabokosi ambewu amatembenukira chikaso ndikuyamba kusweka. Mabokosiwa amafunika kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuwazidwa nthangala zomwe zimabzalidwa panthaka. Mbeu zotere zimamera pang'ono, ndipo tchire lomwe limamera kuchokera ku mbewu limaphuka zokha zikafika zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Mbande zoyambirira za mbewu zotere sizimapangidwa kale kuposa zaka 5 pambuyo pake, panthawiyi zimakula ana ambiri, komanso zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa matendawa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga mbewu zing'onozing'ono zonse za maluwa, duwa limayamba kutenga kachilomboka ndi Achelenchoid, zowola imvi ndi zowola za mababu. Choopsa chachikulu cha tizirombo tonse ku mbewu yoterechi chimachokera ku makoswe ndi mbewa.
Gray zowola Chimawonekera paz masamba ndi pamwamba pa mababu. Utoto wonyezimira umawonekera pazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwazo, ndipo zimayamba kuvunda. Kenako mawanga owoneka amawoneka pamababu. Matendawa akamakula, chikasu cha tchire chimwalira. Zomwe zakhudzidwazi zikuyenera kufukulidwa ndikuwotchedwa posachedwa. Ngati anyezi omwe adasungidwa ali ndi vuto la imvi, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula madera omwe mavutowo ndi kuwaza mabala ndi phulusa.
Ngati msambo watenga kachilomboka achenheloides, ndiye kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zake zamlengalenga, komanso mababu. Mamba omwe ali pamakwerero amapukutira bulauni ndipo zowola zimawonekera. Chifukwa chake, ngati mupanga gawo la babu, ndiye kuti muwona kuwola kwa mphete. Mu bulb yomwe yakhudzidwa, mawanga a necrotic amawonekera pamwamba. Pazizindikiro zokhala ndi kachilombo, kuchepa kwa zokongoletsera komanso kuphika kwacha. Mababu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amakumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Mababu athanzi chifukwa cha njira zodzitetezera ayenera kupindidwa mu thermos ndi madzi otentha (madigiri 43), pomwe amakhala mphindi 30.
Zowola Bulb limawonekera chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus, mwachitsanzo: Fusarium, sclerotinia kapena Septoria. M'tchire lomwe layamba kudwala, masamba amasamba amasanduka achikasu, kenako matendawa amalowera m'matanthwe, chifukwa mawanga amtundu wakuda amaoneka pena pake. Mababu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka atasungidwa, amakhala olimba kwambiri ndikufa. Matendawa amayamba kukula kwambiri ndi chinyezi chachikulu.
Makoswe (mwachitsanzo: mbewa zapakhomo ndi ma voles a m'munda) amakonda kwambiri kudya mababu a mbewu iyi, pomwe nthawi yamasika amatha kudya mphukira zake. Kuteteza scilla kuzungulira malo omwe mwakula, ndikofunikira kupanga poyambira podzitchinjiriza. Zimbudzi za poizoni ziyikidwe m'gululi, ndipo musaiwale kuwaza ndi dothi pang'ono, chifukwa mbalame zapoizoni zitha kupendedwa ndi mbalamezi, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa.
Mphutsi ndi akulu Chomera chazomera kukuta pansi pa babu, kenako kulowera pakati pawo. Pamenepo, tizirombo timayamba kuyamwitsa msuziwo kuchokera mkati mamba wa babu, chifukwa umayamba kuvunda ndikuuma. Kuti muchotse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kupopera chitsamba ndi kachiromboka (mwachitsanzo: Agravertin, Aktellik, Akarin, ndi zina). Popewa, asanabzala mabalowo m'nthaka, ayenera kupendekeka ndi ena mwa awa.
Scylla pambuyo maluwa
Mtengowo ukazirala, mzerewo uyenera kuchotsedwa, pomwe masamba ake amawukonza pokhapokha atangofa. Sikuti ndikofunikira kukonzera scilla mwanjira yapadera nthawi yozizira ikubwerayi, chifukwa imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu ndipo sikufuna pogona. Komabe, ngati maluwawa amalilitsidwa pamalo otseguka, ndiye kuti awatetezere ku chisanu chomzizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaphimba ndi masamba owuma kapena nthambi zonona.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Scylla (Scilla) yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yamtchire, ndipo yambiri mwa iyo imalimidwa bwino ndi alimi. Pachifukwa ichi, kufotokozera kudzaperekedwa pansipa kokha mwa iwo omwe ali otchuka kwambiri, ndipo mupezanso dzina la mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.
Scilla belu woboola pakati (Scilla hispanica), mwina Spain endymion (Endymion hispanicus), kapena belu wooneka ngati belu
Malo omwe mbewu zoterezi zimachokera ku Spain, dera lakumwera kwa France ndi Portugal. Komanso, mtunduwu umakonda kumera m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango. Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi wothandiza kwambiri. Tamba kutalika kwake kumatha kuyambira 0,2 mpaka 0,3 mita. Pamayendedwe amodzi ndi ma inflorescence owongoka okhala ndi mawonekedwe a burashi, omwe amakhala ndi maluwa osalala a 5-10, ofika kutalika kwa 20 mm ndikujambula utoto wa pinki, wabuluu kapena woyera. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi ndipo amakhala pafupifupi theka la mwezi. Ngati anyezi wa dzinja amakhalabe poyera, ayenera kuphimbidwa. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Mfumukazi Rose. Kutalika kwa matambula ndi pafupifupi mita 0,2; maluwa ofiira okhala ndi lilac hue, omwe ali ndi fungo lofooka kwambiri, amayikidwa.
- Buluu wamtambo. Pazovala zolimba kwambiri pakatikati, maluwa akulu amtundu wabuluu wokhala ndi mzere wabuluu amayikidwa.
- Agogo. Kuphatikizika kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa 15 oyera.
- Rosabella. Kutalika kwa mapesi ndi pafupi 0,3 metres, pa iwo ndi inflorescence wandiweyani, wokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira a pinkish-lilac. Madzulo, kununkhira kwawo kumakhala kwamphamvu.
Wamaluwa ndiwosangalala kukulitsa mitundu yotsatirayi ya mtundu wa scylla: Excelsior, Blue Queen, Blue Dzint, Blue Pearl, Deynty Maid, Mfumukazi ya Pinki, Mont Everest, Miozotis ndi ena.
Scilla bifolia kapena Scilla bifolia
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mtundu wankhanira wamtunduwu umapezeka ku Crimea, Ciscaucasia, Mediterranean, komanso ku Europe ku Russia. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi otsika kwambiri komanso opusa. Kutalika kwa chitsamba, monga lamulo, sikupita mamita 0.15. Ali ndi mapesi a maluwa atatu, pomwe pamitundu iliyonse pali maluwa amtundu wa pinki kapena oyera, omwe ali ndi fungo lakuthwa koma labwino kwambiri. Aliyense inflorescence amaphatikiza mpaka 15 maluwa. Mtunduwu umangokhala ndi mapepala awiri otambalala okhala ndi mzere wotalika pafupifupi mamita 0,2. Chomerachi chikuyamba kuphuka pakati pa Epulo, ndipo nthawi yokhala maluwa pafupifupi theka la mwezi. Wopangidwa kuyambira 1568. Pali dimba la bifolia var. Purpurea, mtundu wa maluwa womwe ndi wofiirira.
Scilla autumn (Scilla autumnalis), kapena Scylla autumn
M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mbewu zoterezi zimatha kupezeka kumpoto kwa Africa, Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor. Pa chitsamba chimodzi, mpaka mpaka mivi 5 ya maluwa amatha kukula, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,15 mpaka 0,2 metres. Pa iwo ndi lotayirira la mtundu wa genemose inflorescence, wokhala ndi maluwa ocheperako 6-20 a kuwala kwa lilac kapena mtundu wofiirira. Imayamba kuphuka m'masiku omaliza a Julayi kapena oyamba - mu Ogasiti. Kutalika kwa mizere yopingasa ya masamba yopingasa kumakhala pafupifupi 0.25 m. Kapangidwa kuyambira 1597.
Peru kuwaza (Scilla peruviana), kapena Peruvian scilla
Kwawo kwa mitunduyi ndi Western Western. Mivi ya maluwa awiri kapena atatu imawoneka pachitsamba, chomwe chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,35 m.Miyambo yowoneka bwino yotuwa imayikiridwa, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi osakwana 10 mm) ya mtundu wamtambo wakuu. Limodzi inflorescence limatha kukhala ndi maluwa okwanira 80. Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba ofanana ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo m'lifupi mwake amafikira theka la sentimita. Pa chitsamba chimodzi, masamba 5-8 amakula.
Spelling Siberian (Scilla sibirica), kapena Siberia scilla
Mtunduwu udatchedwa molakwika, chifukwa sungapezeke pagawo la Siberia. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, duwa limatha kupezeka ku Caucasus, ku Crimea, ku Europe ku Russia, pakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe. Maluwa a buluu amakula nthawi yomweyo ndi masamba amakala. Mu maluwa ndi timadzi tokoma. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi, chidziwitso ndikuti kutseguka kwa maluwa ake kumachitika nthawi ya 10 koloko, ndipo kutsekedwa kwa maola 16 mpaka 17, ndipo ngati nyengo ili yotentha, mwina sangatsegule konse. M'masamba atatu otere:
Caucasian (Scilla sibirica subsp. Caucasica)
Mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Eastern Transcaucasia. Kutalika kwa mivi yamaluwa kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 0,5. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wamtambo wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Maluwa amayambira theka lachiwiri la nthawi yophukira ndipo amatenga masiku 15-20.
Chiarmenia (Scilla sibirica subsp. Armena)
Imapezeka kuthengo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Turkey komanso kumwera kwa Transcaucasia. Masamba a masamba ndi chikwatu. Kutalika kwa mivi yamaluwa kumachokera masentimita 10 mpaka 15, pomwe pamakhala maluwa okongola a buluu. Maluwa amayambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira ndipo amatenga masiku 15 mpaka 20.
Siberian (Scilla sibirica subsp. Sibirica)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Europe ku Russia, ku Crimea, Caucasus komanso ku Asia Minor. Izi subspecies pachikhalidwe zimadziwika kuti ndizotchuka kwambiri. Tchire limakhala ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi apafupi ndi masamba, omwe amafikira kutalika kwa 15 mm. Kutalika kwa ma peduncles ndi pafupifupi 0.3 m, pomwe pachitsamba chimodzi amatha kukhala zidutswa za 1-4. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi azure. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa kasupe ndipo amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Pachikhalidwe, izi subspecies ndizoyambira zana la 17. Subspecies iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe ndi maluwa oyera, yalimidwa kuyambira 1798 g, maluwa akuyamba patadutsa masiku 7-10 kupitilira mbewu zamitundu ina, koma nthawi yake ndi mwezi 1. Palinso mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa abuluu kapena ofiira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamasamba awa:
- Kukongola Kwamasika, pakadali pano mitundu iyi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri, pamiyendo yake yolimba yobiriwira pamtunda pali maluwa 5 kapena 6 ofiirira, m'mimba mwake osapitilira 30 mm. Mitundu iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cha ku Western Europe. Alibe mbewu, koma ndizosavuta kufalitsa kwa ana.
- Alba. Maluwa ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ali ndi mtundu woyera-ngati chipale. Nthawi yomweyo, izi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri mutabzala limodzi ndi yoyamba.
Komanso nthawi zambiri zomwe zimalimidwa ndi wamaluwa ndi mitundu monga: mphesa, Pushkin, Rosen, Tubergen (kapena Mishchenko), wofiirira, wamaluwa amodzi, wamadzi (anyezi wanyanja), Litardie, China (nkhalango), Chitaliyana, Vinogradova, Bukhara (kapena Vvedensky).
