Copper sulfate pochizira ndi kuteteza mbewu

Mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba iliyonse, sulfate yamkuwa, yomwe ndi crystalline hydrate ya mkuwa wamkuwa kapena sulfate yamkuwa, ili kutali kwambiri ndi yomaliza. Izi ndi poizoni kwa anthu, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana azogulitsa ndi ulimi.

Kufotokozera kwapofupi zamkuwa wa sulfate

Copper (II) sulfate (mkuwa wa sulfate) (CuSO₄) mu nomenclature ya mchere amadziwika pansi pa mayina angapo: chalcanthite, butite, chalcianite, etc. Amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chosagwirizana, moto komanso chophulika. Ili ndi hygroscopicity yapamwamba. Imasungunuka bwino m'madzi, mowa ndi hydrochloric acid. Kamodzi pamalo otentha, kumalumikiza mamolekyulu amadzi asanu, amasintha kukhala mkuwa wa sulfate (CuSO₄5H₂O) ndi mkuwa wa sulfate crystalline hydrate. Muli ndi makhiristo amtundu wowala wa buluu, omwe amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Mudalo louma, ma hydrate a hydro amataya madzi ndikusandutsidwa ngati ufa oyera kapena oyera.

Vitriol ndi dzina lodziwika (laling'ono) lazinthu zina zamchere zamchere za sulfate (mkuwa, chitsulo, zinki, ndi zina). Mwatsatanetsatane wadongosolo, mayina achidule amomwe amaphatikizidwa ndi osavuta, omveka, komanso ovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.

Zofunsira zamkuwa zamkuwa

Masiku ano, sulfate yamkuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochita zonse za anthu, kuphatikizira mabanja awo:

• ngati feteleza;
• gwero lazinthu zamagetsi nthawi yayitali pakuvala zipatso zamasamba-mabulosi;
• ngati mankhwala othana ndi tizilombo kuthana ndi matenda azomera;
• ngati antiseptic kuteteza nyumba ndi mkati nyumba kuti zowola ndi nkhungu.

Mndandanda wazakudya zamkuwa m'magawo amodzi ndiwopatsa chidwi, koma chinthu ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani azomangamanga ndi zomangamanga:

• ngati poyambira kupanga njira zosakanikirana (mwachitsanzo: CHIKWANGWANI cha acetate);
• ngati gawo la ma elekitirodi mu teknoloji ya galvanic yokhala ndi mapaipi amkuwa amkuwa;
• monga chovala chovala chachikopa;
• ngati bulitchi podula;
• pa thunzi;
• kukonza antiseptic nkhuni, etc.

Copper sulfate imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakampani azakudya:

• monga chowonjezera chakudya pansi pa chiwerengero K519;
• poizoni wa mkuwa sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoteteza;
• popanga zinthu zina, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusintha kwa utoto, ndi zina.

Amadziwika m'mankhwala ena monga emetic. Komabe, tikufuna kukuchenjezani kupewa chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina komanso njira zina kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa. Mkuwa ndiye poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri!

Mfundo zamkuwa zamkuwa

Mukapatsidwa chomera, sulfate yamkuwa imachita mbali ziwiri.

1. Yopangidwa ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi micronutrient feteleza ndi njira zothetsera mankhwala pazomera

• mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yomwe imayambitsa masanjidwe a redox omwe amachitika ziwalo zamasamba;
• amatenga nitrogen ndi carbohydrate metabolism, yomwe imakulitsa kukana kwa mbewu pazotsatira zoyipa za matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya;
• kuyenda kwa mkuwa kumalungo a mbewu kumathandizira kukulitsa shuga mu mizu, zipatso ndi zipatso, komanso mapuloteni ndi mafuta mumafuta, wowuma mum mbatata, ndiye kuti zimakhudza bwino zipatso ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimachulukitsa zokolola.

2. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi zida zowonongeka

• ma ayoni amkuwa amawononga zipolopolo zoteteza za spores ndi mycelium yomwe;
• Lowani mogwirizana ndi ma enzymatic ma cell a pathogenic; amachititsa kusintha kosasintha kwa ma cell a cellular ndi kufa kwa nkhungu ndi zowola, bakiteriya ndi matenda ena;
• mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi kutchetcha komanso kuyamwa tizirombo;
• mankhwala oopsa ogwiritsira ntchito m'malo akulu; chifukwa cha kawopsedwe, ndikofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ochepa a nyumba zanyumba ndi nyumba.

Nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulphate

Copper sulfate ndi acidic kwambiri komanso imayaka. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu zamalonda ndi zipatso:

• musanafike maluwa, kuwateteza ku kutentha kwa mankhwala;
• kusungunuka kwa mkuwa komwe kumayikidwa makungwa a mitengo sikuvulaza mbewuyo ndipo sikuti kumatsitsidwa ndi mvula;
• itatha masamba owola.

Kuthira timiyala ndi mkuwa masamba amtundu wa masamba yophukira kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mkuwa wambiri m'nthaka. Imadziunjikira m'nthaka ndikulowa muzomera. Kuchuluka, kumasokoneza machitidwe a metabolic omwe amachitika muzomera pakukula, ndikupangitsa masamba ndi mazira kugwa.

Omwe alimi ndi olima m'minda amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera zamkuwa zamkuwa (1-1.5% yankho) kuthira mbewu zamasamba munthawi yogwiritsa ntchito tizirombo (kubereka kwa epiphytotic ndi mphukira zochuluka za mphutsi). Nthawi ina kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Makonzedwe akuchitika osachepera masiku 10-20 musanakolole.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa mbeu zamasamba, kusinthana ndi Bordeaux.

Werengani zambiri zamadzimadzi a Bordeaux, momwe mungakonzekerere ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'nkhani "Bordeaux zamadzimadzi pochita ulimi."

Malangizo pokonza mbewu ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulfate pochizira mbewu, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa mu njira yothetsera (mbewu zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi "diso" zitha kuwotcha mbewu).

Pochizira mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, yankho la 1% la sulfate yamkuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsamba zazing'ono ndi mitengo ndi 3% pazakale zokhala ndi makungwa. Mukamakonzera mbewu, ndikofunika kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa njira yothetsera vuto lililonse pa chomera chilichonse.

Kumayambiriro kwamankhwala kuchitidwa ndi mkuwa kumachitika mu khumi zoyambirira za March (isanayambike kutupa kwa impso) pa kutentha kwapakati tsiku lililonse la + 5 ... + 6 ° C. M'dzinja, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso, koma ndikofunikira kusintha kukonzekera kuti musakundike mkuwa m'nthaka.

Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa majeremusi ndi yankho la 3-5% ya mkuwa sulfate, ndikuigawa ndi sprayer panthaka, ndikutsatira ndikuphatikizidwa ndi dothi. Kukonza ikuchitika 1 nthawi 3-5 zaka ndi kuvomerezedwa oyambitsa humus kapena kompositi.

Asanayambe kukonza mitengo ndi mabulosi, ntchito yonse yaukhondo imachitika: amachotsa khungwa lakale, komanso nthambi, zodwala, zouma, zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona ndi tchire. Amagwira zigawo ndi mabala ndi njira yothandizira kuphera tizilombo, ndipo atapukuta, amapaka utoto kapena amatsekeka ndi var var ya m'munda.

Copper sulfate sigwirizana ndi mankhwala ena pokonzekera tank kusakanikirana.

Mphamvu ya yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate imachulukana ndi mbewu zabwino.

Mukamachiza mbewu kapena dothi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mu zovala zoteteza, zomwe zimayenera kusinthidwa mutatha ntchito, kusamba kapena kutsuka nkhope ndi manja anu ndi sopo.

Kukonzekera kwa yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate

Kukonzekera yankho la sulfate yamkuwa, magalasi kapena ziwiya zapulasitiki zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yosavuta yokonzekera yankho mu malita 10 amadzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku lokonzekera. Osasakanikirana ndi mankhwala ena kupatula laimu.

Thirani kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo mumtsuko ndipo, pakukweza, thirani madzi okwanira 1 litre (kutentha kwa madzi osaposa 45-50 ° C). M'madzi ozizira komanso otentha, vitriol imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi mitambo. Zimasokonekera mpaka makristali a vitriol atasungunuka kwathunthu. Malita 9 amadzi otentha amawonjezeredwa 1 litre yamadzi okonzeka. Njira yogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulfate imaloledwa kuziziritsa, kusinthidwanso bwino, kumasefedwa kuchokera ku zosakonzeka zopanda pake ndi chithandizo cha mbewu zimayamba (Gome 1).

Musakonzekere njira yothetsera chitsulo chamkuwa pamoto wowotchera mafuta kapena poyatsira magetsi!

Gome 1. Miyezo yamkuwa ya sulfate 10 pa madzi

Kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa sulphate kwa pokonzanso dimba ndi mabulosi m'minda

Mukamakongoletsa zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti "osathira" mbewuyo ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, koma kuwaza, ndikuchepetsa m'malovu, ndibwino mankhwalawo. Njira yothetsera mvula yomwe ikuyenda pansi kuchokera kumitengo yayikulu imangokulitsa nthaka, koma sikungakonze zinthu.

Malinga ndi zotsatira zaka zambiri zakuwoneka kwa olima dimba, njira zingapo za mayankho a mkuwa zimatengedwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamtengo uliwonse. Zotsatirazi zidatengedwa kutengera zaka za chikhalidwe:

• pamtengo wachichepere mpaka zaka 3, kumwa kwa sodium yamkuwa kumakhala mpaka 2 l;
• ndi isanayambike yogwira nthambi za zaka 3-4, kumwa kumawonjezera mpaka malita atatu pamtengo;
• pamtengo wazaka 4-6 zokhala ndi korona wopangidwa, kutuluka kwa mayankho ndi 4 l;
• munthu wachikulire, mtengo wopatsa zipatso amathandizidwa ndi malita 6 a yankho la sulfate yamkuwa;
• pokonza tchire la zipatso zam'madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli kuli mpaka 1.5 malita pachitsamba chilichonse;
• pakuthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, osasamala ndi njira yothetsera vutoli, gwiritsani ntchito 2 l / sq. m lalikulu.

Mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'mabedi, nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mkuwa wamkuwa (kupopera buluu) kumachitika korona ndi tsinde la mtengowo. Mukugwa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mobwerezabwereza, koma sulfate yamkuwa imasinthidwa ndi mankhwala ena kuti usaunjike mkuwa muzu wa dothi.

Kutetezedwa kwa zachilengedwe mbewu ku tizirombo ndi matenda

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira komanso mochedwa yophukira ndi sulfate yamkuwa kumawononga mpaka 60-70% ya mphutsi zotsalira nyengo yozizira, tizirombo tating'ono, mycelium ndi spores za bowa, ndi matenda ena. Chithandizo chimathandizira kuyenderera kwamkuwa kubzala ziwalo ndikuchotsa chlorosis.

Kumwaza ndi mankhwala a mkuwa kumachitika m'munda ndi mabulosi motsutsana ndi nkhaza, mawanga, moniliosis, cocciycosis, phyllosticosis, chlorosis, exanthema, dzimbiri, zowola, masamba a curly, ascochitosis, powdery mildew ndi matenda ena.

Mukabzala mbande kuti musataye matenda a mizu kuchokera ku matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya, tsitsani mizu mu 1% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa kwa mphindi 3-5. Kusachiritsira kwina komwe kumatha kuwotcha achinyamata.

Mutha kugula sulfate yamkuwa m'masitolo apadera ndi malo ena ogulitsira.

Tcherani khutu! Pamayikidwe amkuwa sulfate pali malingaliro owunikira pa kusungunuka, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi cholinga chazomera zamankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo awa.