Maluwa a Tulip amakhala chikondwerero cha masika. Ngati tulips amakongoletsa malowa chaka ndi chaka, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera ndiyo njira yopambana. Zomera zoyamba kubadwa zaku Asia zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kale ndizofunika kwambiri kudzikondweretsa kwawo komanso ku Old World, komwe zidagwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 16.
Chifukwa cha chikondi chapadziko lonse cha maluwa amenewa, patatha zaka zana limodzi, Netherlands idadziwika kuti dziko la tulips, ndipo lero makumi masauzande amitundu yamitundu yosangalatsa iyi, koma yotsika mtengo ndiyofalikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Madeti obzala tulips pansi
Timalima timaluwa tachilimwe kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena theka loyambirira la chilimwe. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kwambiri ikamatera ndi yophukira. M'masabata atatu, mababu amadzaza ndi kupanga mizu, koma osapanga gawo la mlengalenga. Izi zimalola tulips kuzizira bwino, ndipo pofika kutentha perekani masamba amphamvu ndikutsegulira corollas yayikulu.
Mukamazindikira nthawi yodzala tulips, ndikofunikira kuti tisalakwitse! Mababu atalowa m'munda kwambiri, amatha kupereka masamba. Ndipo chisanu chikubwera chidzatenga mbewu modzidzimutsa. Gawo lam'mwambalo lidzawundana, gawo lam'munsi lidzafooka ndipo silidzatha kutsimikizira maluwa otumphukira. Kubzala mochedwa kumaopseza kuti tulips alibe nthawi yozika mizu, chisanu champhamvu chitha kuwononga kapena kuwononga.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji nthawi yabwino? Kodi kubzala tulips pansi zosiyanasiyana zigawo?
Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti asamayang'ane kalendala, koma nyengo kunja kwenera. Chiyambi chabwino kwambiri chomera ndikubzala m'nthaka yomwe yatentha mpaka kutentha kwa 10-12 ° C.
Pakati panjira, zinthu zotere zimachitika pofika pakati pa Seputembala. Tulips amabzalidwa kumwera pambuyo pake; kumpoto, madeti amasinthidwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Ngati pazifukwa zina kugwa kwa tulips sikunagwere pamabedi az maluwa, mutha kuwabzala mu April. Tsoka ilo, motere, mbewuzo zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yokonzekera maluwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa zakudya chaka chamawa. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zosavuta ndikuti muchepetse kusamalidwa kwa tulips kutchire, ndibwino kumera mababu m'miphika za peat zodzadza ndi gawo lopanda michere musanadzale mababu. Asanabzale, mababuyo amawakhazikika maola 24 m'chipinda chamasamba cha firiji.
Tulips amasamutsidwa kumabedi a maluwa akayamba kutentha, ndipo nthaka imawotha mpaka +15 ° C. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo onse, kuphatikiza madera omwe tulips panja sizimakhalako nthawi yachisanu.
Kubzala tulips kulima kwakunja
Kuti maluwa a maluwa owoneka bwino azifunikira:
- dzuwa kapena mthunzi wowonekera;
- wathanzi, lotayirira lotayirira losakhudzidwa kapena pang'ono zamchere;
- kuteteza mphepo;
- kuthirira pang'ono.
Tsamba loyenerera kukula kwa tulips limakumbidwa mpaka lonse bayonet, limasulidwa, kuthyolana zovala, maudzu amasankhidwa ndipo feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu amayikidwa, mwachitsanzo, phulusa la humus ndi nkhuni. Dothi lambiri, lolemera limasakanizidwa ndi mchenga, peat.
Pansi pa tulips, komanso pansi pa zokolola zina zambiri, sikofunikira kubweretsa zatsopano, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mabakiteriya zowola ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Kukula kwa mizere yakukula tchire kutchire kutengera kukula kwa mababu. Chifukwa chake, amasankhidwa-osankhidwa, nthawi imodzi akupatula mitundu yazodwala komanso yowonongeka. Ndipo wathanzi kwa theka la ora lomira mu kanthunzi wakuda wa pinki wa potaziyamu permanganate ndipo wouma bwino.
Pokhala ndi mababu akulu akulu, amapanga mizere yakuya masentimita 20 mpaka 30, ndikutsanulira pilo ya masentimita 10 pansi pamchenga wopondera pansi. Ana amabzalidwa, ndikumakankhira pang'ono, m'maenje omwewo ndi madzi amodzimodzi, koma theka lambiri, ndiko kuti, akuya masentimita 7 000. Dothi likang'ambika, malowo amakwiririka.
Kusamalira tulips mutabzala panthaka
Tulips imangokhala ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso chofunikira ndikuwonetsa kwakukulu mitundu yowala. Bulb mbewu, monga lamulo, ndi odzichepetsa, komabe amafunika chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a masamba oyamba, mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kusamalidwa kwa Tulip mutabzala kumaphatikizapo:
- kuthirira, makamaka chochuluka munthawi ya masamba, maluwa ambiri ndipo mkati mwa masabata awiri atamaliza;
- Kuchotsa udzu kuzomera zobzala;
- zolondola, kuti musawononge mizu ndi mababu, kumasula;
- kuvala katatu konse kwamaluwa.
Pambuyo kuthirira, dothi pansi pa zomerazi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pamtunda wa 30 mpaka 40 cm, ndiye kuti, pa mita imodzi ya malo, kutengera mtundu wa dothi, malita 1040 a madzi ayenera kumetedwa.
Feteleza mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kapena granular ndi gawo limodzi la chisamaliro cha tulips mutabzala. Amabwera katatu:
- Gawo lachiwonetsero chamasamba oyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya asafe, magawo awiri a mchere wa phosphorous, gawo limodzi la mankhwala a potaziyamu;
- Pofika nthawi masamba obiriwira, kudyetsa mbewu nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu muyezo wa 1: 2: 2;
- Pambuyo maluwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a potaziyamu-phosphorous, kusiya kwathunthu nitrogen.
Ponena za kusamalira tulips, simungayiwale za njira yosavuta koma yothandiza. Maluwa akamazirala, amawadula limodzi ndi ma peduncle. Izi zithandiza kuti mababu asagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakukula kwa mababu.
Ngati mapesi a mbewu atakhazikika pamimba, simuyenera kudikirira mababu akulu, ndipo ana sangathe kulemera kwambiri.
Musanakule tulips, muyenera kudziwa kuti m'malo amodzi chikhalidwecho sichitha kuposa zaka 4. Kenako, chiwopsezo chodzikundikira mabakiteriya owopsa, mafangayi ndi tizirombo ta m'nthaka zimachulukirachulukira, mababuwo amakhala ndi zaka mwachilengedwe ndipo amafunika kupatsirana. Mababu otsala m'nthaka amapita mozama, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa kumakhala kovuta kuti zikumera zipite pansi. Zotsatira zake, maluwawo amakhala ocheperako, maulendo oyendayenda amakhala ochepa mphamvu komanso amafupika.
Masipu amakumbidwa pomwe masambawo amayamba kufota ndi kugwa. Ndikofunika kuthira malo omasulidwa ndi yankho la phytosporin, potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungosis iliyonse yomwe ikupezeka. Zomera zomwe zimakhalabe m'nthaka nthawi yachisanu, kuti pasazizire kuzizira, zimadzaza ndi peat, utuchi kapena yokutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce.
