Capsicum (Capsicum), wotchedwanso tsabola wokongoletsa, ndi membala wa banja la Solanaceae. Wobadwa pachaka kapena wobadwira ku South ndi Central America. Mitundu iyi imasokonezedwa nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wa Pepper (Piper), womwe ndi wa Pepper wa banja, ali ndi dzina lomweli.
Capsicum ndi shrub kapena shrub yomwe imakhala pachaka kapena osatha. Masamba olimba ndi chidutswa chimodzi. Maluwa opaka utoto kapena amodzi amapangika pamapangidwe a masamba, ali ndi utoto wofiirira kapena woyera. Zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira utoto, koma zimakhalanso zobiriwira, zachikaso, kapena zoyera.
Kusamalira Capsicum Kunyumba
Kuwala
Capsicum iyenera kuyatsa kuyatsa bwino, pomwe kuyatsa kuyenera kuyatsidwa. Dzuwa litapendekeka mwachindunji pamagawo a masamba, ndiye kuti kuwotcha kumawoneka pamtunda. M'chilimwe, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusunthira tchire la capicum kumsewu, kwinaku mukuliika m'malo otetezeka. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, tchire lifunika kuyatsa kowoneka bwino, apo ayi lidzakhala lokwera ndikulephera kukongoletsa.
Mitundu yotentha
Chaka chonse, m'chipinda momwe muli mbewu zoterezi, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kwapakati (kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 degrees). Komanso chipinda chino chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Zikakhala kuti sizingatheke kupereka kuwala kokwanira ku tchire nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino (pafupifupi madigiri 15).
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chomera choterocho chikuyenera kupereka chinyezi chambiri. Kuti muchite izi, pamafunika kuthira manyowa tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku sprayer. Ndipo mphika wokhala ndi capicum ukhoza kuyikidwa pallet, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi dongo lonyowa.
Momwe mungamwere
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, mbewu yotereyi imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okwanira, pomwe imachitidwa pambuyo pamtanda wapamwamba. Ndi nthawi yophukira, kuthilira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira iyenera kukhala yochepa. Thirani tchire ndi madzi ofewa, kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala kutentha kwa chipinda. Pofuna kuthana ndi chinyezi, nthaka ya analogue ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa capicum kumachitika kawiri pamwezi kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Seputembala, kuti mugwiritse ntchito feteleza wama mineral. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera umadyetsedwa pokhapokha kuwunikira, njirayi imachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 20.
Kudulira
Kuti chitsamba chikule msanga, chimayenera kukonzedwa mwadongosolo, pomwe zimayambira ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi la least. Kuti zipatso zikhale zochulukirapo, mazira oyamba akapangidwe, ndikofunikira kutsina nsonga za zimayambira.
Thirani
Chikhalidwechi chimakumana molakwika pakufalikira, pokhudzana ndi izi, akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti muthe kutulutsa chitsamba chaka chilichonse pachidebe chatsopano, pomwe muyenera kuchotsa gawo losakanizika ndi dothi lakale ndikuwonjezera zatsopano. Pobzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tsamba, mchenga ndi peat poyerekeza 4: 4: 1: 4. Musanafike pansi pa thanki muyenera kupanga donga labwino.
Njira zolerera
Pofalitsa mbewu yotere, njira yodula ndi kubereka (mbewu) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Musanabzale mbewu, muyenera mphindi 60. ikani yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Mbewu zitha kuikidwa mu minofu yonyowa, pomwe zimaswa. Kubzala kwawo kwa gawo lapansi kumachitika atapanga mizu. Ngati mukufuna, kufesa mbewu kumatha kuchitika mutanyowa. Zitsekeni zikhale zakuya kwambiri zomwe zidzakhale zofanana ndi mainchesi a mbewu. Kuti mbande zizioneka posachedwa, mbewuzo zimayenera kuchotsedwa pamalo otentha (pafupifupi 25 degrees). Pambuyo kumera, chidebe chimatha kusamutsidwa kupita kumalo ozizira.
Ma cuticum odulidwa amatha kufalikira kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, zimamera mwachangu mokwanira. Akazika mizu, adzafunika kutsina.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera chimadziwika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mealybugs. Ngati chipindacho chili ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndiye kuti ma kangaude ofiira akhoza kuwonekera patchire. Chifukwa chothirira pang'ono komanso chinyezi chochepa, makwinya a zipatso amawonekera, komanso chifukwa cha izi, maluwa amatha kuwuluka mozungulira. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala nthawi yozizira, masamba amatha kuwuluka. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, masamba ake amayamba kufeweka. Ndipo chifukwa chosayatsa bwino komanso kuperewera kwa chakudya, masamba ake amakula pang'ono, ndipo kukula kwa tchire kumachepera.
Mitundu ya capicum yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Tsabola wa pachaka kapena chilli (Capsicum annuum)
Izi osatha ndi chomera chamtundu umodzi ndi theka. Ma plical masamba opakidwa utoto wobiriwira, ndi osakwatiwa kapena gawo limodzi la malo ogulitsa, pomwe amafikira kutalika kwa 25 sentimita. Pamaso pa maluwa akuluakulu oyera akhoza kukhala timizere tofiirira, timtundu umodzi kapena tomwe tili ndi matumba. Zipatso zimasiyanasiyana kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe: kuchokera kuzungulira pang'onopang'ono mpaka pang'onopang'ono. Zitha kupaka utoto wachikasu, wofiira, wobiriwira kapena lalanje. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zoyaka kapena zotsekemera.
Tsabola wa Cayenne kapena shrubby (Capsicum frutescens)
Tchire losatha limakongoletsedwa ndi ma pulojekiti okongoletsa, iwo amawombera mbali zonse ziwiri. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda komanso mosiyanitsa. Mtundu wa maluwa amtundu umodzi ndi loyera. Chipatsocho ndi pod, kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana 20 mpaka 50 mm, ndi ofukula komanso yopapatiza, ndipo utoto wake ndi wachikaso, wofiirira, oyera kapena ofiira. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumayaka.
Tsabola wa Berry, zipatso zokhala ndi mabulosi (Capsicum baccatum)
Chomera chamtali wa mamitala awiri sichitha. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amafika kutalika pafupifupi mamitala 0.3. Maluwa oyera obiriwira nthawi zambiri amakhala okha, pamwamba pawo pali madontho obiriwira, achikaso oyera kapena otuwa. Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi osiyanasiyana - kuchokera kuzitali zazitali mpaka zazing'ono zazing'ono, zimakhala zofiirira, zasooka, zachikasu kapena zofiirira. Poyamba, zipatso zimakula vertically, koma pakapita nthawi zimatsika. Kukoma kwa zipatso kukuyaka.
Tsabola waku China (Capsicum chinense)
Kutalika kwa chomera chamtunduwu kumatha kufikira theka la mita. Mawonekedwe a masamba opindika a ovoid ndi amtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono ndi gawo la Magulu kapena osakwatiwa, amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Zipatso zimatha kukhala zamtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi zowawa kwambiri.
Tsabola wa Pubescent (Capsicum pubescens)
Kutalika kwa chitsamba chotere, komwe ndi kosatha, kumatha kuchoka pa 3 mpaka 4m.Pamene pamakhala zinthu zina zakunja, pomwe zimayamba kulimba. Kutalika kwa ma masamba a pubescent kumayambira masentimita 10 mpaka 12, masamba ndi ovoid mawonekedwe, amasenda pansi mpaka kumapeto. Maluwa opaka utoto kapena amodzi amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Zipatso zazifupi zofowoka zimatha kukhala ndi lalanje, chikaso, mtundu wofiirira kapena mtundu wa bulauni, nthawi zina ngakhale asanapere, mtundu wawo umakhala wakuda. Kukoma kwa zipatso zotere kukuyaka.
