Maluwa a Blomarea Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kuthengo Kukula kwa mbewu ndi kufalitsa Mitundu ya zithunzi

Liana bomareya kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera chithunzi

Bomarea (Latin: Bomarea) ndi chomera cha herbaceous kapena shrubby m'njira yokweza kapena kukwera chimwala cha banja la Alstremería, kutengera mtunduwu, imatha kutalika mamita 2-5. Dzinalo limaperekedwa polemekeza Jacques-Christophe Valmon de Beaumard - Wachilengedwe waku France ndi wasayansi wazomera zaku France. Malo achilengedwe ndiofala ku South ndi Central America, kuyambira kumalire a Mexico.

Liana ndi woonda kapena wopanda pake. Amayandikira mosavuta. Masamba osalala ndi osavuta, owumbika bwino, nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe ake ndi osalala, osatinso - pubescent. Masamba adalumikizidwa mosiyanasiyana, ali ndi kuthekera kosangalatsa (kuyambiranso): amapindika pa petiole ndi 180º, kotero kumtunda kwa tsamba kumakhala pansi, ndipo pansi ndi kochokera pamwamba.

Kuwala kwa maluwawa ndikutalika, kumawoneka bwino. Mawonekedwe ooneka ngati belu kapena ma tubular corollas amasonkhanitsidwa mumitundu yamagalasi kapena maambulera inflorescence. Inflorescence imodzi imakhala ndi masamba 40-100. Ma Corollas ndi akulu (awiri 3-6 cm), mitundu yowala: chikaso, lalanje, matatani ofiira, kuphatikiza kosiyana. Chifukwa cha maluwa ochititsa chidwiwo, wamaluwa amalima mokulira mtima wawo, ngakhale kuti nyengo yotentha imatha kubzalidwa chaka chilichonse.

Mitundu ina ya maumbo opatsirana ali ndi mankhwala, pali oimira.

Bomarea liana limagwiritsidwa ntchito poima patali (pergola, zipilala, makoma, makongoletsedwe a malo odyera ndi arbor). Pakati panjira, nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa mumipanda, zomwe zimasungidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yozizira.

Pamene bomarea limamasula

Maluwa okongola a maluwa otchedwa bomarea amayamba m'mwezi wa Meyi ndipo amatha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Kuswana

Bomarea imafalitsidwa ndi njira zobala zipatso (mbewu) ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri amakonda kugula mbande zodyeramo mwapadera.

Kukula bomarea kuchokera ku mbewu

Mbewu za bomarei chithunzi cha mabokosi ambewu

Potentha, mbewu zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka, kutentha kukakhazikitsidwa pa 13-16 ° C.

Kubzala mbande ndi momwe

Kwa madera ena, mbande zokulira zidzafunika. Njira yamera yambewu imatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ndiye chifukwa chake muyamba kufesa koyambirira kwa February. Bzalani mumzumbi ndi dothi lotayirira loyenera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akukhuta.

Gawani mbeu panthaka pokhapokha ndikanikizira pang'ono, nyinyirani kuchokera ku chitsuliziro chabwino, kuphimba mbewuzo ndi kapu kapena kanema, perekani kuyatsa.
Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kukufunika: sungani 20 20 ° C kwa masabata awiri, ndiye gwiritsitsani kutentha kwa 5 ° C nthawi yomweyo, kenako bwererani ku chilembo choyambirira (20-24 ° C).
Musaiwale kuyambitsa mbewu, pena ndikuwaza dothi.

Bomarea kuchokera kumbewu kuti akweretsere chithunzi

Zomera zazing'ono zikakhala ndi timapepala totsimikizika 3-4, zibzalani m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakukula bwino kwa liana, kuchuluka kwa mphika kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi malita atatu. Ikani ku malo otseguka mu Meyi, pomwe kuwopseza chisanu kwathunthu kudutsa. Mutha kupita kuti mukule mchipinda.

Kubala kwa bomarei pogawa chitsamba

Momwe mungagawire chithunzi cha bushala wa bush

Vejiyo mwavomwo vakafwanyisa mwakugava tchire. Ndondomeko ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe (pafupifupi mu Marichi). Gawani chomera chimodzi m'magawo angapo, chilichonse chomwe chikuyenera kukhala ndi nthangala (kapena ma tubers) ndikukula, chomera mu chidebe chosakanizika ndi dothi kuti chikale.

Madzi ambiri, ikani mavalidwe apamwamba (kuti chomera chizika mizu bwino ndipo mwakonzeka kumuthira panthaka).

Malo okula bomarea

Kuti mukulitse bomaroea panthaka, sankhani malo owala bwino komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo ndi mphepo. Mbali yakumadzulo kapena yakumwera ndiyabwino kwambiri, koma m'maola masana kumatetezedwa ku dzuwa lowongolera ndikofunikira.

Makhalidwe a dothi: zakudya, madzi ndi mpweya, kuphatikizika. Dothi lamchenga komanso loamy ndilabwino.

Bomarea liana akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'nyumba. Kuti muchite izi, khalani pansi pazenera lakumwera.

Kubzala mbande pansi

Kubzala kwa Bomarei panthaka kumachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo, kutentha kwokhazikika kumakhazikitsidwa. Nyengo ikadakhala yabwino, mutha kubzala kumapeto kwa Meyi.

Kumbani dzenje lakukulirapo kotero kuti dothi lokwanira (pafupifupi 3 cm) limakwanira pansi ndikuzala limodzi ndi chotupa, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamalo oyandikira dothi.
Mukabzala tubers, chitani chimodzimodzi ndikubzala gladioli, simuyenera kuchita zambiri.

Madzi ochulukirapo.

Momwe mungasamalire bomarey panja

Kusamalira bomarey poyera chithunzi

Momwe mungamwere

Panthawi yozula mizu ndi kukula kwa mphukira, kuthirira kokwanira kumafunikira: pafupifupi malita 10 amadzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse kamodzi pa sabata ndi chizoloŵezi. Madzi pang'ono. Ndikokwanira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwamadzi amodzi, koma pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 14 - masiku angapo masiku angapo madziwo atathirira, nthaka iyenera kutiuma. Pouma, kotentha, kuwaza nthawi zina.

Momwe mungadyetse

Bomarei ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wama mineral (sankhani nyimbo za maluwa). Ikani pansi muzu ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi m'masabata awiri, ndende iyenera kutsatira malangizo. Ma organic (yankho la manyowa owiritsa nkhuku kapena manyowa a ng'ombe pakuwonjezedwa kwa 1 mpaka 10) amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndioyenera chomera cholimba.

Pambuyo maluwa, kufupikitsa mphukira ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kuti mulimbikitse kulima.

Liana amafunikira thandizo.

Zima moarei

Bamarai amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -5 ° C. Nyengo yotentha imatha nthawi yozizira panja. Kuti muchite izi, mu kugwa, mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa kumizu ndikuphimba dothi ndi peat, masamba owuma kapena nthambi zonona. Kuti muwonetsetse za chitetezo cha mbeuyo, ndibwino kukumba dzinthuzo ndi dothi, ndibzale mumphika wamchenga ndi utuchi, sitolo m'chipinda chozizira chamdima, ndikupukuta nthaka nthawi zina.

Mukakulitsa kuuma m'mimba mu chidebe, ndikuyamba nyengo yozizira, dulani mpesa pansi pazu ndikuusintha kuti usungidwe mchipindacho, perekani izi pamwambapa.

Mutha kukula kukhala bomarea ngati pachaka.

Mukakula m'nyumba kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, mmera umapumira. Lekani kudyetsa, onetsetsani kuthirira komanso kuzizira kwa mpweya.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mtengowu suthana ndi matenda komanso tizirombo, koma kusasamalira mokwanira kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto.

Masamba akataya kulimba, droop, onetsetsani kuti mizu yake iwola. Izi zimachitika ndikudula kwamadzi m'nthaka. Chotsani madera omwe akhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito ndi fungicide ndikusintha. Lolani matope kuti aume kotheratu, kenako sinthani makatani.

Mapeto a masamba adzauma chifukwa chosowa chinyontho, maluwa amatha. Muyenera kusamalira osati kuthirira, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa chomera.

Pakati pa tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthomba, ndi nthangala za akangaude zimatha kusokoneza. kupewa kumapeto kwa kasupe, kuthandizira kukonzekera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kubwereza njirayi pambuyo masiku 10. Ngati zizindikiro za kuwonongeka zapezeka (mbale zamtambo zokhota, zosinthika, madontho akuda zimawoneka), ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mitundu ya bomarei yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Edible bomarea Bomarea edulis

Chithunzi chojambula bomarea Bomarea edulis

Dzinalo limachokera chifukwa chakuti ma tubers ndi oyenera kudya. M'madera ena a Andes, iwo amakula mwapadera chifukwa cha chakudya. Zimayambira ndizopindika, zikakula m'nyumba, zimakhazikika pafupifupi mamita 2, zimamera mumsewu woposa mamita 3. Masamba ofunda amakhala osachedwa, kutalika kwa 13-15 masentimita, obiriwira obiriwira pang'ono, mawonekedwe ake ndi osalala ndipo mbali yakumapeto ndiyofupika pang'ono.

Gawo lamkati la duwa limatha kukhala ndi chikasu chobiriwira, chofiyira kapena chofiirira chokhala ndi mawonekedwe, mbali yakunjayo imatha kukhala yapinki, yofiira, nsomba.

Mtundu wolephera kuzizira kwambiri womwe nthawi zambiri umaloleza kutsika kwa -5 ° C. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukule mipesa pamalo otseguka pakati pa Russia, koma nthawi yachisanu m'nyumba yozizira ndiyofunikira. Kwa mtundu uwu wa bomarea, malo ometedwa pang'ono amafunikira.

Bomarea multiflora Bomarea multiflora

Chithunzi cha Bomarea multiflora Bomarea multiflora chithunzi

Liana alibe zovuta kukwera mphukira mpaka mamita 3.5. Masamba a masamba ophimbidwa ndi pubescence kumbuyo kwa tsamba, mbali yakumbuyo ya pubescent kumunsi. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa pubescence, masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi mtundu wa brownish, womwe umawonjezera kukongoletsa. Kutalika kwa maluwa a tubular ndi 4-5 masentimita, amasonkhana ambulera inflorescence, ndikupanga mtundu wa mpira. Gawo lakunja la corolla limakhala ndi kamvekedwe kofiirira ka chikaso, lalanje kapena njerwa, gawo lamkati limakhala lachikasu kapena lalanje lokhala ndi timawuti tofiira.

Bomarea caldasa Bomarea caldasii

Chithunzi cha Bomarea caldasa Bomarea caldasii chithunzi

Mpweya wobiriwira wokhazikika wochokera ku Central ndi South America, pomwe umatha kumera ngati udzu, ukuvulaza mbewu zobzalidwa. Mukakula mu nyengo yathuyi siliopseza mbewu zina. Kutalika kwa mpesawo ndi 2-5 m .. Pamtunda pake pamakutidwa ndi khungu loonda la utoto, masamba amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mtundu wotuwa.

Maluwa ndi akulu, kutalika kwa belu kumafika masentimita 6, amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera inflorescence-sphere. Duwa lililonse limakhala lofanana ndi ulalo wofiyira, mbali yakunja ya corolla ndi yofiyira kwambiri, lalanje, chikasu, mkati mwake ndimakaso achikasu okhala ndi zidutswa zazikulu zofiira.

Bomarea Pardina Bomarea pardina

Chithunzi cha Bomarea Pardina Bomarea pardina chithunzi

Maluwa okongola okongola kwambiri a maluwa ofiira a coral ofiira okhala ndi malangizo oyera oyera okhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda. Malingaliro ndiwosangalatsa. Liana ndi wochokera ku Ecuador.

Malo otetezera bomarea

Bomareya pakuwoneka chithunzi chamaso ndi liana

Pazipangidwe kamangidwe, bomarey imagwiritsidwa ntchito poima dimba. Mapulogalamu ake azikulunga ndi chipilala, pergola, khoma kapena khoma pomwe inflatescence yowala ya bomarei iphulika posachedwa - kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwa mbewu.