Gusmania ndichomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso owoneka bwino, ofiira nthawi zambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya gusmania ndi zomera zotchuka zamkati. Gusmania limamasula kutengera mitundu ya masika kapena chilimwe. Imadabwitsa ndi kukongola kwake ndi kunyezimira. Chimakwanira bwino m'chipinda chilichonse. Tilankhula za mawonekedwe a gusmania yomwe ikukula mchipinda m'nkhaniyi.
Gusmania.
Mwachidule za fuko la Gusmania
Gusmania (Guzmania) - mtundu wobiriwira wazomera wa banja la bromeliad (Bromeliaceae) Nthawi zina chomera chimatchedwa molakwika kuti guzmania.
Mitundu ya gusmania ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 130 ya ma epiphytes ndi mbewu zapadziko lapansi zoperekedwa ku South Florida, West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, Brazil; amakula m'nkhalango, m'mapiri otseguka pamalo okwera mpaka 2400 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Maluwa amtundu wina wa gusmania ndi aclematogamous, ndiye kuti, samatseguka ndipo kudzivundula kumachitika mkati mwa masamba.
Gusmania kukula zofunika
Kuwala: wowala kwambiri. M'chilimwe masana, gusmania iyenera kukhala yamchere. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kwabwino kumafunika.
Kutentha: zolimbitsa, nthawi ya masika-chilimwe + 20 ... + 25 ° С, nthawi yophukira-yozizira - mulingo woyenera kuzungulira + 16 ... + 20 ° С, osatsika kuposa + 12 ° С. Kuti maluwa akutulutsa bwino a gusmania, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge kutentha mkati mwa + 25 ° C.
Kuthirira: zolimbitsa, nthawi ya masika-chilimwe kufikira malo ogulitsira, madzi mmenemo azikhala nthawi zonse. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuthirira gusmania kumachepetsedwa, sikulimbikitsidwa kuthiridwa madzi mu socket.
Chinyezi cha mpweya: mkulu - 70-80%. Mu nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, gusmania imafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikulimbikitsidwa. Imakula bwino m'malo otentha, m'maluwa, m'malo obiriwira.
Kudyetsa gusmania: nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yachilimwe kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza wothiriridwa ku malo ogulitsira.
Nthawi yopumira ya Gusmania: kukakamizidwa, chifukwa chochepetsedwa masana masana komanso chinyezi chochepa, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Ogasiti.
Kupatsira Gusmania: ngati pakufunika zaka 2.
Kuswana: ana ofananira nawo, mbewu.
GusmaniaZambiri za Gosmania Care
Kuyatsa kwa gusmania
Gusmania ikhoza kumalidwa pabwino komanso yabwinobwino. Amakonda kuwala kosiyanitsidwa, kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa masana amayenera kuzunguliridwa mwachitsanzo, ndi pepala lowala kapena nsalu. Imakula bwino pamawindo akumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Imakula bwino pamawindo akumpoto, koma sikuyenera kutulutsa. M'chilimwe, gusmania imatha kutulutsidwa panja, koma iyenera kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa, kuchokera kumvula komanso kukonzekera. Ngati mulibe mwayi woyika mbewu kunja nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti muyenera kupatsirana malo mchipindacho.
Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira ya gusmania, kuyatsa kwabwino ndikofunikira, panthawiyi shading sifunikanso. Mutha kupanga zowunikira zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent, ndikuziyika pamwamba pa chomeracho mtunda wa 50-60 cm, kwa maola osachepera 8 patsiku. Mu nthawi yophukira-yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino uchipinda, koma kukonzekera kuyenera kupewedwa.
Kuthirira gusmanii ndi chinyezi
Nthawi yakula (kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Okutobala), gusmania imathiriridwa mokwanira monga nthaka ikamuma. Madzi amathiridwa m'malo opezekera, makamaka m'mawa. Madzi amafunika kuti asinthidwe nthawi ndi nthawi m'mabowo. Isanayambike nyengo yotsika patadutsa maluwa a gusmania, madzi amatulutsidwa kuchokera pamalo ogulitsira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, ndipo kumakhalapo pansipa + 20 ° C, madzi samatsanuliridwa mumalaya, koma mbewuyo imapakidwa.
Zomera zomwe zimayikidwa pamtengo wa bromeliad zimachotsedwa pachithandizo mwina kamodzi masiku 10 ndi kumizidwa m'madzi okhazikika mpaka zokhutitsidwa, pambuyo pake zimalolera kuti madzi ambiri aturuke ndikubwerera kumalo.
Madzi othirira gusmania amagwiritsa ntchito okhazikika komanso ofewa, madigiri 2-3 pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Zomwe mbewuzo nthawi yachisanu zimakhala pamwamba + 20 ° C, nthawi zina mumathira madzi pang'ono kutulutsa, m'mawa pokha ndipo kumatentha nthawi zonse.
Monga bromeliad onse, gusmania imakonda chinyezi chambiri. Mulingo woyenera kuti iye alimidwe mu terariamu kapena chonyowa. Ndikofunikira kupopera mbewuzo kangapo patsiku. Kuchulukitsa chinyezi, mbewuyo ikhoza kuikidwa pallet ndi chonyowa moss, dongo kapena miyala yamiyala. Poterepa, pansi pamphika suyenera kukhudza madzi. Muyenera kupukuta masamba a gusmania ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza, ndikuyeretsa kuchokera kufumbi, kugwiritsa ntchito sera yapadera kuti iunikire masamba sikofunika.
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, feteleza wa feteleza wa gusmania amachitika kamodzi pamwezi, pomwe fetelezayu amachepetsedwa ndi madzi othirira ndikutsanuliridwa. Feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kwa bromeliads kapena wamba wamba zam'mimba, koma amatengedwa muyezo kangapo kofanana ndi mbewu zina. Kumbukirani kuti mlingo wa nayitrogeni mu feteleza uyenera kukhala wotsika, kuchepa kwake kungayambitse kufa kwa chomera.
Gusmania, Gulu la "Scarlet Star"Kuyika kwa Gusmania ndi gawo lapansi
Gusmania imasinthidwa ngati pakufunika, 1 kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Pakubzala, khosi la mbewu siligwa, pomwe mmera umatha kuwola ndi kufa.
Gawo lokhala ndi gusmania yokulirapo liyenera kukhala louma, lokwanira ayenera kukhala osachepera 1/3 kutalika kwa mphika. Mwa mitundu ya epiphytic, osakaniza amaphatikizidwa ndi khungwa losweka la paini, sphagnum wosenda, peat, tsamba, humus lapansi (kapena mullein wouma) mu chiyerekezo cha 3: 1: 1: 1: 0.5 ndi kuwonjezera kwa perlite ndi zidutswa zamakala.
Mwa mitundu yapadziko lapansi ya gusmania, gawo lapansi limakonzedwa kuchokera ku pepala, dothi la humus, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1: 0.5) Sphagnum, dambo la turf, makungwa a mitengo, ndi makala opaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera. Kuthekera kwokweza sikuyenera kukhala kwakuya kwambiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zochuluka.
Kuswana kwa Gusmania
Gusmania samakonda kufalikira ndi mbewu, makamaka ndi ana.
Kufalikira kwa gusmania ndi mbewu
Mbewu zofesedwa mu sphagnum wosweka kapena peat ndi mchenga wowonjezeredwa. Asanafesere mbewu, imatsukidwa mu njira yofooka ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate ndikuuma. Mbewu za gusmania sizinabzalidwe m'nthaka, chifukwa zimamera m'kuwala. Sungani kutentha mkati mwa + 22 ... + 24 ° С, mpweya wokwanira komanso utsi. Pambuyo masiku 10-20 mphukira kuwonekera, pambuyo 2-2.5 miyezi anakwiririka mu chisakanizo cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tsamba lamasamba ndi peat (1: 2: 4). Pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mbande zolimba zibzalidwe. Zomera zazing'ono zimamera pachaka 3-4.
Kufalikira kwa gusmania ndi mphukira
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa gusmania ndi njira (ana). Pambuyo maluwa, mbewu imafa, koma nthawi yomweyo, pamunsi, kusinthika kwa masamba kudzutsa, ndikupatsa ana ambiri. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2, amapanga masamba 3-4 ndi mizu yofooka.
Amalekanitsidwa limodzi ndi mizu, ndikuwabzala mumipanda yodzadza ndi sphagnum, kapena munthaka yomwe ili ndi dothi lamasamba, makungwa a pine ndi mchenga (3: 1: 1). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo loyera la turf, tsamba, humus nthaka, peat ndi mchenga pazowerengera 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0,5, kapena osakaniza chopangidwa cha bromeliads.
Ikani chidebe pamalo otentha ndi kutentha kwa + 26 ... + 28 ° С, kuphimba ndi kapu yagalasi kapena thumba la pulasitiki lowonekera pamwamba. Pansi pagalasi, pamalo otentha komanso osasangalatsa, gusmania yachinyamata imakula msanga.
Zomera zikamera ndikukula, zimazolowera zikhalidwe za chisamaliro cha akulu.
Mphukira yokhazikitsidwa ndi Gusmania.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta gusmania
Gusmania ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kosasintha. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu makoma a masamba kungayambitse kusilira kwa mtengowo, komanso kuwola kwa mizu ndi maziko a tsinde.
Mukathirira kwambiri, gusmania imatha kuvunda, kotero kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikuthira madzi mu tsamba. Dzuwa mwachindunji limayambitsa kuwotcha pamasamba.
Gusmania imakhudzidwanso ndi kangaude - mu mpweya wouma, pomwe masamba ndi zimayambira zikuwongoleredwa ndi ma cobwebs; zishango - zikwangwani zofiirira zimawoneka pamasamba ndi zimayambira, kusiya masamba owuma; mealybugs - mbewu zikaphimbidwa ndi thonje loyera ngati thonje, ma aphid.
Mtengowo ungathandizidwe ndi chithandizo ndi madzi a sopo, kutsuka mwachikondi ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Actellicum (1-2 ml pa lita imodzi yamadzi).
Malekezero owuma a masamba a gusmania amawonetsa chinyezi chochepa kwambiri kapena kusowa kwa madzi mu chimbudzi.
White limescale pamasamba a gusmania amayamba chifukwa chothira / kuthilira ndi madzi olimba. Gwiritsani ntchito cholinga ichi pokhapokha ngati madzi akhazikika bwino, mvula kapena madzi osefa.
