Kuti muthe kukolola kwakukulu ndi maapulo abwino, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuganizira momwe mungatetezere mtengo wa apulo ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo tina zovulaza. Wamaluwa wodziwa zambiri adatha kupanga makina oyendetsedwamo omwe ndizotheka kusunga zipatso zonse kwathunthu. Mitengo ya apulo ya masika ndiyotetezeka kwambiri.
Momwe mungasinthire mitengo ya apulo mu April
Musanayambe ndikupanga, ndikofunikira kukonzekera mtengo wa maapozi m'munda. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani nthambi zonse ndi gawo la kotekisi yomwe ili ndi kachilombo. Zilonda zomwe zimatsalira pamtengo zitatha izi ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Pa izi, yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate limagwiritsidwa ntchito, pambuyo pake pamakhala chipika cha dimba la varti. Pambuyo pake, pamwamba pa thunthu liyenera kuthandizidwa ndimatayala am'munda, iyi ndi njira yoteteza ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toopsa. Ndipokhapokha ngati munthu atha kuyamba kuwaza mtengo wa apulo.
Kuti muteteze mtengowo, chithandizo chimodzi sichokwanira. Chifukwa chake, odziwa zamaluwa amatsatira njirayi katatu:
- pamaso pa impso;
- pomwe impso zidzatupa;
- mbewu itatha.
Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika nthawi ya March. Pakadali pano, impso sizinayambe kutupa, ndipo mpweya mumsewu umayamba kutentha mpaka madigiri 5 ndi kupitilira apo. Zomera zikamasuluka, chithandizo sichiyenera kuchitika, chifukwa ngati sichoncho njuchi sizimatulutsa maluwa. Mitengo ya Apple imatha kukonzedwa kuyambira masana mpaka madzulo. Ndikofunika kusankha tsiku lodetsa nkhawa koma osati mvula. Zingatanthauze chiyani pakupopera masamba a mitengo ya apulo?
Vitriol wabuluu
Popeza chida ichi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olima kwa zaka zambiri, kuyenera kwake kumatsimikiziridwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa sulphate kumakupatsani mwayi wochotsa moniliosis, phyllosticosis, nkhanambo, tsitsi lopotana ndi matenda ena. Koma munthawi yomweyo, chinthuchi chili ndi mphamvu imodzi yofunika, yomwe ndi acidity yokwanira. Komabe, ikasakanizika ndi mankhwala amchere, acidity imachepa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbewuyi, mutha kupanga mayankho osiyanasiyana:
- Bordeaux osakaniza. Yankho lotere limakhala ndi timelime ndi sulfate yamkuwa. Pantchito yoyamba ya kasupe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho lalitali kwambiri, kuti mupange, muyenera kupukusira magalamu 450 afullime ndi magalamu 300 a mkuwa sulphate m'malita 10 amadzi. Mankhwala otsatirawa, njira yocheperako iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mumalita 10 amadzi muyenera kupatula magalamu 150 a mandimu ndi magalamu 100 amchere wa sulfure.
- Kusakaniza kwa Burgundy. Kuti mupeze, muyenera kuphatikiza phulusa la soda ndi mkuwa wa sulfate muyezo wa 1: 1. Pambuyo pake, kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 150 magalamu a zotsatira zosakanikirana ayenera kusungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli poyerekeza ndi yapita siyigwira ntchito bwino, koma pambuyo poti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaleti sikuwoneka filimu.
- Yothetsera ndi sopo wochapa. Nthawi zina, osakaniza wopezeka ndi ndowa, magalamu 150 a sopo ochapira ndi magalamu 20 a sulfure yamkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumatha kuyambitsa mbewuyo pang'ono, koma siyothandiza kwenikweni.
Urea ndi sulfate yachitsulo
Iron sulfate sikuti imangowononga tizirombo tambiri ndi matenda ambiri, komanso imadyetsa mbewuyo ndi chinthu monga chitsulo. Komabe, izi zili ndi phindu lalikulu, chifukwa,, kufalikira kwa zipatso kapena mbewu yopanda phindu ikhoza kuonedwa. Monga lamulo, yankho losakhala loposa 3-5 peresenti limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso, koma ngati kusakaniza kopitilira muyeso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti kuwotcha kumatha kutsalira pamitengo ya apulo.
Urea amathandizidwa ndi chikhalidwe chamtchire chakumapeto, kuti awononge nsabwe, makosi, mbozi zamtundu wamasamba ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda, komanso mphutsi zomwe zimayikidwa ndi iwo. Kuthira koyamba mu kasupe kumachitika ndi chisakanizo chophatikizira ndowa, ma kilogalamu 0,5 a urea (urea) ndi sulfate yaying'ono yamkuwa imatsanuliridwanso. Patadutsa masiku 7 chomera chitha, chimathandizidwa ndi yankho losakwaniritsidwa, kotero magalamu 10 amatengedwa pa ndowa.
Colloidal sulufule ndi mafuta a dizilo
Pa chithandizo choyambirira cha mitengo ya apulo mu April, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a dizili. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ziyenera kuchitika musanafike impso, chifukwa izi zimatha kuwotcha, komanso masamba. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mafuta othira mafuta m'mizere kumatha kusiya njira zosafunikira. Kuti mupange kusakaniza, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza madzi ndi mafuta a dizili muyezo wa 2: 1.
Njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi sulufule ya colloidal imathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi nkhanambo, komanso ufa wa powdery. Kuyambira 30 mpaka 80 magalamu a chinthucho ayenera kusungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi. Kuti apange kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika, sopo yochapira iyenera kuyikidwa mu yankho lake. Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi nkhupakupa, amagwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa laimu-sulfure. Kuti mukonzekere, sakanizani 0,4 kg wa sulfure ufa, 0,6 kg wa hydrate laimu ndi malita awiri amadzi. Osakaniza ayenera kuwiritsa kwa gawo limodzi mwa ola.
Mankhwala amakono a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda
Ngati mumakonda mankhwala amakono opangidwa kuti athane ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambitsa matenda omwe angavulaze mitengo ya apulo, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita ku malo ogulitsira apadera. Patsamba pake mudzaona njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo samangoyang'ana pang'ono, pomwe ena amakhala ndi zovuta kuchita. Pofuna kuteteza mitengo ya maapulo ndi kukolola zochuluka, wosamalira mundawo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotere kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi pamwambapa. Sizingatheke kufotokoza njira zonsezi, chifukwa mndandanda wawo umasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi zida monga:
- Mankhwala ndi nambala 30. Mankhwala oterewa ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi tizilombo tina tosavomerezeka, pomwe ali ndi mphamvu yotakata. Sizinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa tizilombo tinavuto, koma chifukwa cha filimu yomwe idawonekera atagwiritsa ntchito wothandizirayo, tizirombo sitingapitirizebe kukhalapo. Chida ichi ndi chopanda vuto, koma akatswiri amalangiza kuti chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzanso osatinso zaka zitatu zilizonse.
- Nitrafen. Mankhwalawa amaphatikiza mphamvu za tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso fangayi. Chida ichi chitha kusiya kuwotcha pamasamba, pankhaniyi, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo choyambirira cha kasupe komanso pokhapokha kutupa kwa impso kumachitika.
- Pansi. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso amatha kuthana ndi dzimbiri, tsango, khansa, matenda a chifuwa, matenda a coccomycosis ndi matenda ena. Chida ichi chamnyengo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 1 yokhayo.
- Actellik. Mbewuyo ikathiridwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzafa patangopita maola ochepa, ndipo zonse chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a organophosphorous.
- Actara. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo mtengowo ukazirala. Chida ichi chimapulumutsa kuchokera ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsabwe za m'masamba, zovala zoyera komanso tizilombo tina zovulaza.
- Topazi ndi Skor. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kukhala zisanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake. Athandizira kuchotsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mitengo ya maapulo ndikofunikira, chifukwa ngati mulimi akhoza kusiyidwa wopanda mbewu.
