Mtundu wokongoletsa m'minda ndi mitengo yachilendo, yachilendo komanso yachilendo siudapitepo ngakhale zikhalidwe zamitengo. Imodzi mwa mitengo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yachilengedwe, nkhalango nissa, itha kukhala pakati pazomera zomwe zitha kudzitama zokha. Kukongola uku ndi korona wautali, wokongola komanso wamphamvu ndi wa zimphona zabwino kwambiri za m'munda. Ngakhale kuti Nyssa ndiwokongola nthawi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, chiwonetsero chenicheni chimangoyambira kugwa: Kusintha mtundu wobiriwira kuti ukhale wachikasu kumayang'ana pagulu la mithunzi yofiira yamphamvu, momwe mtengo umavalira ngati imodzi yomaliza kumunda. Nyssa ndi chomera chokhala ndi zovuta za nyengo yozizira, koma choyenera kukula osati kum'mwera kokha, komanso mumsewu wapakati.
Nyssa nkhalango (Nyssa sylvatica).
Autumn mfumukazi yodziwika bwino zosowa
Nyssa amakula m'malo otentha komanso nyengo yozizira. Mwachilengedwe, kufalikira kwa mitengo yodabwitsayi kumachitika makamaka kum'mawa kwa North America kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Ontario ndi kumpoto kwa Florida kupita ku Texas komanso ku Mexico, komanso kumapezeka ku East. Ichi ndi mtengo wosakhazikika, womwe umatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana - mapiri owuma ndi chithaphwi - m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zopindika. Nyssa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'makampani, nkhuni zawo zoyera, zopepuka zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kachulukidwe. Koma ntchito zofunikira sizikhala kuphimba maluso okongoletsa.
Nkhalango ya Nissa (Nyssa sylvatica) ndi imodzi mwazipinda zazikulu kwambiri zam'munda zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe okhwima a korona. Zowona, ngati tilingalira za mtengowo mu zinthu zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti zitha kuikidwa mwachangu, koma kutalika kwakukulu m'mundamo kumapangitsa kuti ma nyssa akhale zimphona zoona zokongoletsa. Mwachilengedwe, nyssa ndi ochepa mpaka 10-30 mamita ndi theka la mainchesi; m'mundamu, kutalika kotalika ndi 10-15 m kutalika ndi mulifupi mita 5-7. Nyssa ili ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, yokhala pansi kwambiri. Koma ngakhale ndi mphamvu yonse ya muzu wapakati, mtundu uwu ndi umodzi wovuta kwambiri, wokonda kutulutsa ndi kuvulala kwamizu. Komatu ili ndi mtundu wamatabwa okongola mwachangu kwambiri. Chisoti chachifumu cha m'nkhalango ya nyssa ndi chokhotakhota, chosangalatsa, chambiri. Chifukwa chakuti nthambi zonse ndizopingasa ndipo zophukira mwamphamvu, zopendekera za nissa sizingachite chidwi ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a longline. Makungwa a mtengowo ndi imvi, timitengo tating'onoting'ono timakhala timtengo, ndipo khungwa lakale limatulutsa timiyala tating'ono. Masamba a Nissa ndi glossy, okhala ndi malire osalala, okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Masamba sapitirira 13 cm mulitali ndipo amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana panthambi. Koma osati mtundu wolemera, wakuda, wowoneka bwino korona wamalimwe wa Nyssa amakopa maso ake kubiriwira. Zokongoletsera zazikulu za Nyssa ndi mtundu wa masamba a masamba. Amasinthasintha mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira komanso oyang'ana kubiriwira kwambiri kumayendedwe ofiira owala omwe amaphimba mosavuta mitengo iliyonse, kuphatikiza mapulo okongola.
Utoto wautoto wa m'nkhalango ya Nissa umaphatikizapo lalanje-ofiira, owala bwino. Mitundu ya utoto wofiirira-violet wokhala ndi mthunzi wozizira sakhala wamba, koma mu zaka zosiyana, masamba achikasu amathanso kusakanikirana ndi missa yofiira. Mtundu wa Nissa umasintha mosasintha: poyamba, mtengo wonsewo umakonzedwanso bwino, chikaso chosinthika, ndipo pokhapokha nyengo yabwino ikhoza kuwoneka mitundu yapadera. Nthawi zina madontho samachitika ndendende, koma ndikusintha kwamadzi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri pamtengowu ndikuti imayamba masamba ake a nthawi yophukira pomwe mitengo yambiri yabwino ikuponya masamba okongola kale. Nissa akuwoneka kuti akuyembekezera kuti omutsutsa akewo asadzime pamalowo kuti akonzekere zowoneka bwino kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusintha kwa masamba a Nyssa kudalira chisanu: Mitundu yowala imangowoneka ndi chisanu chamadzulo.
Nyssa nkhalango (Nyssa sylvatica).
Pachimake cha Nissa chitha kumatchedwa nondescript. Masamba ataphuka pachomera, m'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi koyambirira, mutapenda mosamala masambawo, mutha kuwona mitu yayitali-yamitengo yokhala ndi udzu wobiriwira ndipo, lalikulu, maluwa osawoneka bwino. Koma zipatso zake zimakhala zokopa: Zipatso zakuda, zakuda mpaka 1 cm kapena kupitilira apo zimawonekera bwino korona ndikusiyana bwino ndi masamba owala. Ngakhale kuti nyssa imatengedwa ngati yamtchire, yowoneka bwino pakapanda kugwa, nthawi yotentha sizidzayambitsa chidwi. Chifukwa cha masamba owala masamba, korona amawala kwenikweni padzuwa, ndipo zipatso zodabwitsa zimakongoletsa ma silcette mwachidziwikire.
Mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya nyssa, yolonjeza kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera:
- Madzi a Nyssa (Nyssa aquatica) - mtengo wopindika, wopanga mitengo yamphamvu, yolimba m'madzi osaya, wokonda kuphatikiza korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso kutalika kwakukulu kwa 30 m wokhala ndi masamba akulu opangidwa ndi diamondi mpaka 25cm kutalika, nondescript, koma akupatsa maluwa onunkhira komanso maluwa okoma;
- Nissa Chinese (Nyssa sinensis) ndi umodzi mwamitengo yabwino kwambiri yamtali wamtali wamtali wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi mamita 10, korona wokongola kufalikira, masamba owonda, akayamba kufiyira, kenako kudera wobiriwira, ndipo pakugwa kwakeko kumaphulika.
Chinese Nyssa (Nyssa sinensis).
Nyssa aquatica (Nyssa aquatica).
Kugwiritsa ntchito nissa pokongoletsa
Nyssa ndi mtengo waukulu wodula, womwe, chifukwa cha korona wopapatiza, utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambiri zazikulu ndi m'minda yaying'ono. Mtundu wake umakhala wotalikirapo makamaka ukaikidwa pafupi ndi malowa: mukabzala mozungulira m'mphepete mwa mundawo, voliyumuyo pamalowo ndi yotalikirapo mpaka mita 2-3. Ngakhale kutalika kwake, mawonekedwe a piramidi okhazikika samakhudza malo mopitilira muyeso, samasokoneza malo, koma m'malo mwake amaika mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwa kupangika kwa mlengalenga ndi miyeso ya nissa kumawoneka kogwira mtima komanso kosangalatsa nthawi yomweyo. Forest Nyssa itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsa za tsambalo, kupanga mapangidwe owoneka bwino, ngati chiphona chokongola kwambiri m'malo opumulirako, monga ulemu waukulu m'matupi amadzi, makamaka zazikulu.
Mtengo ungabzalidwe ngati chomera chokhachokha, komanso m'mabowo m'magulu. Nissa ndi wabwino kwambiri pakuphatikiza ma conifers - ma pine, spruce, thuja - nthawi yomweyo kuphatikiza ndi iwo chifukwa cha kukongola kwa silhouette komanso mawonekedwe okongola modabwitsa pakupanga mawonekedwe, airiness, mitundu. Zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochititsa chidwi yokhala ndi ma ginkgo biloba ndi mapu onse, ndi mitundu ina yabwino. Koma mwayi waukulu ku Nyssa ndi mizu yake yozika mizu. Pansi pa nissa mutha kuthyola mabedi amaluwa ndi nyimbo zokongoletsera, simawopa malo oyandikana ndi chilimwe ndi perennials, imakupatsani mwayi wobiriwira momasuka woyambira mizu ndikupanga nyimbo zodabwitsa pamithunzi.
Ichi ndi chomera cha m'dzinja, chomwe chimadza pakuwonekera kumapeto kwa nyengo. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yobiriwira "yodalirika", koma tsiku lanyengo yachisanu, nissa yofanana silingapezeke.
Nyssa nkhalango (Nyssa sylvatica).
Zovuta Nissa Forest
Mtengo wowola uyu ndi wa zimphona zazikuluzithunzi. Nyssa imangovomereza mthunzi wosakhalitsa kapena kugwedezeka kwa gawo lakumunsi kwa korona chifukwa choyandikira kwa mitengo ina yokhala arboreal. Koma ndibwino kubzala mbewu m'malo owala ndi dzuwa. Koma mtengo sawopa mphepo ndi kukongoletsa, ndipo sapereka zofunika zina pamalopo.
Koma nthaka yomwe ili m'munda wachikhalidwe cha Nyssa sioyenera. Ngati chilengedwe chimatha kukula bwinobwino m'malo otetezeka, komanso m'madothi owuma m'mapiri, ndiye kuti madera amatha kudziwa momwe nthaka ikuyambira komanso nthaka. Nyssa nkhalango amakonda chinyezi kapena mwatsopano, wapamwamba kwambiri, dothi lopangidwa bwino komanso lopanda chonde komanso chonde chambiri. PH yolondola kwambiri ya chimphona ichi ndiyambira pa 5.5 mpaka 6.5, kukula pamiyala yopanda acid, m'matanthwe a alkaline ndizosatheka.
Nyssa nkhalango (Nyssa sylvatica).
Chisamaliro Cha nkhalango ya Nissa
Nyssa moyenerera ali ngati mtengo wokonda chinyontho. Kukongola kumeneku kumakonda nyengo za chinyezi chokhazikika, ndipo mosiyana ndi zimphona zambiri za m'munda, adzafunikira kuthirira (kupatula kubzala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi). Kupatula apo, mtengowo sunalandire mwangozi dzina lake lenileni polemekeza nymphs zamadzi a Nyssa. Ndikofunika kuchita kuthirira ndi kudyetsa kwambiri dothi makamaka nthawi yotentha komanso yopanda nyengo. Nthawi zambiri, kwa Nissa, amasankha njira yothirira pamwezi mwezi ndi nthawi yophukira komanso njira ziwiri zamasabata.
Forest Nissa m'zaka zoyambirira zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zaulimi adzayamika poyankha kumayambira m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachakudya cha muyezo wama feteleza ophatikiza ndi kuphatikiza ndi michere. Mitengo yokhwima imatha kuchita popanda kuthira feteleza. Kulima, kumasula dothi kumafunikanso chomera chokhacho chokha komanso ngati simunatengepo mwayi wobzala msipu pafupi ndi thunthu.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamitengo chosafunira kudulira konse. Inde, ukhondo ndiwosiyana: ndibwino kuchotsa kwambiri makulidwe, nthambi zowonda zomwe zimamera mkati ku Nyssa, komanso mphukira zowuma komanso zowonongeka.
Nkhalango ya Nissa yozizira
Pali zokambirana zambiri komanso nthano zambiri zazokhudza kukana chisanu ku Nyssa. Mtengowu sugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulojekiti athu, makamaka chifukwa dera lotetezedwa, la Nyssa, ndi nyengo yachisanu yolimba 6b: poyamba, mtengo umagwirizana bwino ndi chisanu osapitirira 21 digiri. Koma malinga ndi okonza malo aku Russia, Nyssa amatha bwino ndi chisanu mpaka-34 ... madigiri 35, imabwezeretseka bwino. Ndipo zomwe zikuchokera ku America m'zaka zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuthekera kokula misasa m'nthawi ya 3. Kwa zaka zambiri, mtengowo umangokulitsa chisanu.
Chinsinsi chachikulu cha Nyssa ndi mbewu ndipo mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa kwa iwo zimalandira mokulira nyengo ya nyengo yachisanu ya mayi. Kuti mbeu ikhale yolimba, yogwirizana bwino ndi zochitika za gulu lapakati la Nyssa, mbeu ziyenera kugulidwa kokha mwa malo okhala kumpoto kwambiri. Onani mukamagula kumene mitengo yomwe njere zake zidalimidwa - kumpoto kwa USA ndi Canada ndizoyenera nyengo yathu kuposa zigawo zakumwera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Mexico.
Ngati mukugula mbewu zasasa kum'mwera zigawo, ndiye mchaka choyamba chakalima pamalo obzala kapena nthawi yozizira mutabzala m'malo okhazikika, ndibwino kuteteza mbewu zazing'onoting'ono ndi mulching, mutadzaza masamba owuma kapena nthambi zanthete. Pogona imabwerezedwa mpaka kutalika kwa mita 1 kukafikira, palibe chitetezo china chomwe chikufunika. Mukamakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ndi chisanu kwambiri, m'zaka zoyambirira, khulupirirani wopanga. Koma pogona mu zaka zoyambilira za 1-2 zithandiza kusintha kwa mbeu ndikuthandizira kukula msanga.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Nkhalango ya Nyssa mchikhalidwe cha horticultural ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe sizipirira zovuta zomwe zimavutidwa. Zipatso za mtengowo zimakopa mbalame ku ma masse, ndipo chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa mitengo yazipatso, ndibwino kukhazikitsa zogulitsa zapadera kuti mbalamezi zisakhudze kukolola kwanu.
Nyssa nkhalango (Nyssa sylvatica).
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa nkhalango ya Nyssa
Chomera chamtengo wamtchirechi sichachilendo kugulitsa. Njira yokhayo yofalitsira nyssa imadziwika kuti ikubzala mbewu, koma ngati zingatheke kuti muthe kudula ndizotheka kupeza mbewu zatsopano ndikukula.
Kwa nissa kudula mitengo kungadulidwe m'chilimwe chokha. Amakhala ozikika ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono titakhala tomwe timatulutsa mphamvu zokutira, kutentha ndi kukhazikika. Pambuyo pozika mizu, yozizira yoyamba, zodulidwazo ziyenera kuzizira m'chipinda chozizira, mbewu zibzalidwe pamalo okhazikika mchilimwe, nthaka itatha.
Mbewu za Nissa zimafesedwa mosabisa. Ndikwabwino kubzala nthawi yozizira, mu Okutobala. Mukabzala mu masika, kuphatikiza kwofunikira kumafunikira. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika pa mbande kapena m'mabokosi patali kwambiri. Mbande zazing'onoting'ono zimafunikira kubzala chaka chimodzi pofesa mbewu ndipo pokhapokha nthawi yoyamba yachisanu ikayamba bwino izisunthidwa kumalo okhazikika.
