Dzinali limachokera ku liwu Lachilatini 'pulmo' - mapapu. Kale, masamba a mbewuzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mapapo.
Mitundu ili ndi mitundu 15. Mapiri onse a Lungworm amakula ku kontrakitala ya ku Europe ndipo amakhala m'nkhalango zowuma komanso zowuma.
© Rovdyr
Lungwort (lat.Pulmonária) - mtundu wa wobiriwira wazomera herbaceous wa banja la Boraginaceae. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu ya Euromaan 14-16.
M'mitundu yambiri ya Lungwort (monga zinjito zina za borage), chodabwitsa cha kusinthika kwa corolla, infrequent pakati pa maluwa oterera, chimawonedwa nthawi yamaluwa: pinki kumayambiriro, kumapeto kwa maluwa, ma corollas amatembenukira abuluu.
Lungwort - makamaka Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) - agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera mankhwala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Mitundu ina imalimidwa ngati mbewu za m'munda, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera imadulidwa..
Mitundu yonse ya Lungwort ndi njuchi zabwino.
Asayansi odziwika ndi dzina loti Pulmonaria amachokera ku Latin pulmo - "mapapu" (pulmonary - "pulmonary") ndipo amagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za mtunduwu pochiza matenda am'mapapo.
Dzina lachi Russia la mtundu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku a sayansi komanso otchuka - Lungwort - limagwirizana ndi dzina lachi Russia la mtunduwu ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi uchi wa mitundu: maluwa a chomera ali ndi timadzi tokoma kwambiri, ndipo pambali pake, ndi chimodzi mwazomera zoyamba za uchi. Nthawi zina pamakhala mayina ena aku Russia kapena mtundu wawo: "pulmonary" (potanthauzira dzina lasayansi), "lungworm" ndi "udzu wa pulmonary" (komanso monga dzina lodziwika bwino la mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, komanso monga kumasulira kwa dzina lasayansi) ), "medunika", "medunka".
Monga mbewu zina zomwe zimaphuka molawirira kwambiri, chipale chofewa chitasungunuka, Lungwort m'malo ena a Russia amatchedwa "chipale chofewa".
Mitundu yonse ya Lungwort imakhala malo otentha a Eurasia, pomwe mitundu yambiri imachokera ku Central ndi Eastern Europe. Mitundu yotakata imapezeka mu boletus yofewa (Pulmonaria mollis): izi zimagawidwa kuchokera ku Western Europe kupita ku Asia Little ndi Eastern Siberia.
Kukula
Malo: m'malo mokhazikika kapena pamithunzi, malo abwino. Chomera sichilola kutentha, koma chimakonda chinyezi. Mitundu monga m. Gross, m. Mankhwala ndi m. Red, ndikofunikira kugawa malo ochulukirapo - ali ndi katundu wa "kukwawa".
Dothi: Zomera zimakonda loam kapena loamy, alkali kapena pang'ono acidic, dothi lotayirira lomwe lili ndi humus. Lungwort-leved-leved limakula bwino pamchenga wosauka.
Chisamaliro: madzi munyengo yamvula. Ikani humus pafupipafupi. Panyengo, amadyetsa 1 nthawi pakati pa chilimwe, munthawi ya kukula kwamasamba atsopano, ndi yankho la feteleza wathunthu wama 15 (g 20 g pa 10 l), ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalamayi pa 1 m2. Ngati ndi kotheka, kudula komwe kumakuliratu ndi fosholo. Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, mitundu ndi ma hybrids a m. Kukula ndi m. Pofewa, ndikofunika kuphimba ndi pepala. Chisanu chisanachitike, ndikofunikira kuti mulch mitundu yonse ya peat. Ku Lungwort-leved-leved, masamba sangathe kudulidwa.
© KENPEI
Kuswana
Kufalitsa pogawa chitsamba ndi mbewu. Lungwort ndiye mbewu yofatsa kwambiri makamaka yofesedwa ndi mbewu zatsopano. Mbande imadumphira pamtunda wamtali wa 5-8 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mitundu yonse imabereka kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndimagulu a ma rhizomes okhala ndi mphukira yatsopano. Kubala kumachitika mpaka akuya masentimita 2 - 4, obzalidwa pa mtunda wa 15-20 cm.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Gwiritsani ntchito m'magulu, malo osakanikirana, ndi malo amwala. Masamba sataya kukongoletsa kwake kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ofunika m'malire. Tizilomboti tambiri sitimabzala m'minda, ngakhale timaluwa lowala bwino, tili ndi masamba okongola, ndikupanga chomera chokongoletsera tiyenera kupeza malo awo osapindulitsa. Lungwort ndi Lungwort yopapatiza-leved atha kulimbikitsidwa ngati malo osungunuka, ndipo malo ochepetsetsa kwambiri amatha kukongoletsa mabedi azithunzi pamthunzi komanso m'malo otseguka a dimba.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: M'nyengo yozizira, yonyowa, tsabola wofiyayo umawonongeka ndi Powawa.
© IKAl
Mitundu
Pazomera zamaluwa, mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya Lungwort imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kugwira nawo ntchito, obereketsa apeza bwino kwambiri. Onani mitundu iyi ndi mitundu.
Shuga wa Lungwort (Pulmonária saccharata) mwachilengedwe limamera m'nkhalango za France ndi Italy, ndikupanga zopanga zazikulu.
Mapulogalamu a shuga a evergreen ali ndi masamba akuluakulu ozungulira (mpaka 27 cm, mpaka 10 cm mulifupi). Masamba obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi masamba osyanasiyana, ngati kuti amawombera ndi hoarfrost.
Maluwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe a pinki pang'onopang'ono amasintha kukhala amtambo. Maluwa amayikidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde lopindika, lophimbidwa ndi masamba.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mafuta a shuga ndi Pulmonária argentea, kapena Pulmonária argentifolia. Kuchokera pamtunduwu adalandira mitundu yambiri:
- "Cambridge Blue" - yokhala ndi inflorescences yamtambo;
- "Sissinghurst Wite" - ndi masamba apinki omwe amatsegula ndi inflorescence yoyera; ndi yayikulu mitundu yotalika masentimita 30 ndi mainchesi a 45-60 cm;
- "Mayi Mwezi" - wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira komanso masamba okongola;
- "Dora Barnsfeld" - wokhala ndi maluwa opinki, okula msanga;
- "Gulu la Argentina" - lokhala ndi mawanga ambiri pamasamba, chifukwa chake limawoneka ngati siliva kwathunthu, ndipo masamba ofiira amatsegula maluwa okhala ndi utoto wofiirira wakuda;
- "Silverado" - pamasamba gawo lalikulu ndi siliva, m'mphepete mwa tsamba ndi gawo lobiriwira lachilendo; pa chomera chimodzi mutha kuwona maluwa oyera, abuluu ndi pinki.
Malo osungirako ana achilendo amaperekanso mitundu ina yochititsa chidwi ya masamba a shuga: "Bowles Red", "Janet Fisk", "Margery Fish".
Lungworm sakudziwika bwino (Pulmonária obccura) - Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ku Russia. Ili ndi masamba otambalala, owoneka ndi mtima wopanda mawanga, obiriwira.
Lungworm siokongola kwambiri panthawi ya maluwa. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala a lilac, koma nthawi zina amakhala ndi maluwa oyera (mawonekedwe a P. albiflora) komanso maluwa ofiirira. Pakadali pano, obereketsa anyalanyaza mtundu wocheperako wamtunduwu.
Lungwort officinalis (Pulmonária officinalis) kunja kofanana ndi mapapu osadziwika, koma masamba ake amakongoletsedwa ndi malo owala. Mtunduwu umamera kuchokera ku Western Europe kupita ku Siberia; umakonda dothi lambiri.
Masamba a Lungwort a mankhwala ndi okhazikika. Masamba oyambira ndi ovate amtima, onga petioles, amakula pambuyo kwamaluwa; tsinde - oblong.
Medunica officinalis blooms kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, yokutidwa ndi pinki inflorescence. Pofika maluwa, ma corollas a maluwa amakhala pepo.
Mankhwala a Lungwort adakula mchikhalidwe kwazaka zambiri. Mitundu yake imadziwika ndi maluwa oyera komanso masamba opanda mawanga (var. Imnaculata).
Mu nazale mungapeze mitundu yapamwamba ya medunica officinalis:
- "Cambridge Blue" - wokhala ndi maluwa otuwa
- "Coral" - wokhala ndi maluwa ofiira
- "Sissinghurst Wtite" - wokhala ndi maluwa oyera
Ma medunica onsewa sakudziwika bwino ndipo mankhwala a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala monga zitsamba zamankhwala.
Lunatic Fungaria (Pulmonária filarszkyana) - mawonekedwe okongola osowa mwachilengedwe. Chomera chachitali chonchi kuchokera m'nkhalango za Carpathian chimadzimva bwino m'mundamo; kutalika kwa chitsamba 25-30 cm. Koma mtunduwu uli ndi zovuta: mu tchire lozizira komanso lamvula limatha kuwonongeka ndi powdery mildew.
Mu chikhalidwe, a Filyarsky Lungwort amakula mwachangu, ndikupanga chivundikiro chobiriwira chobiriwira cha masamba owala. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi, limaphukira ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino ndipo limapitilira kutulutsa maluwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June.
Mitundu yotchulidwa ku Lungwort ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la zokongoletsera zomwe zimakongoletsa minda yathu.
© Joan Simon
Zothandiza katundu
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndi kufufuza mosiyanasiyana, makamaka manganese, kulowetsedwa kwa udzu kumayang'anira zochitika za endocrine gland, kumathandizira mapangidwe a magazi, ndikuletsa magazi. Lungwort ali ndi odana ndi zotupa komanso zoperewera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma tannins mmenemo, emollients (chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zinthu za mucous), antiseptic ndi mabala ochiritsa. Kulowetsedwa ndi imodzi mwazithandizo zabwino kwambiri zamatenda am'mapapo, hoarseness, mankhwalawa laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, chibayo, bronchial mphumu, chifuwa, chifuwa, magazi kuchokera m'mapapu ndi m'mimba, kukomoka, kutsekemera, zotupa, magazi, komanso purulent mabala, zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa, ngati diuretic yotupa la impso, magazi mkodzo, magazi a impso ndi chikhodzodzo.
Madzi a Lungwort amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ayodini chifukwa chovulala. Masamba odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi mabala a purulent kuti muchiritse mwachangu.
Kuti akonze kulowetsedwa, supuni 1.5-5 za udzu wouma wosalala umathiridwa ndi makapu awiri otentha, ndikuwumirira kwa maola awiri ndi kusefedwa. Tengani chikho 1/2 katatu pa tsiku kwa mphindi 20-30 musanadye. Kunja (kwa ma lotion, mabotolo, malo osambira, ma rinses), kulowetsedwa kophatikizidwa kwambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (supuni 4 za udzu pamakapu awiri a madzi otentha).
Zotsatira zoyipa siziphatikizidwa ngakhale zitagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi medunica zimatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa. Pochiza matenda am'mapapo, Lungwort ikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi zitsamba ndi ma infusions omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, monga zofiyira zonunkhira, madzi akuda a elderberry, mankhwala osiyanasiyana azitsamba omwe angaphatikizidwe ndi licorice, thyme, rosehip, amaranth, sitiroberi, singano, currants, acacia .
© Jeantosti
